جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "architecture" در نشریات گروه "هنر و معماری"

The study of building architecture in cities in terms of form, climate and historical-evolutionary in order to coordinate the urban physical environment, is of particular importance. Due to its geographical and climatic location, the city of Zahedan has special buildings in the Pahlavi period, the entrance of which is one of the most significant parts of them. In this study, the purpose of studying the architecture of prominent buildings of the Pahlavi period in the city of Zahedan is to develop in line with the physical coordination of the city with a focus on decoration. The research method is descriptive-analytical and quantitative-qualitative. Data has been collected through interviews with 10 experts about 13 important works of this period in Zahedan. Through the questionnaire tool and using the AHP method, the characteristics of the building as well as 13 important buildings of this historical period were prioritized. Examining the quantitative results and comparing these buildings based on facade decorations shows that the courthouse with a final weight of 0.247 compared to 12 other buildings is known as the most important building of the Pahlavi period due to various architectural features, which ranks first in this priority. The classification is located. The second rank of this priority of building importance is related to Zahedan Post Museum with a weight of 0.2020. Also, Abui house with a weight of 0.113 and Shams house with a final weight of 0.092 are in the third and fourth ranks. According to the results, the total of workers' dormitories with a weight of 0.014 and also the complex of Ghods dormitories with a weight of 0.017 are ranked 13th and 12th in this priority. Therefore, based on the results of the Justice Building and the Post Museum, the most important buildings of the Pahlavi period in the city of Zahedan are known, which have a significant value and architecture compared to other buildings and architecture compared to other buildings and they can be used as a model for designing the body of urban roads.

The interplay between interior and exterior spaces has long intrigued scholars and designers. Historically, interiors were seen as private domains, while exteriors were linked to public functions. However, these traditional definitions have evolved, prompting a reassessment of the boundaries between these realms. This article redefines urban space, traditionally public, through the lens of interiority—a quality often associated with privacy—by examining how interiority manifests in urban contexts. The study begins with an exploration of interiority, analyzing its theoretical dimensions and its capacity to transcend physical architecture. Interiority is presented as a temporal and perceptual experience rather than a mere physical enclosure, allowing it to emerge in open urban environments. This perspective broadens the scope of interiority from private spaces to public urban spaces, challenging conventional boundaries. Next, the concepts of "public interior space" and "urban interior space" are investigated, focusing on their intersections with public and private domains. These hybrid spaces create new opportunities for interaction, engagement, and a sense of belonging, blurring traditional distinctions. Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology and theoretical insights, the research identifies the diverse ways interiority manifests in urban settings. Specific urban examples, illustrated through images, demonstrate the physical and psychological dimensions that shape the perception and realization of interiority. The findings highlight two primary dimensions of urban interiority: physical and psychological. The physical dimension encompasses architectural elements and spatial arrangements that define urban interior spaces, while the psychological dimension fosters a deeper connection between individuals and their surroundings. Together, these dimensions create environments that transcend functionality, enhancing emotional well-being and fostering a sense of comfort, familiarity, and belonging. This duality helps alleviate alienation and disorientation in urban settings, enabling individuals to redefine their identity within their environment. The study emphasizes the importance of integrating interiority into urban design, suggesting that spaces attuned to both physical and psychological dimensions can foster richer, more meaningful urban experiences. By blurring the boundaries between public and private realms, these spaces promote unity and coherence in fragmented urban landscapes. The article concludes that incorporating interiority into urban design can create human-centered environments that support personal and collective engagement while enhancing the emotional and psychological connection between individuals and the modern city. This integration offers a pathway to reimagining urban spaces as places that not only serve functional needs but also inspire creativity, social interaction, and cultural expression, providing opportunities for identity formation, connection, and meaningful engagement within the complexities of contemporary urban life.

Problem statement:

 Understanding and redefining the relationship between spatial configuration and the way audiences perceive and interact with their environment is a key area of knowledge in the architectural design process. In this context, the ISOVIST theory, based on analyzing and translating spatial characteristics and geometry, provides an operational framework to explore this relationship. However, it appears that the topological content of space has received less attention in this field, leaving some layers of the designer’s perception and audience experience obscured. 

This study aims to formulate and structure the geometric analyses of the Isovist theory to explain the relationship between spatial visibility variables and visitor presence density. It seeks to redefine the geometric-topological layers within cognitive-behavioral frameworks of space to better understand architecture.

This study used quantitative and analytical methods to examine the correlation between variables and values in the Iran-Iraq War Museum exhibition complexes. Field observations were conducted by timing and tracking visitor stop-and-move patterns using CCTV cameras. Data analysis utilized machine learning techniques based on regression models and significance testing for correlation. The study employed the concept of a topological graph of cognitive-behavioral systems, focusing on various museum sections, including exhibition, interactive, simulation, and recreational spaces.

The findings indicate diverse patterns of interaction between spatial configuration and visitor behavior across the museum’s four areas. Factors such as Z radial, 3d integration, visual dispersion, uniform distribution of the field of view, and curvilinear forms play a central role in forming audience experiences. The results suggest that specific and independent analyses of museum spaces based on their functions provide a more accurate understanding of the relationship between space and user behavior. Furthermore, this study underscores the necessity of critiquing and revising the space syntax theory to expand its applicability in the realm of non-geometric and topological cognitive-behavioral systems.

This research aims to plan a new intellectual system in the interdisciplinary space of two social phenomena, media and architecture, with the help of theorizing based on paradigm rethinking and with the aim of creating a concept. It requires understanding the meaning of episteme in Foucault's literature, temporal identification, i.e. the age of the current media leap: the Anthropocene era, and the description of the communication model, i.e. fusion.

With an approach based on the paradigm of modern materialism and using an algorithm inspired by Peirce's method, the theories of the field of media and architecture are taken as data and combined with analogy and induction, and the results are analyzed. A report is created. Considering the extent of this system, the writer has used the data combination of McLuhan's theories, the philosopher of the media age, with architectural data by designing an example.

The findings obtained from the research of historical theories in the field of media and architecture form a system of conceptual propositions in a post-qualitative context and by using the writer's creativity.

This research indicates the possibility of military creation of knowledge based on a rhizomatic report that can be read with Foucault's literature called architectural episteme in combination with media in the Anthropocene era, which can be analyzed in the context of the research approach and can probably be considered as a legacy of contemporary architecture to establish a fundamental structure in interdisciplinary studies in the field of media and architecture.

Problem statement: 

Understanding authenticity in architecture is a significant and challenging topic. Nowadays, this subject has been primarily explored in the fields of restoration and cultural heritage. Discussions regarding the authenticity of a heritage building frequently arise in architectural discourse. However, due to divergent opinions, the vast scope of the subject, and the lack of precise criteria to address the issues related to the authenticity of architectural works, this important topic has often been overlooked by experts. Consequently, many related studies reflect mutual influence and repetition of general ideas.

From the perspective of this study, one of the most important areas that can assist researchers in understanding the nature of authenticity is philosophy. The concept of perception in architecture is one of the key issues in this field, and a precise understanding of it plays a significant role in re-evaluating the process of authenticity in architectural works. Research question of this article is What dimensions does the concept of authenticity in architecture possess based on the levels of perception in Mulla Sadra’s theory?

This study adopts Mulla Sadra’s Transcendent Theosophy as its theoretical foundation, employing a descriptive-analytical method to define the levels of human perception and to identify the process of actualizing the degrees of authenticity. Logical reasoning was used to illustrate the relationship between the concepts of authenticity and perception in architecture.

Accordingly, corresponding to the three degrees of sensory, imaginative, and intellectual perceptions according to Mulla Sadra, three degrees of authenticity are defined in terms of form, concept, and meaning.

Problem statement: 

Many countries, including Iran, have developed educational transformation documents that significantly influence educational values and the nature of schools by introducing new content models. In countries such as Finland, Sweden, and Australia, schools are not confined to education but also serve an important social role, offering various resources and services to the surrounding community. However, in Iran, schools have not yet fully embraced this broader function. Research in this area remains limited, and there is no clear or comprehensive classification system for different school types. This research is trying to answer these questions; First question: How do the content models of the Fundamental Transformation Document influence the classification of schools, and what types of schools does it recommend?/ Second question: What are the prevalent geometric organizational models in schools, and what organizational models can the Fundamental Transformation Document recommend?

This study aims to classify schools based on their focus on learning, services, activities, and auxiliary functions, and to determine the appropriate geometric organizational models for school types identified in the research.

This research is applied in terms of objectives and analytical-argumentative in terms of its methods. Data collection was conducted through library and documentary research. To ensure validity and reliability, an expert questionnaire was used. Initially, content models were extracted from educational documents and analyzed based on their focus on education, services, and auxiliary functions, leading to a classification of schools. Geometric organizational models were then set based on frequently occurring patterns of Grutter.

The study places schools into the following categories: park schools, nature-sport-health schools, scientific-research schools, social and cultural schools, and entrepreneurial schools. Social schools represent the broadest category. Eight common organizational patterns were identified. For social schools, a semi-dispersed and semi-free to semi-cohesive and semi-dense pattern is recommended and for other schools, a semi-dispersed and semi-free to scattered and free pattern is recommended.

Cinema has been constantly interacting with architecture since the early days of its formation. One of the fields of this interrelation is the exploration of concepts that exist in the theories of cinema and can betraced in the realm of architecture. The “distancing effect” concept, also known as estrangement oralienation effects, and V-effect (Verfremdungseffekt in German) which has influenced many theorists of cinema and filmmakers is one of them. This concept can be defined through an example. While watching a drama, individuals experience sensory and emotional tensions,identify themselves with the actors, and perceive everything as reality. However, this process is disturbed by the “distancing effect”. They become aware that they are watching a performance, and therefore they are separated from the belief that the events are real, viewing the work with a distant and analytical perspective, away from emotional conflicts. In this way, imaginations and illusions dissipate, and the audience remains fully alert with a seeking and active mind,ready to think. The “Distancing effect” has been developed in many art forms to break simple immersion and identification,provokig self-awareness, social awareness, and reflection. The focus of the present article is to explore “distancing effect” concept in architecture, with the aim of interpreting its manifestations in architectural works. The research method is qualitative, based on theoretical discussions in library resources, where “distancing effect” concept has been explained. Cinema has been employed as an intermediary domain for a better explanation of “distancing effect” approaches, allowing architectural instances  be identifiedmore easily. The contents of  sequences from selected cinematographic works have been analyzed. By adapting them to the world of architecture, examples of this concept have been illustrated in architectural works. In this article, five categories of insideness and outsideness, main narrative and sub-narrative, objectivity and spatiality, parallel narrative, and anachronism are summarized, which can lead to the “distancing effect” in both architecture and cinema. In conclusion, it became clear that the “distancing effect” concept is not solely dedicated to literature or dramatic arts, but it can also be revealed in the field of architecture. various works of cinema and architecture from a wide geographical range are presented as instances of the “distancing effect”. As demonstrated, different famous filmmakers such as Antonioni, Tarkovsky, Kiarostami, Wajda, Wenders, von Trier, Mankiewicz, Bertolucci, and others used the “distancing effect” in their works. Notebly, Brecht theorized his concept in the twentieth century, yet many of the buildings discussed in this research belong to an earlier historical period. This indicates that many architects have (un)consciously used this concept in their works as they want to invite individuals to think, explore, be active, interpret, and be aware of what they are observing. Ultimately, it can be articulated  that the work of architecture plays a more significant role, it is not merely a space to provoke our sensations, but also a universe for deep contemplation and thought.

Monuments have a history of thousands of years and are usually among the oldest symbols of civilisation in various periods. In the Islamic world, a memorial is created to commemorate a person or an event, which is generally manifested in constructing a tomb, whose wide distribution in the Islamic lands is a testimony to this claim. The building known as "Kakh or Qasr-i Khurshid (Palace of the Sun)” in the city of Kalat in the north of Khurasan Razavi province is an example of this type of architecture. This structure was built on the orders of Nadir Shah Afshar (r.1736-47), although its primary function has always been debated owing to its distinct architecture and decorations. Kalat or Kalat-i Nadiri is known as a natural fortress due to a fence of mountains. So, throughout history, it has always been of interest from a defensive and military point of view. This area received particular attention during the reign of Nadir Shah, and several buildings were erected on his orders. Khurshid monument has always been the focus of researchers in terms of its size and appearance as well as the ambiguity of its function. The octagon includes a series of iwans connected by narrow corridors, creating a series of connected spaces of different scales that encircle the cylinder and are suitable for ambulating around the building. The building generally consists of two volumes: a lofty cylinder and an octagonal. The structure comprises three floors: the basement, the ground, and the first. Previous studies have expressed different opinions about the building’s function. Some consider it a palace, and some believe it was initially built as a tomb, which was later converted into a palace. This study aims to investigate the building's function and main architectural features and determine its place in the history of Iranian architecture. The analysis of the building shows that not only in terms of architecture but also concerning structure, significant measures have been taken for its durability and stability against the risk of earthquakes. The research also shows that the building was not a palace or a tomb, but it was built as a governmental monument with a ceremonial function to commemorate the name of its patron. The research findings show that the Khurshid building is a fusion of Iranian and Indian architecture, which are skillfully linked to perpetuate the name of the building’s patron. The structure characterises the idea of a tomb tower as a monument in a new composition. In this sense, it created a link between the traditions of Iranian architecture and the architecture of the Mughals of India. The wide range of decorations with Indian motifs attests to this claim.

Biomimicry is the imitation of models, systems and elements of nature in order to solve complex human problems. Living organisms have developed appropriate structures and materials throughout geological time through natural selection. Biomimetics, inspired by biological solutions, has given rise to new technologies at the macro and nano scales. Humans have studied nature to answer the problems in our existence. The research method is descriptive-analytical with data tools including library studies and case examples. Research findings have shown that nature has solved engineering problems such as self-healing abilities, tolerance and resistance to environmental exposure, hydrophobicity, self-assembly and solar energy exploitation, that is, biomimicry is an old approach. It is, but it is new in the scientific sense and has played a role in contemporary fashion design and architecture, which has been mentioned.

In the contemporary era, the gray boundaries or boundary of gray spaces, are a group of In-between spaces that have not received enough attention due to the nature of their existence. Since the extent of interpretation of a space requires potential ability and knowledge of that particular space, understanding physical factors influencing the acknowledgment of In-between boundaries between city and buildings, would not be possible unless the components forming the shape and type of urban morphology are appreciated. Also, how public and private spaces are formed, (examining) the status of homogeneous and heterogeneous spaces, and spaces related to movement and pause, are all effective in forming boundaries of gray spaces. The object of this study was to recognize, evaluate, and compile the criteria and factors that led to the emergence of gray spaces in district No.22 of Tehran, and compare them to six randomly selected regions in Tehran.

The approach used in this research is the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods in an "Embedded/Nested manner" to evaluate the possibility of gray space-boundary formation. For this purpose, the subject of our study was picked and carried out using (tools like) existing documents, field observations, and the design of questionnaire forms.

Then, four factors of Access, Type of boundary, Ownership status, and Occupancy variation were identified. The analysis of obtained data was carried out by use of SocNetv software. Finally, a comparative-descriptive correlation between observations, universal literature, and outcomes from data analysis resulted in the direction of the effective indicator.

The research results show; That public spaces with private ownership (or privatized public property) contribute more to the formation of gray boundaries compared to what private or public spaces do. Furthermore, the formation of gray boundaries is intensified by free-form buildings with physical characteristics and unpredictable soft boundaries. In the meantime, the role of access and the way to connect existing points and spaces, especially for pedestrians, is important in the formation of interactions and participation in these spaces

The article seeks a meaningful relationship between design-oriented academic courses in Iran, such as architecture and urban design courses, and three normative characteristics namely “Islamization”, “indigenization” and “up-to-dating” as a standard imparted by the Cultural Revolution Development Council in Iran. For this, the article uses ‘Knowledge Mobilization’(KM) as a key global concept to apply those three qualities.  Knowledge Mobilization means more application of knowledge or better use of it, which means reducing the distance between theory and practice. Four steps are recommended in improving the quality of research and increasing its impact in the society:1. Ground the research question or problem in concrete and observable phenomena in order to appreciate and situate its multiple dimensions and manifestations. 2. Develop plausible concepts and models that represent the main aspects of the observed phenomena and that thereby provide a base for new theories to address the central research question. 3. Use appropriate methods to design the research and obtain empirical evidence of the concepts and plausible models for examining the question about the phenomenon being examined. 4. Apply and disseminate the research findings to address the research question from the perspectives of different academic and practitioner users (Van De Ven & Johnson, 2006, p. 810) Examining the impact of this global concept with common initiatives in Iran with the titles of efficiency, Islamic, ruling, local and modernization has not been compared so far. Also, in intermediate knowledge, for example, between the disciplines of art, technical sciences, humanities and social sciences, such as the disciplines of architecture and urban planning, which have a "design-oriented" nature, the distinction of this concept and its application has not been made much either in the world or in Iran. These fields of academia include workshops and studio course formats which makes them totally apart from the other disciplines. The research thus aims to find more effective methods to apply the norms into the courses. The relationship between the educational system, the experts or professional environment and the organizations related to urban management and most importantly the residents and the people can enrich the employment, development and participation. Also, the free presence of academics, professors, and students can introduce world literature and theories to the people with representative planning and implement scientific dimensions. In this way, establishing a relationship between the university and the profession causes employment and more efficiency of students' activities, and their efforts are prevented from being wasted (Noorian and Rezaei, 2015). Abdolhamid Noghreh-kar has shown that the relationship of "Islamic wisdom" with human processes, including the creation of works of art, architecture and urban planning, has five stages (idea, motivation, method, product, effect). Each stage has its sources and foundations, which identifies the direction, goals and results of the whole process. Therefore, the realization of a new civilization with an Islamic-Iranian identity cannot be an imitation of the current situation, the past or other civilizations. Rather, each stage should choose its sources from the Islamic school, i.e. Islamic beliefs and teachings, rulings, ethics, and Ijtihad solutions. According to his "Theory of Salam", every architectural work can be evaluated from two spiritual and engineering dimensions - each in six factors. The spiritual dimension has general, qualitative and top-down characteristics, timeless and placeless conditions. But engineering dimensions have minor features, slightly from bottom to top and interrelated to time and place conditions. According to this theory, every architectural work goes through five stages of creation and in each stage it can be evaluated according to six factors. Out of these five stages of creation, three are knowledge and insight, intention and motivation, the practical method related to the architect. The fourth step is the architectural effect itself and the fifth step is its effect on the audience. Therefore, in evaluating works, all five stages should be measured with six spiritual factors and six engineering factors. This theory was proposed to explain the road map of modern Islamic civilization in the working group of art, architecture and urban planning (Naghrekar, 1401; 1395). The research method is a combination of in-depth interviews and theoretical saturation. First, the texts related to "Knowledge Mobilization" as well as "Experiences in teaching these disciplines" from the 1950s have been reviewed and strategies have been extracted. Accordingly, and based on the three fundamental characteristics of the aforementioned council, the coding content has reached theoretical saturation with the participation of professors and students. It has been determined that Islamization includes localization and up-to-dating goals. To achieve those three, "Knowledge Mobilization" is vital, which is accelerated with the help of "Studio". The link between courses, courses with the profession, society and global science is one of the priorities in the revision of the pedagogy. The relationship of "Islamization" with the designer's social role; " indigenization " with the link between the studio and the society; "up-to-dating" with the cooperation between designers and other professions, the use of modern technology, the publication of texts and the establishment of more research centers. The idea of ​​mobilization of knowledge in the form of a workshop system, planned meetings, use of professors' publications, skill approaches of courses is proposed in the form of pedagogies. The article highlights that the purpose of the Islamization, indigenization and updating in the matter of education should be  "Knowledge Mobilization”, i.e. production, publication, exchange of knowledge, provided that it causes change and improvement of society's policies. This mobilization of knowledge in schools of architecture and urban design will take place with a more effective studio format of teaching.

Common features and differences in the architecture of different regions are the result of sharing and differences in tradition, religion, culture, lifestyle, and other factors in which architecture has grown. One of the most important factors is the cultural factor and the way of life that has caused different forms of architecture. Among these formal distinctions, we can mention how privacy is manifested in architecture, which is manifested in different ways according to culture and beliefs, lifestyle, as well as climatic and natural conditions. Examining the sources shows that there is not much affinity between the concept of privacy in Western culture and the concept of privacy in Eastern culture.

High-rise construction is one of the controversial issues in the urbanism, both theoretically and practically. The various opinions and the agreements and oppositions that exist for it and the need to take a correct position on this matter indicate the necessity of analysis and Critique of this issue. What makes the issue more sensitive in a country like Iran is the connection between identity, culture, Islamic-Iranian lifestyle and religious beliefs with high-rise construction. The approval of the supreme council of urbanism and architecture of Iran regarding the location and criterias and regulations for the construction of high-rise buildings in the city of Tehran (1400) and its content also doubles the need to investigate this issue. Therefore, these questions are raised: What are the consequences of high-rise development in physiological, social, economic, transportation and traffic, environmental, physical and visual dimensions, and how it is evaluated from the perspective of Islamic worldview, Islamic culture and jurisprudence? How has the approval of the Supreme Council of Urbanism and Architecture of Iran paid attention to the results of various researches and the values of Islamic worldview, Islamic-Iranian culture and Islamic jurisprudence in relation to high-rise construction? What strategies can be pursued to avoid the disadvantages of high-rise construction in the country?The purpose of the current research is to provide an analysis and explanation of the consequences of high-rise construction in the country with an identity and cultural perspective and with an emphasis on the criteria of Islamic worldview, as well as criticizing the approval of the supreme council of urbanism and architecture of Iran, and finally to provide appropriate strategies for high-rise construction. This is achieved by examining the history of high-rise construction in the world and Iran, meta-analysis of various researches on the evaluation of consequences of high-rise construction and precision in the opinions of researchers in this field.The results of the research indicate that high-rise construction - especially in residential use - in spite of the benefits have been mentioned for it, works against its primary goals in the long run and it imposes various negative effects in terms of physical-spatial, environmental, transportation, social, economic, landscape, etc. on the city and citizens. Examining the criteria, principles and values of the Islamic worldview, Islamic-Iranian culture and lifestyle, and jurisprudential opinions also show that high-rise construction conflicts with them from various aspects. This has left extensive damages in social interactions, lifestyle, quality of people life and especially the foundation of the family. Therefore, the development and promotion of high-rise construction is not logical, it does not improve the quality of living in the city, but it also causes its degradation. So, the action of the supreme council of urbanism and architecture in approving the high-rise construction permit in Tehran is not evaluated positively and can be the source of future problems for Tehran. The recent resolution of this council is flawed in terms of theoretical approaches, necessity, goals, possibility, implementation guarantee and content. Most of the goals that are mentioned in the justification of this resolution are due to the acceptance of the current flawed trend governing economic relations in cities, especially in the field of land and housing, which is based on capitalists' speculation, personal gain, monopoly and hoarding in the land and housing market. Clearly, the consequence of such a view results in high-rise construction. While in this regard, it is necessary to reform the economic system of the cities and eliminate the brokerage and speculation market, and the realization of the goals should be sought in them. According to the studies, the following strategies and solutions are presented to solve the damage of high-rise construction and to move away from this model: Short-term strategies and solutions: Exclusion of high-rise buildings to commercial, office and similar uses in specific and planned areas and serious avoidance of allocating them to residential use. Revision of high-rise construction criteria based on Islamic values and the qualities of Islamic-Iranian architecture and urbanism. Prevision of the supervisory institution with a detailed description of duties to monitor the implementation of high-rise construction criteria and also the provision of effective punitive policies in order to prevent the occurrence of violations. Prevision of financial and tax mechanisms to eliminate hoarding of land and housing. Provision of necessary services and infrastructure, especially in the field of transportation and urban traffic in high-rise built-up areas. Long-term strategies and solutions: Revision of land preparation plan considering the existence of sufficient land in Iran and the possibility of sustainable and regulated horizontal expansion of cities and settlements. Adopting economic measures based on Islamic teachings in order to convert land, building and housing from capital goods to consumer goods. Extraction of urban development patterns based on Islamic-Iranian identity and culture and by using the historical records and experiences of cities and hidden semantic values in them. Revival of suitable agricultural, industrial and commercial areas and directing the population of metropolises, especially Tehran, to these areas. Laying the foundation for increasing production and providing facilities for residents of villages and small and medium towns to prevent migration to metropolises and increase reverse migration. Revival of the neighborhood system in the existing high-rise built-up areas and creation the basis for increasing the socio-cultural interactions of high-rise buildings residents, in order to reduce the socio-cultural damages.

In order to achieve a comprehensive and complete definition of architecture to identify the hidden facts in the creation of architectural impact is necessary to do some actions to understand two aspects of architecture based on universe and wisdom understanding. Based on analyzing the Islamic wisdom system thesis presenting a comprehensive meaning of architecture. This article has a kind of descriptive and analytic approach from one side of view and in that way, we use analysing of content. This general approach of the article is qualitative and in various processes of doing this research style of logical-analytic approach of description and theoretical choices on the basis of mind and logic and gathering of experts thoughts were used. Analysis and interpretation of experts and schools in relation to defining the meaning of architecture in the style of understanding the universe and life were checked. This approach of the article is analytic and matching. The results generally show that the present definitions of architecture are facts that were made in a special kind of thinking system. These facts because of looking at details of the thinking system have the necessary comprehensiveness and just include some parts of the wisdom system and can be used as human experience in offering the meaning of architecture. Ranking and leveling of results will show that there is a frequent level of understanding of the universe and a group of wisdom understanding in the creation of architecture which began in scientific life understanding and continued to monotheistic life understanding.

Being able to take a lesson means avoiding repeating negative experiences and actions, and taking advice and learning from the positive experiences of the past. Throughout history, architectural works have emerged based on the accumulation of human experiences and have been continuous with trial and error. Based on this, the aim of the current research is to explain the function of lesson-taking in different aspects of architectural works. This research, relying on the method of logical reasoning, seeks to explain the category of learning in architecture in three areas: learning person, the subject of learning and the learning process. Due to its educational function, lesson-taking can act in architecture as a way to criticize, learn and benefit from the positive and negative experiences of past architectural works. The lesson-taking category in architectural works includes architects as the creators of the architectural work and people as the creators of the cultural infrastructure of architecture, who by being trained and equipped with the means of lesson-taking can acquire, transfer and correctly use the information of the subject of the lesson (architecture). The subject of lesson is the semantic and physical aspects of architecture, and from the point of view of lesson-taking, what is good and beautiful in these aspects has the ability to instruct and learned from. It is possible to take lessons from architectural works in a conscious process and based on the means of advisability or unconsciously and relying on mental accumulations throughout history. The lesson-taking process and the way of imparting lessons and tips in architecture occurs more consciously for technical and specialized people (architects) and more unconsciously for ordinary people (architecture's audience).Architects, under the condition of proper and sufficient education during their studies, due to their scientific and technical view on architectural works, can take advantage of positive and negative experiences of architectural works in a more conscious and self-aware manner; but people and architectural audiences would take lessons from the work of architecture unconsciously and unknowingly due to lack of sufficient expertise. This issue manifests itself mostly in connection with historical and remaining from the distant past architectural works that recognition, criticism, and education of them require expertise and historical knowledge. In other words, architects have an easier connection with architectural works from the distant and recent past, and audiences mostly with existing and belonging to the recent past architectural works. By educating and familiarizing the audience with the architectural values of the distant and recent past, it is possible to lead them towards a conscious lesson-taking from architectural works.

The application of geometric patterns in Iranian art and architecture has a long history. The design of geometric motifs, especially after Islam, has been employed to determine the dimensions of the structures and to obtain the desired proportions. The design of the structure is basically based on regular geometric shapes and their combinations, and among these shapes, regular pentagons play a more aesthetic role. The present study distinguishes and deals with the geometric analysis of mosques’ design and optimization in different periods of time which was performed on the structure of pentagon geometry. The mosques of Tabriz, built in different historical periods, were selected to study the adaptation of pentagonal geometry to the structure of mosques. The majesty and aesthetics of the buildings indicates that the architectures have skills on various sciences, including geometry and mathematics. Looking closely to the eight mosques from the Seljuk to the Safavid periods in Tabriz shows that the main problem in this study is adapting the pentagonal geometry to the structure of the mosque, both in plan and elevation.Furthermore, it will be investigated whether the pigeon geometry is used in the same way in all eras or whether the predominance of this structure can be determined in specific eras.The results show that the design and construction of the four Mosques including (Saheb-al-Amr, Kabood, Zahiriyeh, Haj Safar Ali) have been employed the Pentagon geometry effectively in both plan and elevation. The other mosques did not adapt the Pentagon geometry. With reference to the era of the mosques which has the conformity with the Pentagon geometry, it is clear that the Safavid architectures have been applied the Pentagon geometry more effective and prevailing than the other periods.

Many researches have been conducted on the relationship between cinema and architecture, often trying to understand why and how to show the history and style of buildings or urban spaces in the film. In the present research, the main goal is to reverse the trend and study the impact of architectural and urban spaces on the story and atmosphere of the film.

In the past few decades in Iran, the term ‘Iranian-Islamic’has referred to a type of architecture and urban planning that is often derived from local elements, complete with traditional signs and built in line with Islamic and local thinking. On the other hand, one of the most important elements involved in the form of films is the scene or the location, which is selected and designed according to the genre and story of the movie. The location and the scenes in which the film sequences are processed, help to create an atmosphere and mood for the film and play an important role in providing the correct sense of the story to the viewer. What is addressed here, using categorical content analysis, is the ways of representing the Islamic-Iranian architecture and urban planning in Iranian post-revolutionary films; those which have used location and scene to create meaning and concept related to their story. This is discussed in terms of the six categories of representation, extracted from Stuart Hall’s theories and quantified and scored according to expert opinion in both cinema and urban planning. In other words, the analysis is focused on which of the examples has the strongest association between the architectural-urban space and the story. The research method is basic in terms of purpose and converting qualitative data into quantitative.

According to the results, the location is one of the most important tools that helps the filmmaker in creating the desired mood and impact on the viewer. Therefore, an urban-architectural space based on the story logic and used with the right thinking and method, will create the desired feeling for the viewer, and create a better atmosphere. The analysis of the example showed that the films Hamoon, Pary andNar-o Ney in which all six aspects of the representation of the urban space are included scored higher in terms of qualities sought in this research.