جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « thermal comfort » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

Today, the rapid growth of urbanization and the increasing trend of greenhouse gas emissions, which continue to increase despite international efforts, have aggravated the climate change issue. Reaching an approach that balances the natural and built environment is one of the most essential human objectives in forming a favorable environment. To achieve such a goal, planning and designing cities in line with the principles of climate design is the primary and most crucial concern in this field of activity. The proposed criteria will encourage the process of becoming more energy resilient by planning a holistic approach to various and complex aspects of cities and looking at cities as dynamic complex systems in each urban functional area. Urban resilience refers to the ability of an urban system and all the social, environmental, and technical networks that make it up, in time and space scales, to maintain or quickly return to the intended function in the face of disruption, to adapt to rapid change and transformation of systems that limit current or future adaptive capacity. In the field of urban energy, resilience is inevitably linked to the concept of sustainability. However, the new towns planned in Iran to respond to the problems of the greater mother city at the level of metropolitan areas have not sufficiently considered the climatic conditions and local characteristics in the design. Therefore, according to the necessity of strategies to reduce energy consumption in the increasing trend of climate change, this research aims to investigate and analyze urban physical form design principles with an energy-based resilience approach to improve Thermal Comfort in Sadra New Town on the northwestern edge of Shiraz, the capital of Fars province. For this purpose, library studies and quantitative measurement using ENVI-met sub-climatic analysis software have followed the descriptive-analytical research method. In the first step, energy resilience criteria based on global energy resilience rating systems and theoretical research conducted, including smart location, resources and energy, transportation and use, neighborhood form and development pattern, and placemaking, were identified as five layers. Then, after designing the main structure of a sample neighborhood in Sadra according to the explained criteria for the physical form and energy-based resilient design and the physical and climatic analysis of the site, a series of selected points were simulated in Envimet software for which the thermal comfort index or the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) was extracted in the hottest month of the year. The evaluation result showed that no part of the neighborhood is in the optimal temperature range. In other words, the area needs help in terms of the thermal comfort of pedestrians in the summer season during the hot hours of the day. Finally, design guidelines and regulations were presented on a smaller scale by measuring the plan’s deviation from thermal comfort standards compared to the physical design, sky visibility factor, and other climatic indicators. The outcome of this research is to re-composing physical form with an energy-based resilience approach in an urban neighborhood, presenting strategies and policies that are extensible to new developments.

The integration of architectural and urban spaces with local climate conditions is crucial for ensuring building sustainability and achieving key objectives in sustainable development. Climate designers and architects have long emphasized the study of environmental data to understand diverse climate behaviors. Climate-friendly architecture aims to harmonize building designs with their natural surroundings. This study focuses on Qaleh Bala Biarjamand village, located in Shahroud city, Semnan province. The central inquiry revolves around identifying climate-responsive architectural solutions using thermal comfort indicators specific to this village. Employing a descriptive-analytical method with a quantitative approach, the study draws insights from field studies spanning 18 years and reputable meteorological sources. The research identifies a framework based on principles outlined by Olgi, Evans, Mahoney, and Givoni, emphasizing the use of natural energy resources. Findings underscore strategies tailored to the village's cold and dry climate, such as adopting compact, densely textured designs, reducing surface-area-to-volume ratios, and employing heavy materials with high heat capacity in southern walls. Additionally, minimizing window sizes emerges as a viable strategy to enhance climate-friendly architecture in this context.

The expansion of urban societies caused significant changes in the living environment of humans. These changes caused many problems, including the increase in thermal tensions and lack of thermal comfort in the cities. Among these changes is the presence of artificial surfaces in urban spaces, which have replaced natural surfaces and include a high percentage of the surface of cities. The difference in the characteristics of the artificial surfaces has made their impact on the thermal comfort conditions of the environment different compared to the natural surfaces. In this research, sidewalks, which include a large part of artificial surfaces in cities, are the subject of study, and the effects of changes in their characteristics on thermal comfort in open spaces are evaluated. Field measurements and numerical simulation methods were used in this study. Field measurements were carried out by a data logger on the campus of Imam Khomeini University of Qazvin. Also, numerical simulations were performed for the hottest day of the year (July 25, 1401) by modeling the site using Envimet software. The results of the data obtained from the simulations were validated with the measured data. Then two characteristics of pavement materials, albedo (reflection coefficient) and material thickness, were investigated in different amounts of simulation and the results obtained from their impact on the thermal comfort of the environment were evaluated by two indices of Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) and Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI). According to the results, albedo has a greater effect on thermal indices, and reducing its value from 0.8 to 0.2 to a maximum of 3 and an average of 0.4 degrees Celsius will cause a decrease in the thermal comfort index of PET. The thickness of the pavement materials was also evaluated, and the related results indicate the very small and partial effect of changes in this characteristic on the thermal comfort of the environment.

The level of thermal comfort in urban open spaces plays an important role in pedestrian health. Residential environments and open spaces of housing units require more comfortable temperatures. Courtyards as microclimate modifiers and common open spaces between urban and architectural scales can be a good passive strategy to increase thermal comfort and reduce energy demand of buildings. Therefore, it is necessary to quantify their temperature balancing effect in the prevailing summer and winter climates. Different urban forms provide different microclimates with different levels of comfort for pedestrians. The effects of urban microclimates on urban air quality and building energy use make them significant at a larger scale. Urban forms, shaped by the typology of buildings and the open space between them, have different impacts at different seasons. They meet the demand for compactness in summer to provide shelter from the sun and openness in winter to provide access to the sun. Therefore, to design a form that provides the best thermal conditions throughout the year, through the design of openings in the open space openings - height and width and position of the opening. In recent years, there has been increasing interest in the design of courtyards for microclimatic improvement of outdoor spaces. However, there is still little knowledge about the thermal performance characteristics of courtyards, especially in cold and semi-arid climates.In this study, we measure the effects of different forms of courtyards on thermal comfort and climatic forces, including wind and radiation, using ENVI-met software by selecting a neighborhood unit in Sabzevar city. To this end, we have kept all design factors constant, including the height of adjacent blocks, vegetation, and materials, except for the openings of the adjacent courtyard. We studied the forms of the interrupted central courtyard, the closed central courtyard, and the U-shaped courtyard, and compared the thermal comfort of the open space in terms of the UTCI and PET indices. These three forms of the inner courtyard were analyzed for the hottest and coldest day so far in the cold and semi-arid climate of Sabzevar. ENVI-met was used to simulate outdoor air temperature, mean radiant temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity, and to convert these data to Physiological Equivalent Temperature (PET) and universal thermal climate index (UTCI).The results show that the air temperature, mean radiant temperature, wind speed, and relative humidity are affected by the shape of the courtyard and the openings and play an important role in achieving optimal thermal comfort. The results show that the enclosed courtyard provides better protection from wind and radiation in this cold and semi-arid climate and is more successful from the point of view of thermal comfort. The results show that the enclosed courtyards provide better protection from wind and radiation in this cold and semi-arid climate and is closer to the thermal comfort range than the U-shaped courtyards from the thermal comfort point of view, with 4.88 and 7.73 degrees in the summer solstice and 4.01 and 1.28 degrees in the winter solstice in the UTCI and PET indices, respectively.

Achieving spaces with high quality and efficiency to ensure the security and comfort of the human body and mind is one of the most important goals of sustainable architecture. The history of climate design in our country dates back to several thousand years ago. By studying the indigenous buildings in each climate, it is clear that they are designed entirely on the basis of climatic principles and in order to make maximum use of natural energy and deal with annoying cold and heat. The use of mechanical systems in today's architecture, along with providing comfort, has created negative environmental and economic consequences. While looking at the experiences of predecessors in indigenous architecture, the approach of improving the quality of architecture can be seen in creating spaces with the principles of climate design. One of the climatic design strategies for achieving thermal comfort in summer has been the creation of pond spaces in traditional houses with cold climates. In this research, the space of the pool house “howz-khâne” and the role of water in it and it's relation on the thermal comfort of the residents of the pool house, a case study of the pool house of Qadaki house in Tabriz, has been studied Then, based on the maps and the existing situation, the case is modeled. The presence of details in the geometry makes the process of simulation and achieving results difficult, so simplifications and the integrity of the model have been considered. Therefore, in order to accurately estimate the results in this study, the Energy Plus simulation engine was used. The energy model was first created in the Grasshopper user interface, which is a graphical and parametric programming environment in Rhino software. In the modeling process, a simplified volumetric model of the summer residence of Qadaki House was generated using Rhino software's own tools and then converted into an energy model using the Ladybug plugin in the Grasshopper environment. The simulated thermal comfort was determined using temperature and relative humidity during the day, PMV comfort patterns, temperature sensation, PPD dissatisfaction percentage and biological thermal adaptation of individuals in summer for the zoning. Different zonings have been done in two modes of presence and absence of water in the pool house. The results of the simulations indicate that the presence of water has a significant effect on reducing the temperature and increasing the relative humidity, satisfaction and biological adaptation of the inhabitants.

Comfort is one of the key factors in the desirability and psychological compatibility of architecture. Also, skin refitting processes can guide refitting processes and redefine it. At present, the idea of dynamic proportionality is widely used in architecture, such as adaptation and response, although these concepts seem to be similar to natural patterns, but their similarity to the existing processes of nature remains debatable. In this article, through the descriptive research method, the basics and definitions related to the subject are given, and in the next step, due to the lack of similar experience in studies and researches in the country, by using the comparative research method, all existing and available global experiences are collected. They are collected and categorized, and then some of the best experiences mentioned are explained and finally, the original conclusion of the research is presented. The research results have shown that in adaptive fitment, the possible scenarios for fitment ability define the fitting criteria of a building and the designer develops a specific strategy (change/transition/change/adaptation) to optimize these criteria. According to the findings of this research, the possible and future-oriented scenarios regarding the building envelope can be grouped into two categories: changing needs and patterns, the 6 main factors of psychological adaptation and thermal comfort in architecture in the adaptation of the skin and building shells related to the patterns are: 1) the naturalness of the space, 2) expectations, 3) experience, 4) duration of presence, 5) perceptual control, 6) environmental stimulation, 7) culture, 8) visual and aesthetic factors, 9) native and non-native factors. Being and 10) the time factor are the changes that are expanded in various conditions of thermal comfort.

In this study, we examined the effect of natural ventilation on internal climate conditions with regard to the hygrothermal performance of the building envelopes during critical thermal conditions in Golestan province’s mountainous areas. Such research has not been conducted in the mountainous areas of Golestan, particularly in recently constructed buildings and this research demonstrates the ineffectiveness of new buildings providing acceptable thermal conditions for its residents. The thermal comfort conditions of the residents were evaluated using a questionnaire to assess the comfort zone and the sources of their discomfort throughout the warm months of the year. According to the questionnaire findings, one of the reasons for the residents' concern and discomfort was the high humidity of the space, which ranged between 58.8% and 65%. Then, utilizing environmental data collected at the research location, we simulated the hygrothermal performance of the building envelopes using WUFI software to evaluate their effect on indoor climate conditions when natural ventilation was used. The hypothesis of this study is that natural ventilation is incapable of improving the climate conditions inside the building during critical situations. According to the findings, the present building's envelopes have little effect on reducing the relative humidity of the area, and even when natural ventilation is used, the relative humidity fluctuates based on the conditions in the exterior space, and comfort conditions are still not provided. It should be highlighted that the simulation findings reveal that using natural ventilation in critical thermal circumstances raises the temperature of the indoor air. Finally, the study's findings demonstrate that present construction methods and the lack of usage of vernacular architectural features, cause a lack of thermal comfort in the interior of the building during occurance of critical thermal conditions, even when natural ventilation is used.

In today's era, the environmental crisis and energy shortage have become a big challenge for architects, investors and users of the building industry. One of the architectural design requirements in the process of achieving the optimal building in terms of energy consumption is the amount of receiving and maintaining (not receiving) the temperature from the sun's radiation in order to create thermal comfort for residents and users. mechanical engineers have joined the help of architects and have shared their views about life in space. Basically, the architecture of the space is a generalization of the architecture of the earth, and since about 40% of the energy consumption is in the building sector, the use of active and passive heating (and cooling) ways helps significantly to reduce energy consumption, in this research, while identifying the effective components in the physical and environmental structure of the design of a sustainable habitat on Mars, by creating a configuration inspired by dome building and suitable for the special climatic conditions of Mars, the factor of providing thermal comfort to the inhabitants of the habitat with the optimal combination of layers of glass and Let's examine the Martian concrete material. In this study, the research method "simulation and modeling" is used, and the materials and method to achieve this goal is the use of computer simulation. by increasing the level of Martian concrete and decreasing the level of glass, the incoming radiation has less opportunity to exit the domain and the energy loss has decreased.

Thermal comfort has always been one of the primary goals of architectural design. Many studies have addressed indoor thermal comfort. However, less attention has been paid to outdoor thermal comfort. Outdoor spaces need to be equally emphasized because of the occurrence of daily activities in them. Open spaces play a unique role in the spatial structure of traditional Iranian architecture. Mosques are among the most important buildings in the history of Iranian architecture. With the spread of Islam in the early centuries of Hijri, many mosques were constructed in the great province of Khorasan, some of which are still standing. Most of these mosques have open spaces that are built based on the climate; therefore, they are among the best sources of modeling for contemporary architecture to achieve thermal comfort. Thus, the research questions of the present study can be expressed as follows: What is the range of thermal comfort in the open spaces of Khorasan mosques based on the PMV index? What are the optimal geometry patterns of mosque courtyards in the Khorasan region to achieve thermal comfort? In order to answer the questions, ENVI-MET4 simulation software was used.

The approach of the current study in terms of its purposes and methodology is applied research and quantitative respectively. In the first stage of the study, the form, dimensions, and proportions of the yard and the percentage of open to closed spaces of the traditional mosques of Khorasan province were analyzed through an analytical method, based on library studies. The courtyards of the traditional mosques were categorized, the patterns governing them were extracted, and thermal comfort was evaluated. Four sample cities were selected based on four different climatic zones. In the second stage, using the simulation method, the models were made on July 23rd during the summer solstice for the four cities in the ENVI-MENT 4 software. The simulation results were illustrated and analyzed in the Leonardo software, and the PMV thermal comfort index was used.

Three types of mosque courtyards in the mentioned cities were analyzed. Based on the PMV index and the comparison of plan structures, the results revealed that in Qochan City, the plan with a square geometry is close to the thermal comfort range. In Mashhad, a rectangular courtyard with an extension in the direction of the Qibla is the best option to achieve thermal comfort in open spaces. Moreover, in the city of Sabzevar, the rectangular plan perpendicular to the Qibla direction, and in the city of Tabas, the rectangular plan parallel to the Qibla direction were identified as the best models of thermal comfort.

The proportions and forms of the courtyards are square in the high foothills; rectangular in line with the Qibla in the low foothills; rectangular in the direction of the Qibla in the plains, and rectangular in the direction of the Qibla in the desert climate. Considering the joy of outdoor worship, it is necessary to design the courtyard in such a way that it can provide comfortable conditions as a subclimate, particularly during hot summer days.

The rapid growth of urbanisation in contemporary era has increased the human need for open space. One of the most important principles of open space design is to pay attention to thermal comfort in order to improve the quality of space and satisfy users. Numerous factors affect the thermal comfort quality of open spaces including shading; one of the most important ones. This study investigates the effect of shade on students' thermal comfort at Shahrood University of Technology in Iran during the hot season. For this purpose, field studies were conducted including the measurement of major climatic parameters, as well as the evaluation of the thermal perception of students by using thermal comfort questionnaires at four types of location in campus (under plants shade, building shade, horizontal shading (canopy), and sunlight) simultaneously. The Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET) is used here as a thermal comfort index. The neutral PET value of 21.9 °C and the maximum value in the PET comfort range of 26.9 °C are obtained for this study. The results show that there is a significant relationship between the location and the thermal comfort. The plants shade creates an acceptable thermal environment with more than 80% user satisfaction. After that, the canopy and the building shade also provide environmental satisfaction for the majority of people, while the most uncomfortable condition is in the sunlight position. Shaded locations decrease the PET value and thermal stress on sunny days and increase comfort levels as well as comfort hours during the day. Therefore, it can be concluded that creating shade and blocking direct solar radiation using vegetation or building elements can significantly improve outdoor thermal comfort during the hot season.

A large part of Iran is located in a hot and dry climate and due to it, has a high amount of sun absorption. Indoor temperature comfort systems play a major role in energy consumption in various parts of the building, and by applying passive design methods such as solar chimneys can help maintain comfortable thermal conditions in buildings and reduce energy consumption. In this study, a thermal performance evaluation of the temperature distribution was performed by Design Builder simulation program in a building with office use in Kerman. Is. Then, by applying the chimney form variables, temperature changes and thermal comfort were studied at different angles to improve the effectiveness of solar chimneys at angles of 40 to 90 degrees in 10 degree steps relative to the horizon by solving the parameters of average air velocity and The volumetric flow rate of the flow was determined and finally, using the fluid dynamics (CFD) method of Design Builder software, the temperature distribution and the flow of air were investigated. Percentage can optimize the total energy consumption by about 16% and increase the thermal comfort index from its average value in July from 2.97 units to 2.25 units. Meanwhile, the average value of thermal comfort index in January has risen from -2.93 to -2.24 and its values ​​are closer to the standard range of Ashrae 55 and ISO 7730. However, an independent solar chimney is not able to meet the thermal comfort significantly in extreme hot weather,, and other solutions are needed to provide proper ventilation.

Studies show that the temperature has increased in recent decades and we are facing the heat island phenomenon. This phenomenon has a negative effect on thermal comfort of the residents, and in this sense, cities have faced many challenges, including changes in microclimates and using more energy. Therefore, there is an urgent need for thermal adjustment solutions. Considering that vegetation is one of the most common ways to improve thermal comfort in cities, this research aims to investigate how natural elements such as vegetation and water affect thermal comfort in the courtyards of a number of historical houses in Isfahan. For this purpose, a number of historical houses with central courtyard in Isfahan city are modeled and simulated by Envimet 4 software, and the results related to the changes of Predicted Mean Vote index for the first day of July are calculated. The relationship between natural elements and thermal comfort index is investigated by univariate and multiple regression methods. The changes of thermal comfort index over time show that vegetation can always improve thermal comfort in the microclimate of central courtyard. Regression analysis shows that the factor with the greatest effect on improving thermal comfort is tree cover, while grass and water have a little negative effect on thermal conditions in some hours. Trees both reduce Predicted Mean Vote under the canopy and also reduce the average of index in the whole courtyard in summers of hot arid climates.

In this article, we examine the thermal comfort levels of residents living in new facilities in the mountainous area of Aliabad Katul in the Golestan province. This area has its own climatic conditions and is influenced by moderate climate conditions due to its location in the southern region of the Caspian Sea. Golestan is located in the temperate and humid region of the shores of the Caspian Sea. The more we move to the east on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea, the less humidity and rainfall. In this area, the average temperature is between 25 and 30 degrees Celsius in summer and 0 and 5 degrees Celsius in winter. The four selected buildings are located in the mountainous area of Rig Cheshme and are built on two floors and the second floor is 3 meters above the ground, and each floor has an area of 45 square meters. The south porch is 10.3 meters in length and 2.95 meters in width. Most of the primary openings are located in this area of the building, which also serves as the main entry to the units. These buildings have one bedroom, one bathroom and six openings. These buildings were chosen for the study because all the new buildings in the area was strikingly similar to them in terms of construction techniques, materials, and their floor plans. The sole heating source in the main room is a wood fireplace, while the only cooling source in the building is a ceiling fan. These buildings are influenced by the local traditional architecture, including broad porches on the southern side that face the valley. In this study, the participants' comfort levels were assessed, and their opinions were gathered utilizing the assembled questionnaires. Two data loggers were also employed to capture the relative humidity and air temperature of the inside and outside environments at the same time the questionnaires were being completed. For one week in July, the hours for collecting opinions and gathering data were 10:00–18:00. Since July has the warmest weather of the year, there is a higher than usual demand for cooling solutions during this month. One data logger is placed outside (on the south porch and in the shade) at a height of 1.2 meters, while the other is placed inside the residences in the center of the room at the same height. Cross ventilation was set up and air flow speed was monitored during the data collection period in order to examine the impact of air flow intensity on relative humidity and air temperature within the building. The volume of the questionnaire was set at 100 since this study was conducted in high-altitude regions and in Ali Abad Katul villages with a population of less than 1000 people. These questionnaires were not passed out to those under the age of 18 or those over the age of 60 in order to validate the research's findings, and the ones they filled out were also removed. considering the area's limited population, 87 completed questionnaires were chosen for this study. The validity and reliability of the questionnaire were checked using the SPSS 26 program. We utilized the Cronbach's alpha test for this reason; the Cronbach's alpha value is equal to 0.816, which shows moderate and acceptable reliability, when examining at questions on the same spectrum concerning people's responses to their thermal sensations and reactions. The surveys gather information on people's age, body mass index (BMI), length of residency, thermal sensation, thermal expectations, sources of discomfort in the space, and hours of discomfort. Finally, the findings were examined by investigating various aspects of people's comfort levels. According to the study's findings, those who had lived in the area for a longer time were more adapted to its environmental conditions, and a factor like clothing had no impact on whether they felt comfortable or uncomfortable. The day's maximum temperature occurred in the afternoon, and the presence of high relative humidity in the air and a lack of natural ventilation are two factors that led to people's discomfort. For this study, the regression slope is 0.329, the neutral temperature is 26.1°C, and the acceptable range is 22.9°C to 29.5°C (for the 90% of people's comfort).

Extended Abstract Humans have always tried to build shelters in nature that are compatible with the climate to provide the best conditions for their survival. Exploiting the climate and weather conditions of each region in architecture is one of the important issues that has attracted the attention of Iranian and foreign researchers in architecture and urban planning research, and it has even influenced the quality of domestic architecture. In addition, in today’s science, it is proven that design will be a very costly process without considering the features and climatic factors. One of the most important factors that is effective in improving the quality of the indoor environment is the concept of thermal comfort. Thermal comfort is a mental condition that expresses satisfaction with the thermal environment. According to the important role of the openness as an index of control of comfort conditions and air flow in the interior, it will play an important role. Investigating the capabilities and comparing the internal thermal comfort of residents under the influence of construction openings are studied the present research. The current research method is quantitative and thermal comfort is calculated by PMV method. At first, the thermal comfort of the traditional and modern houses changed under the influence of construction openings in the hot season is investigated, then the Percentage People Dissatisfied (PPD) was compared in both open and closed openings in modern and traditional houses and ultimately the most effective factor in reducing the amount PPD dissatisfaction is estimated. In order to investigate the performance of openings in the semi-hot and dry climate of Shiraz, temperature, humidity and wind were measured by a data logger and, with the help of estimation of dissatisfaction and PPD, PMV was extracted. Therefore, in the process of research, a comparison was made between the internal thermal comfort of a traditional house and a modern apartment, and the analyzes were made under the influence of openness in two different states; The first opening mode is fully open and the second opening mode is closed. Opening windows has a great effect on thermal comfort as well as reducing energy consumption, so its correct evaluation is important and accordingly, the newly developed opening model is designed based on the activity pattern and density of people. In examining the results of field observations and comparing internal thermal comfort under the influence of openings in a traditional house and a modern apartment in Shiraz through PMV calculation, the effect of each of the factors of temperature, humidity and wind speed on the amount of PMV was analyzed. The results of the research indicate that the predicted percentage of dissatisfaction with the predicted mean vote in open window mode at traditional house is 18% and close mode is 59%. This index in open window at apartment is 61% and close mode is 91%. The opening studied in the traditional house was the five-door opening; therefore, it played a more significant role in creating indoor thermal comfort.  The thermal suitability of the indoor environment of the building, in addition to providing comfort for the residents, will save energy, enhance health and productivity and also improve the morale of the residents. In the present research, openness and opening of the most important indicators of comfort conditions in the interior space were investigated and functionally evaluated. Therefore, the five-door of the traditional house played an effective role in creating thermal comfort. The analysis of the research shows that the design of the types of openings, the dimensions and sizes of the openings in traditional buildings are such that the opening of the interior spaces are within the comfort range during most of the hot season. The noteworthy point of the opening dimensions is the approximate equality of the opening area with the total area of transparent surfaces, their frequency and repetition, as well as the optimal fit of the opening dimensions with the dimensions of the interior space. In general, it can be assumed that opening will play an effective role in indoor cooling and ventilation. What is so much considered today in sustainable design is featured in the principles of Iranian architecture, which is known as an amenity in building spaces. Subsequently, the quality of the indoor environment depends on other factors, such as the quality of light, visibility and scenery, in addition to thermal comfort.

Thermal comfort in semi-hot and dry climates is one of the main factors for the presence of people in open urban spaces. The present research seeks to achieve a greater presence of people and reduce heat stress for the comfort quality of the micro-climate of the garden. Each of the artificial components of Jahathe n Nama Garden and the effective climatic conditions, has dealt with all of them. Thermal comfort has always been one of the main factors in architecture and urban planning, and among the solutions that respond to climatic conditions, we can mention the Iranian gardens, which have had a great impact on modifying the climatic conditions of the environment since ancient times. Elements that cause human comfort and have natural and artificial dimensions and components. Due to this issue, the Iranian garden model has created green and pleasant spaces for comfort and tranquility and the presence of people, which has been able to make the climatic conditions of the environment livable, desirable, and pleasant.

The research method is descriptive-analytical and, in terms of method, qualitatively and quantitatively simulated with Envi-met 4 basic software, which is selected by selecting eight points in the garden, on the first of July by comparing them with the PET thermal comfort index between points. Therefore, the research is based on two strategies of logical reasoning, library analysis on the one hand and quantitative measurement based on ENVI-met 4 basic simulation software. On the other hand, the effective components such as (the location and structure of the garden, and materials) are compared between the mentioned points. Ross data analysis was performed at 9 am, 12 noon, and 5 pm on the 1st of July, the hottest day of the year in the afternoon.

By examining the models (change of materials and orientation), the comfort conditions of the garden are improved and the change of orientation of the garden is more effective than the change of materials. Also, the average radiant temperature has the greatest effect on thermal comfort. R1=0/73  R3 = 0.70, R5 = 0.74, and R7 = 0.74 indicate their correlation. The artificial components of the Jahan Nama garden greatly affect the thermal comfort of the garden in hot seasons. 

 As a result, the choice of materials and proper orientation leads to controlling the rate of absorption of air temperature and circulation, which reduces heat stress. In the end, the research findings show that the synergy of the components of the Iranian garden in hot and semi-arid climates increases the thermal comfort in the microclimate of the garden and in creating urban open spaces with quality and optimal energy consumption Warm seasons and physical and mental health and reduction of heat stress are very important and the research findings are presented as a model that shows the synergy of these components to provide outdoor thermal comfort.

Advances in technology, industry, and science have had a profound effect on cities, lifestyle, and buildings. In the past, houses were formed according to the type of climate, culture, etc., but today, the forms without considering the climatic conditions and compatibility with nature and the environment, and simply because they have interesting forms to imitate architectural designs and styles. Other climates have been used in Iranian architecture. This has caused damage to nature and failure to meet functional needs and a lack of a sustainable and flexible building form to reduce the consumption of non-renewable energy sources. In the same room with and without a porch, arched porch and arched porch, variable height of the porch and other same conditions, variable depth and the rest Same conditions, width variable and other conditions are the same. In the whole of Energy Plus, the applied research method is based on library studies, experimental tests and the analysis method is based on the simulation results of Energy Plus software. Finally, the obtained result is The traditional architecture of Rasoulian House has been generalized and the design of the porch of the hotel rooms has been done according to the obtained findings. The simulation of building models in Energy Plus software and the study of temperature data show this simulation, which Arched porch on the south side, based on the model of native buildings in Yazd province, the internal temperature of the building can be reduced by 2 degrees Celsius, and based on this, the amount of thermal comfort can be significantly increased.