جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « راه » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

Road, as one of the important achievements of humankind, meets humans’ needs and shows the evaluation process of communication culture. Humans have always created a distinct environment by designing their surroundings and intervening the nature. This type of design and intervention in nature is one of the distinctive features of human civilization. But in the experience of the formation of urban spaces, today, humankind has reached a point of interference in the environment that sometimes he cannot tolerate; and sometimes seek refuge in nature to regain his sense of peace. The spaces covered by the roads are important as the urban and rural living spaces and require careful planning, management, and design. Engineering sciences intervene in nature by using technologies and paying less attention. This is despite the fact that the road is also a space for human life. Sometimes it becomes the destination and is the connecting line between origin and destination; it also welcomes people for hours. Based on field observations, library resources, and document analysis, this research proves that the road phenomenon requires more experts' reflection and should be the subject of a joint study with other sciences other than engineering sciences, including the knowledge of landscape architecture. Studying the road with a landscape approach and a more comprehensive view emphasizes strengthening the relationship between the road and its natural environment. Paying more attention to the natural areas of the road substrate, in addition to improving the quality of the road, will also strengthen travel safety conditions.

Reading the City may seem an endless task، a too large book. However، we all need a simple vision of the city to provide effectively fulfill our tasks، and for the City to continue to live and develop. So there must be a simple way of perceiving its structure and localization quickly، so as intuitively. In our work we develop the urban structure analysis by considering only the reversal reduced to a skeleton، the wired network of its streets. But the reconstruction of roads، and the measurement of a few simple indicators such as connectivity and accessibility، allows reading a structure and even a history of the city. Tehran Visits show over that the local treatment of buildings and roads is in agreement with the respective values of these indicators. This allows us to think that these indicators are essential، and that the processing corresponding to buildings and local roads allows us to read them intuitively and quickly. As the street is the most stable element in the city، it is therefore hoped that in its spatial geometry، there remains a trace of writing its development over time. This experience and the confrontation of the indicators calculated on maps and history and city، very positively، show that these calculations are carrying a real sense of the city، occupation، use، and history. The question is then how is it possible that automatic calculations on information as reduced as the skeleton of the city streets، may contain much information that seem relevant. The simplest explanation is precisely that the natural development of the city leads to the old ways better connected، and that the piercings and modern ways were able to obtain the same status of effectiveness. And the connectivity and accessibility indicators base a substantial part of the value of a street. As these simple criteria seem the most important، they guide people''s perception، their use، and finally the local treatment of the way. Of course these first observations need to be reinforced by new ones. And especially the variety of local tissues، their uses and their construction according to local traditions (residential areas، commerce، production، not structure the same way at different places and different times) should be deepened. This is already visible in the old bazaar around the habitats compared to recent areas of northern Tehran.

Language as one of the semiotic systems encounters the culture on the one hand and has an interrelationship with the people who live on that lingo-society on the other. According to several scientific experiments, language and environmental perception and recognition process are involved in shaping a unique phenomenon. Therefore, one can say that language can be considered as one of the most important tools or processes by which people can understand and communicate with the built environment. One of the methods that can be used for perceiving the depth of people’s cultures and beliefs is to refer to their language within the framework of cultural semiotics. Following the previous articles about the traditional urban as well as architectural elements in Iran, i.e. the meaning of “City”, “House” and “Garden” in Persian language, in this research, the words or signs related to “semantic field of connectional spaces” have been brought into academic spotlight.The modern needs and the rapid development of science and technology have resulted in the development of theories and physical elements in the field of urban planning and design which have been accepted as “important elements” in Iran. Consequently, there have been two major mistakes; firstly, we, as Iranians, forgot our own rich heritage and the basics that we have received from our ancestors, and secondly there were no acceptable plans for new evolutions and we were just an importer and even, in some cases, misunderstood the perception of imported subjective and objective environmental elements.The aim of this research is to explore the richness as well as the meaningfulness of language and environmental interconnectedness through studying Persian words associated with connectional spaces (Raah, Gozar, etc.). This will help with finding the common concepts in these phenomena as well as the holistic nature of the environmental elements in order to enrich them (from physical and lingo-cultural view) and try to provide appropriate conditions to apply them in the future. For this purpose, the above relationship has been represented by the help of the existing theories in semiotics, and especially linguistics. The method that has been applied for this research could be classified in phenomenology, and from methodological view it is categorized within the framework of content analysis.According to research results, there are many words or signs in Persian to refer to the semantic field of connectional spaces such as road, passage, way, etc. They indicate their different dimensions and aspects not only because of technical aspects but also from lingo-cultural perception and the cognition point of view. These aspects in Persian can be divided into six groups. The other major aim of this article is to show that regarding the existing patterns and meanings of words in Persian language, many new and modern concepts could be localized and deployed in order to make very strong interrelationships between environment, language, and the common perceptions of the environment.

Today, the various crises threaten our cities; urban cohesion has been exposed to disorder. Urban identity and unity-is one of the special characteristics of our ancient urban planning and designing-little by little have been forgotten. Confusion and lack of urban structure cohesion with street network expansion and dominance of cars in our cities are increased so dramatically that social life and citizenship laws put at risk over the past and cover anthropocentric and human scale. Autos and pedestrians are always involved in all urban fields. New needs change cities structure and take opportunities to adapt the old structure with the current operation of cities, they gradually weaken structure of the city and finally, they are expected separation and fragmentation. Therefore, it is absolutely necessary to organize transportation system and structure of urban activities in parallel and coordinately as the urban pathways act like an integrated whole and be perceived. Considering role importance of elements and structural statue of city in physical-spatial integration of urban context, this paper aims to explain the concept of structure, with emphasis on road and square elements and impact of this character on creating a coherent structure in the city are considered. Approach of this research provides a methodology in the analysis of structure based on studying and analyzing of architecture and urban design literature that framework for assessing the environmental quality that have formed based on concept of road and square and present it by descriptive and picture analyses. Research findings identify the main areas in Qazvin city that ensure social revival of city, and its physical integration, and provide solutions in order to their better enhance and performance.