جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "gestalt psychology" در نشریات گروه "هنر و معماری"

Problem statement: 

In the agreed-upon model of Wallas (1926), The Art of Thought, the third stage is illumination, which has remained a problem for design thinking. Without the ability to understand problem solving and illumination now, design thinking cannot be understood. Due to the instantaneity of this illumination and the nature of general illumination, it is impossible to provide a proper understanding of it.Many different methods have been developed to negate the designer’s direct confrontation with the problem and refer it to previous instructions. This means that a direct understanding of the design situation is not possible. However, there is evidence that suggests a direct understanding of the design problem. The questions of the present study are as follows: Is it possible to have a direct understanding of the design situation? If so, what is the mechanism? What does it have to do with productive thinking? What effect could it have on architectural education?

The present study aims to examine the immediate and direct understanding of the design problem through practical observations of architectural design.

The present study is qualitative. To collect the data, the thinking aloud technique was used. This technique has long been used in the study of thinking. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were carried out with architectural design students. The data were analyzed using a modified version of Goldschmidt’s (1991) method. In addition, library sources were used.

The present study introduces a three-stage model of insight. The designer first notices the inherent gaps in the design problem. These gaps have signs of structural connections within them, and understanding these connections leads to the restructuration of the design problem. These stages can be linked in a sequential cycle. The insight model shows that the designer can directly understand the above steps.

The Persian garden, with its rich history, is the best landscaping pattern in Iran. It is the result of an interaction between an Iranian man and nature. The interaction between man and nature is reciprocal, meaning that one affects the other. This study aims to analyze the Persian garden using the Gestalt psychology perspective to investigate its effects on human perceptions of the surrounding environment. This study also investigates how Gestalt visual principles affect human perception of the existing structural systems of Persian gardens. To examine the extent to which Gestalt laws and structural systems match with the case study of Shahzadeh Mahan Garden, this study uses a phenomenological method and an analogical approach. For this purpose, this study scrutinizes the psychological and functional characteristics of the Persian garden, which can reveal the extent to which each of its features reflects the use of Gestalt laws. In this process, Gestalt perception laws were used to simplify the existing geometry of Iranian gardens and to investigate the effects of these laws on the perception of the surrounding environment in the case study. The findings suggest that the Persian garden, as a whole, results from the consistency of some elements whose structures by themselves do not convey a specific meaning. The great concept of the Persian Garden takes form as its elements (e.g., thinking, geometry, and a specific worldview) are arranged along with each other. The Persian garden is based on the Iranian person’s attitudes and beliefs in the face of his surroundings; thus, it is a cultural and multi-dimensional phenomenon rather than an artwork.

A psychological theory of how visual perception by the human brain explains. In fact, the mind at first glance, instead of understanding the details of a picture, is a percentage that presents a whole. Pergnan's law is one of the principles of Gestalt and visual perception, which is one of the best study methods for research in the field of book design. Pergnan's law is one of the eight principles that can be used in the art of painting. The art of painting is one of the best illustrations in which intelligent visual and psychological capabilities can be examined.

The present study, while introducing the capabilities of Gestalt psychology in the analysis of visual elements, examines three selected paintings from the Herat school from the Shahnameh of Baysanghari and then explains how to perceive and recognize visual patterns in the components using Gestalt laws.

In this research, qualitative research method has been used. Therefore, according to the paintings of the Herat period, from the illustrated copies of this period, the Shahnameh of Baysanghari and its three paintings with structural themes (architecture, war and hunting), as the main features for applying Gestalt patterns, visual analysis Done. The most important thing in this research is the study of Gestalt laws in other image sources that are cited in the research process. Therefore, in order to do this, in addition to studying library resources, Internet resources have also been used. It can be said that the present research is descriptive-analytical. The approach of the present study is based on structuralism. Research study methods are descriptive-analytical and information has been collected using library and Internet resources. This research has been done in response to two basic questions: The rules and principles of visual perception of Gestalt psychologists, to what extent can it be used in the analysis of visual elements in selected images? What is the function of Pergnance rules in selected paintings from Herat school?

The conclusion of the present study from Gestalt theory states that this view, about visual perception, the meaning of visual pattern and how the human organism acts in seeing and visually organizing, the desired results are presented that make the characteristic clear. Cognitive aspects in the formal structure of drawings. A qualitative study of the Gestalt laws in the drawings requires the presentation of quantitative results in the form of tables and graphs that help us to recognize the presence of these rules in the drawings. Since the field of study in this research is to identify the visual features hidden in the components of the drawings, first the theoretical issues of Gestalt theory and then the modeling of visual examples from the principle of Gestalt law and context have been studied. But the main focus of the present study is analysis and inferences that are the result of visual studies based on Gestalt principles and their adaptation in three drawings of Baysanghari Shahnameh which narrates three different topics (architecture, war and hunting). , Are shown in the form of percentage tables and graphs and the result of the analysis is distributed with the criterion of selecting the number of images. Therefore, according to these results, the strongest application of the Gestalt principle has its own form and context. Visual studies based on Gestalt principles and their adaptation in three drawings of Baysanghari Shahnameh, which narrates three different topics (architecture, war and hunting), are shown in the form of percentage tables and graphs and the result of the analysis is measured. Select the number of images distributed.

This research intends to introduce the concept of man as a subject beyond rationalism from the perspective of Deleuze and Perls and to explain an analytical reading of postmodern man by reading a play centered on empiricism and Gestalt therapy in the field of psychology and the philosophy of empiricism. To investigate this, woyzeck’s play was selected as a successful example of the experience of evaluating the human concept in postmodern drama. In woyzeck, Georg Büchner evaluates the position of man from a psychological and philosophical point of view and proves that the place of sense and experience is beyond the view of rationalists. This thinking can give the subject the courage to go beyond something human or even the courage to become a mere empiricist. This article seeks to answer these key questions: “What is woyzeck’s view of modern man based on psychological and philosophical variables?” And “How can such an approach to the relation of human meaning and concept in drama be reflected in the quality of the characterization of the drama?” In this direction, the present study, while choosing woyzeck drama as a case study, intends to study the concept of man based on the philosophical meaning of living and the psychological experience of the individuality of this concept. Part of the foundations of research theory is based on theoretical foundations based on the theories of Jill Deleuze and Fritz Perls, which are specifically studied. I then turn to the philosophical and psychological approach to the human concept in Buchner’s drama, which has turned the drama into a unique play from an empiricist perspective. This paper will also attempt to achieve this goal in a comparativeanalytical manner using library methods and available resources. The results of the research show that the concept of man from the perspective of Jill Deleuze in Woyzeck’s play according to his definition of the subject position which is due to the subject being pushed back from centrality (subjectivism) in the human-animal process and Perls’s definition of human position in Gestalt psychology Emphasizing the possibility of immediate experience can be read in this play.

Cognizing environment in human vision-system is complex process. Part of this process is perceiving image elements and attention signals in general. In the other hand، extracting special description from image elements. It is assumed that the environment scene is a kind of Image. According to this description، it is justifiable to interpret image according to the Gestalt theory principles. The human vision system could distinguish a few number of data from each other’s. Even، some components having spectacular similarity. In Gestalt principles the rule of color and orientation are defined as important as others highlight factor in emphasizing images. To evaluate and test this quotation and psychological experiment is designed to find the correlation of orientation، attention zone and area in an image. The tests are prepared in two parts. In first section، evaluating the ratio of understanding images، establish on consequent of color-limitation and gravity of image layer. In the second part، measuring and recording the characteristics of pattern and attention zone in images. Fifty fine arts university students، aged between 20 to 31 years، participated voluntary as subjects in this study. The result of this part is especially useful in communication and product design. It is possible in which images have spun vicinity between partial and global main components of gestalt happens conflict. The result of this quarrel is observing attention to the image. The things attract human attention is called pattern. It would cause to attract attention to some parts of image. Perceiving attractive elements and patterns، in an image has direct correlation to the invisible factors in background of image. The matters are conceal in inter-layer of image are formed from mutation of color. This color is distributed in all the image which create color spot or color area. From the other point of view، correlation of area and attention in the image is an important question in this research. However، area is not a mono-player of observing attention. As already mentioned، in this research the images which analyzed using MATLAB according to the color limitation are defined in two parts. In first part of test، finding the mutual relation of understanding image using oriented Gestalt image. It is kind of template matching test. In Gestalt theory، the rule of experiment is too significant. In second part، finding attention point in image base on color limitation on gravity point of image layer. The results of this section redefine the meaning of pattern and background in image. It should be noted that، the result of this investigation is shown that the human being vision system interested in finding conspicuous factors in image. The art of designer in composing visual element to understand meaning of image using gestalt principles. Result of research could be used in graphical، communication and product design. Some aspect of attracting attention to something would be find in traffic-sing and safety design factors. For future، would continue and develop this experiment to find relation of understanding image and attention in cosmetology and camouflage design.