جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « structural » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

In the direction of sustainable rural development and the enjoyment of a sustainable livelihood for the villagers, it is possible to take advantage of the complementary activities of agriculture in the villages. It provides welfare services and facilities in the context of improving the quality of life and balanced distribution in the village. On the other hand, Iran's villages have natural attractions, potential social, cultural and environmental resources and potentials, it is a commitment in the development of rural tourism. The research method is a survey with the method of analyzing strategic factors in Masuleh, which was carried out in 1401. In the present research, which uses the survey and meta-analysis method, an attempt has been made to explain the position of tourism in the development of ecotourism in Masuleh in the framework of strategic factor analysis (SWOT) in addition to evaluating and revising the approaches of rural tourism development. The findings of the research show that the type of approach in the development process of functional, strategic, structural and strategic rural tourism, along with the commitment to sustainable rural development, can be effective in the planning process of rural tourism. Also, the development of health centers and infrastructures are among the main priorities for the development of ecotourism in Masuleh.

Mortars are an integral part in the construction of historical and even modern buildings. They are used in different parts of the building, such as mortar between bricks and stones, floor mortar, surface coating mortar and other parts of the building, so it is used to create a quality and stable building. Over time, efforts should be made to improve the quality of mortars and materials. The properties of gypsum mortars are influenced by the three main factors of mine type, baking method and the use of additives. For this reason, the purpose of this research is to investigate these factors. The results of the studies showed that in different mines and even different parts of the same mine, it is effective in creating differences in the properties of gypsum mortar; For example, in different mines, due to the conditions of the mine, such as the pressure on the gypsum crystals or the presence of impurities in the mine, crystals with different characteristics will be created. How to burn and prepare gypsum is also effective in determining the properties of these types of mortars. For example, baking gypsum at a temperature of 120 to 180 degrees Celsius will produce beta hemihydrate gypsum. Additives also affect the properties of plaster in different parts, which can include resistance effects (compressive, tensile and abrasion resistance), setting time and resistance to moisture; For example, it is magnesium oxide and aluminosilicates, each of which increases the compressive strength and setting time in plaster mortar.

Metropolitan neighborhoods have faced many structural and functional changes in recent decades. They have undergone transformation and transition to a new situation while experiencing major changes. The present research studies the structural and functional changes in the southern part of District 6 of Tehran Municipality, including Iranshahr, Valiasr, University of Tehran and Jamalzadeh as a number of the most important areas of the city. Since these areas have been considered by various organizations and departments in recent decades, data related to their structural and functional changes can be obtained. For this purpose, first, the related scientific sources in the literature have been studied. Then, using field surveys, changes in the functions of the study area have been investigated. Finally, using GIS Software and methods of spatial statistics analysis, the structural and functional changes in the neighborhoods and zoning of the changes have been investigated. The results show that in recent years, parts of residential buildings in the study area have been used for non-residential functions and in the meantime, the University of Tehran neighborhood has experienced the most changes. The findings showed that by passing through the northern part of the region to the south, the amounts of residential uses decreased while the number of administrative, commercial, educational-cultural, service and mixed uses increased. Continuation of this situation caused the formation of a purely official and commercial space without considering the suitable ratios. These all have led to problems in the region and the city of Tehran.

Iranian Takiyehs, which epitomize the link among time, place, and people, are unique as they are the only open urban spaces with religious function in the Muslim urban-planning culture. Understanding the architectural features and the design principles in such buildings can contribute to the physical continuity of a culture in its environment and also to the identification of Iranian cities. This paper and research answered to two questions: First, what factors contributed to the formation of the structure of the Mo’aven Al-Molk Takiyeh? And second, did a particular pattern contribute to the formation of the ratios, the skeleton, and the architectural spaces of the Takiyeh? To this end, the ratios, the accessibility and the hierarchy of the sections of the Takiyeh were examined in order to fulfill the objective of this paper; that is, to identify the spatial-structural pattern of the Mo’aven Al-Molk Takiyeh of Kermanshah. Therefore, a descriptive-analytical method was used to conduct the study. Data collection procedures included library studies, documentary studies including the examination of the existing plans, field observations, measuring the dimensions, and matching the existing plans to the findings, which resulted in identifying the original pattern of the building prior to its restoration and renovation. The obtained results showed that following the central courtyard design due to the cold climatic conditions of the region and considering the introversion issue are among the factors affecting the structural design of this valuable monument. Furthermore, other factors such as the ratio of the open to closed spaces, the spatial interconnection and hierarchy, the clarity, and the balance of the sections of this monument have given rise to the cohesive skeleton and configuration of its structure, despite the fact that its sections were joined together at different times.

In Iranian paintings, the element of nature, particularly trees are reflected abundantly and was considered as the pillar and foundation of existence, the connection between earth and sky the basis of the universe. Moreover, the mentioned symbol was a sign of birth, growth, development, death, resurrection, stable existence and immortality. The role of the tree has been used in the historical monuments of the Islamic period. One of the beautiful structures of the Safavid period is the Chehelsoton Palace. The issue under study is the presence of the tree motif in the mentioned structure and its role and purpose. The research approach is qualitative and data analysis is accomplished via a descriptive-analytical manner. Data and information is collected from library sources, online sources, as well as field observations. The findings of the research indicate that in the paintings of the Chehelsoton Palace of Isfahan, about 110 wall paintings decorated with the tree motif are identified. Further understanding of the occurrence of the tree designs, necessitated this research. The role of the tree is mostly inspired by the tangible nature and the actual trees located in the garden of this mansion that are drawn and painted in various manners (elm, sycamore, cypress, blossom and fruit trees). Likewise, the motifs do not only bestow a purely decorative aspect due to their proximity and relationship between human beings and other elements, but also behold a thematic and conceptual aspect.

1. A study and analysis of tree designs in the paintings of Chehelsoton Palace in Isfahan in terms of form and content.
2. A reflection on the effective sources in designing the tree motifs of the Chehelsoton Palace.

 Research questions:

1. What is the role and position of the tree motif in the paintings of the Chehelsoton Palace from a structural and thematic point of view?
2. What was the basis and approach of the artist in designing the various tree motifs?

The relation between texture, pattern and massing is a fundamental question in architecture. Classical architecture, as Leon Battista Alberti states in De Re Ae dificatoria, Book VI, Chapter 2, is developed through massing and structure first; texture is added afterwards to give the bold massing and structure beauty [Rietherand and Baerlecken, 2008: 2]. This hierarchy has of course been challenged throughout architecture history.

In the literature review, most researchers have done focus on pattern of Islamic ornamentation based on the interior vision and exterior pattern effect is not considering by researchers. This paper will provide a different thinking of the relationship of massing and texture in Persian Architecture based on tower temple in Khorasan that built in Qaznavi and Saljoughi era.
After that, we consider the role of the ornamental pattern on shaping building structure. Since this research were done based on mathematic and geometric systems, the main research way in this paper is logical deduction.
One of the main important result of this research is the meaningful relationship between ornamental pattern and structural in Iranian Architecture.

Particular attention to the relationship between architecture and nature, especially in the past three decades, has flourished a very distinctive accomplishments, and yet more useful than the past, in terms of the emergence of new architectural approaches as well as the coordination of new technologies, such as nanotechnology..
Structure, as one of the essential components of architecture, is of particular importance. Different and sometimes contradictory approaches to designing structure and architecture, "with" each other or "on" each other, may create different qualities and affect the value of architecture and structure. Relying on the fact that the dialogue between the architect and the designer of the structure is one of the necessities of creating an architectural work, this paper puts a substantial emphasis on the learning of structural sciences by the architects and their mastery in the recognition of structural principles. Furthermore, with a critical look at the adherence of architecture to structure and the key role of naturalism the paper seeks out the origins of this problem in the method of structure training for architects.
The pathology of failure to realize the use of nature strategies for the harmony of architecture and structure in the current architecture of Iran is the main research question in this study.
This research has been based on three pillars of analysis, assessment and evaluation. In the first step, using a causal-comparative research methodology, the challenges of naturalism in architectural techniques after the industrial revolution are addressed and the position of structure in the naturalistic approach of these styles is evaluated. In the second step, applying interpretive-historical research method, the critics of architecture under discussion are addressed and the achievements of nature in architecture and in particular structure in academic arena are then pointed out. The survey and analysis with the help of SPSS software is the last instrument used for assessment and evaluation in this research. It should be noted that in this survey, the structural and experimental knowledge of the architect in forms, structures and natural structures were considered as the independent variables, whereas the design skills of architect in the harmony of architecture and structure using more naturalist strategies were considered as the dependent variable.
Comparison of previous research with the survey indicates that the failure of Iran's current architecture for the harmony with structure and better exploitation of nature is due to the incorrect reception of the Iranian public architecture in this area, which is often formed in the area of education. Finally, this research accentuates on the purposeful change in teaching method of technical courses to improve the understanding of the behavior and structures by architects. Suggestions to improve such an important phenomenon in professional workspace are also presented.

Diverse and various researches which have been conducted in recent hundred years in the area of Islamic city, has made the accumulation of a great volume of theoretical texts in which the views are diverse, sometimes contradictory with a grave differences. This broadness and diversity and in some cases conflicts, has brought about ambiguity and confusion of researchers in this field in particular the young researchers and also it has made the true understanding of the limits of these studies associated with certain problems. On this basis, in the present research, it has been tried to elaborate and analyze the contents of the main existing and available sources in the area of study of Islamic city and the attitude prevailing on it. This will pave way to remove the problems and will help with detection and selection a proper attitude in the future studies to develop the theoretical foundations of the Islamic city. The results of this research, which has been made aiming at paving grounds for the compilation of the theoretical foundations of Islamic city and in descriptive-analytical and documented based methods, indicate the rule of three main morphologic (form-oriented), structural-oriented and de-constructional(critical) attitudes and some sub-attitudes or tendencies in this area.

The Byzantine Art belogs to the world of christianity. The world of christianity has some characteristics which generally reflect the art works belonging to the christian era. Any interpretation, critic and studies of the Byzantine era Art is possible only if it is done on the basis of knowing the world it belongs to. The core of chritian world is the sacred writ and the divine words. The advent of the Christ is the beginning point of the christian world. The word divine has uncovered a total of world which stems in the merit, glory and beauty and the light of God. To understand and interprete the Byzantine art requires a deep perception of the christian wold. The presence of a sacred fact in a picture and picture interpretation to refer to the sacred fact is the theme of the Byzantine art.