جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "building orientation" در نشریات گروه "هنر و معماری"

One of the influential factors in building design is their proper orientation regarding the placement of the sun and the optimal utilization of natural light. Research conducted on buildings constructed in Iran has referred to three orientations (directions): the orientation of urban buildings relative to sunlight, wind direction, and generally the appropriate use of optimal climatic conditions. This article aims to investigate the orientation of courtyard houses in the city of Isfahan, built during the Safavid and Qajar periods, and its impact on the illumination of facades and spaces situated in each direction. The main research question is based on the orientation of houses, both in terms of direction and angle, and how it has affected the illumination of facades and consequently the spaces. The purpose of this research is to study the role of the orientation of houses in the illumination of spaces. The method employed in this study is qualitative research, and data collection utilized both library and field methods, with data analysis conducted using descriptive methods. The results of this research indicate that the orientation of houses on a north-south axis in winter, based on the Isfahan pattern, performs better than other angles for Tehran-style illumination (winter-oriented). However, overall, none of the orientations had a significant impact on facade illumination. Nonetheless, the varied placement angles in historical houses not built according to the Isfahan pattern were not climate-dependent but rather created based on the shape of the land and its axial alignment.

In recent years, the high consumption of fossil fuels and its consequences have faced many problems in different cities. One of the solutions presented in this regard is the climatic design of buildings. If the buildings are built according to climatic factors, the need to consume fossil fuels will be minimized. Therefore, buildings should be designed to receive the most energy in the cold period of the year and the least in the hot period. In this direction, the current research was selected in 4 areas of Mehr housing complexes in Rasht City to optimize the placement of buildings based on radiant energy and wind direction. For this purpose, the minimum shading of the buildings was calculated. Also, using the Golbad diagram, the number of times the wind blows in different geographical directions in other months of the year has been studied. Finally, through the calculation method of the cosine law, investigate the intensity of radiation in 24 geographical directions in different months and separately between the cold and hot periods of the year, taking into account 40% of the light reflection around the buildings. It comes into existence; it has been reviewed. According to the findings of the research, the best orientation of the building in terms of obtaining solar energy is +60, -120 and vice versa, followed by +75, -105 and vice versa. The most inappropriate angles are in the direction of -15 and 15. Even though some of the Mehr housing buildings in Rasht city in the four selected areas have suitable orientations, some of them also have inappropriate orientations, and only 30% of the buildings observed the minimum distance between them until the sunlight reaches the first window on the first floor and the air conditioning takes place. Therefore, it is necessary for the relevant designers and managers, in the subsequent phases of Mehr Rasht housing projects and other cities under construction, to optimize energy consumption and pay special attention to the items stated in this research.

In recent decades, urban policy-making has been raised as a significant and scientific topic in major cities of the world, and it has received several attentions from urban studies. One of the topics that is not paid attention to in climate approaches, especially in sustainable architecture, is the consideration of solar energy in buildings, but a lot of attention to solar energy has unfortunately caused that to some extent other renewable energies such as Wind energy and its significant impact on natural ventilation are passively neglected. Paying attention to this case can be taken into consideration by the officials in order to pay attention to the optimization of energy consumption in urban policy making. One of the effective solutions in this field is the use of natural ventilation in residential buildings, determining a suitable direction for creating blinds and receiving wind with positive pressure and benefiting from this influential climatic element in the interior spaces of the building. In this research, an attempt was made to investigate and simulate natural ventilation conditions in residential buildings in Shiraz using Vasari energy simulation software, and parameters such as wind speed, wind direction, wind temperature, and other influencing factors were investigated. and be analyzed. According to the results of the simulation and examination of the twenty-year average of the climatic indicators of Shiraz city, it can be said that if the issues related to natural ventilation and the creation of blinds in the building are considered and the optimal orientation angle can be obtained from solar energy and Also, use wind energy to reduce the load on the building's mechanical facilities throughout the year. that the optimization of energy consumption has been done and in the scale of residential buildings in the metropolis of Shiraz, it can lead to the reduction of fossil fuel consumption to a significant extent.

The design of climate compatible buildings that use solar energy efficiently causes to reducefossil fuels’ consumption. The aim of this research is to determine the most appropriate aspectratio and orientation of the buildings for receiving optimal solar radiation in the cities of Ardabil,Rasht, Kerman and Bushehr with cold, temperate, hot-dry and hot-humid climates, respectively. Inthis research, the square and rectangular forms with North-South and East-West orientation werestudied. All of the studied forms had the same floor area and elevation with orientation to the South.The aspect ratios of the rectangle form were 1:1.2 to 1:3 (by step 0.2), and the orientation of thestudied optimum aspect ratios were 180º to 105º (by step 15º) SE and SW. The amount of directenergy received by vertical surfaces of buildings is calculated and processed, using the “Law ofCosines” computational method, for different months and in 24 geographic directions, in terms ofthe cold and hot periods of the year. The maximum amount of energy received by vertical surfaces incold and hot periods is related to the rectangular form with East-West and North-South orientation,respectively. The results of the research show that the appropriate form of the buildings in studiedcities is the rectangle with East-West orientation. The most suitable aspect ratio for EW rectanglularform is 1:1.2 in Ardabil, 1:1.4 in Rasht and 1:1.6 in Kerman and Bushehr cities. The best orientationsfor the determined aspect ratios in Ardabil is 165º SE and in Rasht, Kerman and Bushehr cities is180º South.

School buildings constitute a large part of the public buildings and thereby being the most important consumers of energy in Iran. Considering the current construction conditions, reforming construction and design methods seems to provide a lot of potential for energy efficiency. Considering a large number of schools in Iran, it is of special importance to carefully study such methods, one of which is to modify building geometry factors, including building orientation. In this study, a double-class school with a simple plan, as a typical building pattern in hot arid regions of Iran, is considered as a case study to accurately determine its optimal orientation for six cities of Isfahan, Shiraz, Zahedan, Qom, Kerman, and Yazd, as cities with over 500,000 people in the hot arid regions of Iran, using computer simulation. To this end, for each city, 72 models are simulated in different directions with a 5-degree variance, and a 10-degree range of the minimum annual energy consumption is obtained. Next, the simulation with a 1-degree variance is performed in the same range, and the results obtained for the six cities are compared. Finally, for this building type, the greatest and smallest impact of the building orientation on energy consumption is observed in Qom city and Yazd city, respectively. Also, despite the low percentage of annual energy savings, due to a large number of typical buildings in all six cities and their useful life span of 50 years, it is necessary to carefully choose the direction for the long period. Because the small amount of fuel storage during the annual consumption of a building will become a significant number at the national level during the entire period of operation.

Due to the special geographic conditions and hot and dry climate of the central plateau of Iran, the design and construction of climate-friendly buildings and urban spaces in these regions, requires receiving minimum energy in hot months through appropriate orientation, decreasing the area of surfaces facing radiation and maximizing the amount of shading on exterior surfaces. The aim of this research is to determine the optimal building orientations in   hot-arid climate of the region through surveying the amount of direct radiation energy received by vertical surfaces of buildings in Isfahan, Semnan, Kerman and Yazd cities.At first, the amount of received radiation energy was calculated in theoretical and real way ,by using the “Law of Cosines” computational method. Then based on the minimum temperature of thermal comfort, the amount of energy received by the vertical surfaces was calculated and processed in 24 different geographical directions, separately for cold and hot periods of the year. Finally, based on the minimum energy received during the hot period of the year, the most suitable orientations of vertical surfaces of buildings for one, two and four-sided buildings were determined in studied cities. The research findings show that the best orientation of vertical surfaces for one-sided buildings in Isfahan, Semnan, Kerman and Yazd is 180 degrees South and after that, is 165 degrees SE. Also, the best orientation of vertical surfaces for two-sided buildings in studied cities is (180, 0) and for four-sided buildings is (180, 0, 90, -90) degrees.

Dust particles have triggered a precarious condition in the southwestern regions in Iran. It brings about an unstable air-breathing health situation for the local residents. Therefore، an immediate collaboration is necessary among a variety of experts in different fields including the environment، health environment، geology، physical geography، chemistry of air pollution، fluid mechanics، meteorology، environmental design، and natural resources، etc.; Meanwhile، it is obvious that the problem cannot be resolved by a single specialist. From among these professionals، it is worth mentioning that the architects can participate effectively to tackle this problem with their appropriate efforts. In this regard، architects as comprehensive designers and beneficiaries of the results of the above mentioned specialties are needed to coordinate and bring together all efforts to help developing an opposite environment in which residential space conditions are facilitated. In this study، the researcher tries to find the appropriate way for the building orientation and its openings in order to provide an instruction for the architectural design as an initial step in designing the buildings against dust particles. At first، appropriate case studies were indicated and located among the buildings in Dezful urban areas. Then، it continued to find an appropriate method to determine different aspects of this problem، in a way that the capability of analyses and comparisons can be offered in different circumstances. After that، collecting long-term data (dust particles measurements from four sides of buildings and meteorological data) has been studied in relation to various buildings. Then، the result has been surveyed according to the analysis of data collection and discussion. Finally، the side of the building where it absorbs most of the dust and the side of the building where the most of the suspended dust particles are hold in the air were allocated (95% of the data collection includes these conditions) according to the direction of wind. Thus، with the identification of the prevailing wind in each region، the generalizability of the theory in this study can be achieved.

Energy has been considered as one of the most important factors for formation and development of industrialized countries. Furthermore، countries accessibility for different types of energy can be indicated as a sound development index، as well as political and economical power. Restrictions on resources of non-renewable energy، on one hand، and high cost of production and also low efficiency of distribution and transfer process، on the other hand، have encouraged the politicians and stakeholders of the field of energy to adopt optimal policies for optimal use of the produced energy because different types of energy production depends on high capital investment and is possible in long term. In this study، multiple-regression analysis with stepwise selection method was employed to investigate the effect of solar radiation (Er) on energy consumption (E Primary، E cooling، E heating) in residential sector in one of semi arid cities of Iran. In Shiraz city (with high capacity of solar energy utilization to provide some parts of the required energy and with different types of house)، residential buildings were divided based on orientation into two group (i. e. NW-SE، and NE-SW). The houses were selected randomly in different parts of city with different characteristics and type. The presence of autocorrelation in the residuals، checked by Durbin- Watson test، was rejected. To remove the influence of adverse factors (as step no.، window to wall ratio، length to width) from E Primary، AHP was used to define the adverse factors’ weights using software (i. e. EC 9. 5). The received solar radiation in samples has divided into three main parts; horizontal envelope (roof)، main vertical envelope (south elevation) and other envelopes. Each of mentioned envelopes has an effective role in annually and monthly energy consumption behavior. In investigation of each house about the effect of solar radiation of building envelope on E Cooling، E Heating، and E Primary، it was indicated that two types of house have closer correlations: the houses with low energy consumption and climatic Er، and those with high energy consumption and high non-climatic Er. According to the relation between average radiation on vertical envelope (Evr)، and E Cooling، E Heating، and E Primary in each group، the primitive hypothesis (climatic orientated houses can achieve lower E Cooling، E Heating، E Primary) was proved. The annually vertical surface radiation from whole radiation on buildings has 28. 89 % in group 1، and 15. 72 % in group 2. The results indicated houses with climatic orientation have low energy consumption. On the other hand، one of the results indicated that about 74. 99% of received radiation in houses is related to the horizontal envelope. The annually horizontal surface radiation from whole radiation on buildings is 68. 50 % in group 1 and 81. 48 % in group 2. Therefore، in both group the role of roof in absorbing radiation is more significant. Finally، some solutions for deploying the solar radiation in order to decrease the residential energy consumption in Shiraz city were proposed and suggestions for future researches were presented.