نشریه بوطیقای معماری
پیاپی 2 (پاییز 1400)

In the theoretical literature, there are different types of carpets called tree carpets, garden carpets, four-garden carpets, and heavenly carpets. According to some experts, the maps of these Iranian carpets include different narratives of garden and paradise carpets. And its symbolic concepts are still under discussion and research. The research method in the first stage is descriptive and geometrical content analysis of carpet motifs with simulation analysis software that has benefited from library studies and applied graphics (SA). The findings of the research show that in the design of garden carpets, in addition to the general garden format, streams and gardens are regularly included in the text of the work, and usually the two main axes are two streams of water on the background of the carpet. Has divided it into four parts (four Iranian gardens plan) which contains an allegorical concept of heaven.

The epistemological point of view of Iranians in the planning and construction of gardens and campuses can be evaluated and reviewed in the context of various approaches, among which the two approaches of "climatic ecology" and "obligatory ecology" are more important. To be On the other hand, Iranians have never seen their interaction and the way they deal with the environment apart from their culture and religion, and it is in the context of this that Iranian garden architects are trying to create an allegorical meaning of heaven in Iranian gardens and campuses. Make a show Based on this, in this article, in a comparative analytical approach and by referring to the verses of the Holy Qur'an, interpretations and narrations, it has been tried to show the effects of these concepts on the elements and components of the garden by referring to the Holy Qur'an's view of heaven and heavenly gardens. Iran should be mentioned to confirm that commitment ecology has been effective in Iranian Islamic garden and campus construction. The results of this research show that the nature of the Iranian garden has an allegorical concept of heaven, which shows itself in the elements of Iranian gardens, especially the four gardens of the Safavid era.

The two concepts of "urban sustainability" and "sustainable urban development" are used interchangeably due to the convergence of meanings, while sustainability includes a set of situations that continues over time. That sustainable development evokes a process in which sustainability can appear. Since sustainability in an ecosystem, especially an urban ecosystem, does not happen according to predetermined principles, but a stable and dynamic state occurs in it, that is, in simpler terms, sustainable development in an environment or country by considering Ecological power, human power and financial resources belonging to that natural environment or urban structure can be realized, the necessity of evaluating this concept in every science with a specific field of thought in a territorial territory seems to be a basic and necessary matter. Local scales. The approach of the current research is an analytical and descriptive approach that has used most of the available sources in the context of library and documentary studies and studies conducted in the past years in Iranian landscape architecture and landscape design. The findings of the present research can be considered the principles and components related to the concept of sustainability in landscape architecture in the approach of landscape localization and landscape architecture, which is necessary and at the same time necessary in the process of interventions in the field of planning and designing the current landscape of Iran for Maximum compliance with the environmental components, cultural and social conditions, and the ruling executive and management structure should be given attention.

Baked brick is one of the world's building materials, produced by a thousand-year-old technology, and plays an essential role as one of the basic materials in construction and building. These widely used materials are used in (façade construction, skeleton construction, porcelain chairs, wall construction, arches and covering all kinds of arches, carpet floors). Considering the abundant use of bricks, the optimization of such an industry in the modern era today and in the future will bring about a big step towards the industrialization of buildings. The current article aims to scientifically investigate and how smart bricks work, including high resistance, high thermal control, reduction of energy consumption, passage of facilities (pipes and cables), ease of construction, its application in facades. Building and storing solar energy which leads to reducing heat loss and stores heat and cold in itself. The final goal of the research is building buildings with higher construction speed, cost reduction, energy storage, high strength and durability, higher heat capacity, lighter, etc. from the methods of construction using the poltrogen system. Be Also, the conversion of biological paradigms to the construction of buildings, the transfer of structure and system definition features from biological models to systems, includes special innovative non-structural processes. The challenge of building biomimetic and bio-inspired structures includes providing methods and trends that allow the mapping of biological characteristics in the form of drawings related to production. The methodological approach requires validating and confirming existing production methods on a small scale (models, primary cells) to transfer the findings to the production of structural components. In addition, biological characteristics that cannot be reproduced by existing methods require further adjustment or development of new methods for proper transfer. The basic condition for the further development of such production processes is the possibility of producing complex structures based on biological strategies that are related to resource and energy consumption, waste production, and greenhouse gas emissions.

Bank buildings are considered as one of the most energy consuming centers despite its important role in urban sustainable design and architecture. This research has attempted to investigate the effectiveness of utilizing Green Architecture characteristics and the principles of climate compatible architecture on reducing the amount of energy consumption in a central bank building. In pursuit of this purpose, the building was renovated by considering the principles and characteristics of green architecture and hot and dry climate-compatible architecture, for example, changing the plumping systems, replacing the old cooling towers with low consumption, high life span towers, creating concrete pools to save water and collect rain water, constructing the necessary foundations for using solar panels, building and providing green spaces, and using intelligent lighting system, insulating panels, and local materials and resources. In the next stage, Design Builder software and other field studies such as monitoring energy bills were used to measure the effectiveness of this renovation on the matter of decreasing energy consumption of this bank building were studied. The findings of Design Building and the analysis indicate that the performed renovations have led to a reduction in carbon dioxide emissions, have decreased the annual consuming fuel and the consumption of electricity and gas. Moreover, the climate related findings show that the annual fuel breakdown have improved in the renovated building in comparison with the old building. As a result, it can be said that applying the characteristics of green architecture and observing the principles of climate compatible architecture leave significant influences on reduction of energy consumption and leads to the comfort and welfare among the bank staffs and customers.

In the direction of sustainable rural development and the enjoyment of a sustainable livelihood for the villagers, it is possible to take advantage of the complementary activities of agriculture in the villages. It provides welfare services and facilities in the context of improving the quality of life and balanced distribution in the village. On the other hand, Iran's villages have natural attractions, potential social, cultural and environmental resources and potentials, it is a commitment in the development of rural tourism. The research method is a survey with the method of analyzing strategic factors in Masuleh, which was carried out in 1401. In the present research, which uses the survey and meta-analysis method, an attempt has been made to explain the position of tourism in the development of ecotourism in Masuleh in the framework of strategic factor analysis (SWOT) in addition to evaluating and revising the approaches of rural tourism development. The findings of the research show that the type of approach in the development process of functional, strategic, structural and strategic rural tourism, along with the commitment to sustainable rural development, can be effective in the planning process of rural tourism. Also, the development of health centers and infrastructures are among the main priorities for the development of ecotourism in Masuleh.