جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Qashqai tribe » در نشریات گروه « هنر و معماری »

Decorative motifs on tombstones are a reflection of cultural, social and religious conditions that have been used in the form of animal, plant, geometric, human, inscription and symbolic motifs. The Qashqai tribe has played an important role in political and social events throughout history. Due to the importance and necessity of familiarity with the cultural and artistic background of different ethnic groups, the present study aims to investigate the myths of the motifs used in the tombstones of the Qashqai tribe in Isfahan and Shiraz (Hana village, Qomsheh Palace, Imamzadeh Emad al-Din and Qalat) by descriptive library and field approach. - An analyst answers these questions; 1- What concepts do the motifs used in these tombs express? 2- What is the connection between the motifs and the myths and culture of their regions? The results of this study show that the designs engraved on the tombstones have been created under the influence of three causes, mythological insights and religious beliefs and the influence of the environment. Also, the heroic aspect of the myth is important and has a great impact on the formation of these motifs. Considering that the tombstones are after the arrival of Islam in Iran, we conclude that the influence of Islam on these motifs is very high and also expresses interests. The individual attachments of the deceased and survivors, beliefs, location and time and are a manifestation of the culture of the community.

The present research has studied the architecture of nomads with a semiotic approach based on the originality of meaning. Architecture as a meaning is a reflection of ideas and values that to understand and receive its meanings, one should seek help from the science of signs, and since this science originates from philosophy, then it should be read from a philosophical point of view. be decoded. The science of semiotics and semantics are closely related to each other today. Basically, the sign represents semantic concepts; While the meaning can be seen in the sign. It is the same in the field of architectural knowledge, and for a better understanding of the relationship between architecture and the science of semiotics, it is necessary to pay attention to these two sciences and the relationship between them. But the most important category in the field of semantics is to pay attention to different levels of meanings, which in this research were divided into three types of explicit, implicit and symbolic meanings. In order to achieve the goal of the research, the coding of signs was used after layering the residential complex in five levels of construction, environment, access, physical-functional and landscape, and then each part was analyzed separately at different levels of meaning. took Basically, nomadic architecture itself is composed of various layers that convey signs in the form of meanings and concepts to the observer and observer through the layers. It seems that the art of nomadic architecture in the design of tents and the creation of sometimes temporary residences; It is formed with the principles of semiotics, especially based on the originality of meaning. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to prove the existence of signs in the residential complex of nomadic people based on the originality of meaning in nomadic architecture. In order to achieve this goal, questions are raised as to why it is necessary to study nomadic settlements and on what basis they are analyzed from a semiotic point of view. The research method of this research is of the theoretical type, which used the descriptive-analytical and historical method with qualitative variables and logical and philosophical reasoning in the data collection stage. to compile analyses; The generalities and structures of the studied collection have been made in the five systems of text creation, and by analyzing them, the concepts and signs used in them have been obtained, and then by coding and classifying the concepts in three semantic levels, explicit and implicit. and symbolic; has been extracted. Therefore, since the subject under discussion is studying the design of temporary settlements of nomadic tribes in Iran, the Qashqai nomadic tribe has been chosen due to having suitable conditions for coding. The results of the research indicate that temporary nomadic settlements, in addition to paying attention to the desired functional aspects in design, have tried to reflect spiritual and aesthetic concepts in the form of residential architecture. Therefore, it can be seen that in the architecture of nomadic tribes, the presence of signs and meanings hidden in them have been used to design temporary settlements.

Handmade carpet as one of the most important employment industries in nomadic and rural areas of Iran has experienced many ups and downs in recent decades. A proper and sustainable planning for the preservation and development of this art-industry is to provide a clear and comprehensive picture of the status of carpet weaving and its ups and downs in each of these areas. The main question in this article is also based on this issue. In other words, the study was aimed at providing a clear and complete picture of the carpet condition of Qashqai tribes inhabited in the Firouzabad region of Fars in the past decade and seeks to answer the question of how the process of production and what product have been during the mentioned period. This paper presents the results of research conducted in 10 villages of Firoozabad district in the period from 2007 to 2017, the majority of villages’ population is from different tribes of Qashqai. These villages including Jaidasht, Moushgan, Jahad Abad, Mord Shahrak, Baygan, Deh Bram, Nouderan, Najaf Abad, Atashkadeh and Ruzbedan, also, the carpets in this study have a maximum 40 years old. The carpets of this region in last decades have enjoyed a special boom because of the settlement of various tribes of Qashqai, the proximity of villages to Firoozabad, and the close association between buyers and producers with weavers. Among these villages, Jaidasht and Baygan produce the most quality carpets and they are the highest in terms of quantity. The common designs of this region are Botte, Herati, stripe design, medallion, prayer design. In the mentioned villages, weaver use cartoon to weave carpets but used cartons are different from urban workshops. In this type of cartoon, the composition of the design and color is the responsibility of the weaver.

Qashqai tribe is from the southern states of the country that the main profession of livestock and their women to be engaged in weaving. Depending on their nomadic life, some container weaving such as “mafrash” (bedding bag), saddlebag, “chante” (small bag), “joval” (storing sack), “tobre” (bag), “gashiglig” (bag for spoon) and “duzlug” (bag for salt) are woven by them. Among these weavings, mafrash is a biggest in which only three-dimensional woven kilim, jajim and bedspreads can be placed. All used motifs are geometric and abstract. In terms of design composition; horizontal panel and diagonal can be seen. Mafrash is woven with “supplementary alternative weft” technique. Regarding heddling and weaving; they are divided into two groups that so called “new technique and old technique”. Research method is descriptive. The data obtained through library and field research visits to Shiraz, Firoozabad, Farashband tribes and villages. The results of the field research are based on a survey of 45 pieces; 5 pieces from Shiraz, 7 pieces from Firoozabad nomads, 5 pieces from Farashband nomads, 20 pieces from Firoozabad, 6 pieces from Jahadabad, 2 pieces from morjshahrak are researched and analyzed.