جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Âbnormalities » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Absent pulmonary valve syndrome (APVS) is a rare congenital anomaly characterized by rudimentary PV tissue with variable degrees of PV stenosis and regurgitant pulmonary blood flow. In most cases, it is associated with tetralogy of Fallot. In a minority of APVS cases, with an unknown frequency, intact ventricular septum (IVS), patent ductus arteriosus, and possible tricuspid atresia are present. This condition is known as non-Fallot type APVS. We describe a case of an antenatal diagnosis of APVS with IVS, a large patent ductus arteriosus, and ascending aorta dilatation. The mother was referred to our center at 32 weeks of gestation due to cardiomegaly on sonography. Fetal echocardiography revealed cardiomegaly, right atrial and ventricular enlargement, aneurysmal dilatation of the main pulmonary artery, and mild dilatation of the pulmonary artery branches. Also observed were IVS, rudimentary PV tissue with severe to-and-fro turbulence across the PV, a widely open ductus arteriosus, ascending aorta dilatation, and levorotation of the heart. After childbirth, our diagnosis was confirmed by echocardiography and surgery. The baby experienced severe respiratory distress. At 15 days of life, surgical intervention in the form of pulmonary artery arterioplasty was performed, resulting in good outcomes. The patient underwent follow-up for 6 months and showed reasonable health.

Hysterosalpingography (HSG) is a practical and reliable imaging method to evaluate the cervical canal, uterine isthmus, uterine cavity, and fallopian tubes. Using HSG, opaque pathologies outside of contrast media can be detected as well as pathologies of uterus and fallopian tubes. We aim to present and categorize some uncommon and interesting abnormal findings that are located outside of the contrast areas in HSG. This is a pictorial review that depicts various types of HSG images that include opaque pathologies outside of the contrast areas. Images have been extracted from valuable archives collected over 50 yr by professor Shahrzad. A plain pelvic film contains soft tissues of the pelvis, bony structures, artifacts, or foreign bodies. Categorization might easily help the radiologist to interpret the HSG cliché. Opaque pathologies outside of contrast area in HSG can be categorized into 2 groups: “Pelvic Tissue Related” and “Foreign Bodies”. Pelvic tissue abnormalities might have a gynecologic or non-gynecologic source. Foreign bodies can be located in the pelvis or outside of the body. HSG is a reliable and inexpensive procedure. Familiarity with the pathologies of pelvic tissues and the accurate interpretation of HSG images are important.

Congenital hand anomalies are abnormal conditions presented at birth regardless of their cause. These abnormalities may lead to structural or functional disorders in children. The treatment of pediatric hand anomalies has been controversial, and the agreement on the gold standard for the treatment of this malformation in children has yet to be ambiguous.
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The aim of the present study was to review studies on splinting in congenital hand anomalies using ProQuest, PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE databases published from 1990 to 2023.

A total of 344 articles were found and finally, 13 articles were reviewed, of which six cases were at evidence level I (one randomized controlled trial (RCT) and five reviews), two cases were at evidence level II,  two cases were at evidence level III, one study was at evidence level IV, and two cases were at evidence level V. The methodological quality assessment of the one and five included RCTs and systematic review studies showed the moderate-to-high quality of the studies based on the scores≥5 using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) and Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR) scales.

The use of a splint alone in the function of the upper limbs of children suffering from congenital hand abnormalities cannot be presented as an effective solution.. The use of splints as the first line of congenital hand anomalies in children can be useful if prescribed during infancy and in some congenital anomalies, such as thumb and radial hand. The best treatment process for children with other hand anomalies is surgery and timely prescription of a splint.

Gemination is a rare phenomenon in the maxillary posterior teeth. Endodontic treatment of these teeth requires special care due to the bizarre anatomy particularly when it is accompanied by a C-shaped canal system. This report illustrates a patient with a rare geminated C-shaped maxillary second molar comprised of two sections in its crown, including a geminated section attached to a normal coronal of a second maxillary molar diagnosed with the pulpal status “necrosis” and “irreversible pulpitis” in geminated section and the molar respectively. Thus, endodontic treatment was performed on both parts of the tooth. Two months follow-up revealed well-functioning teeth with normal status of periapical tissue with no mobility or abnormality. Successful treatment of unusual anatomical teeth requires adherence to biomechanical principles of canal preparation and coronal restoration. 

Müllerian duct abnormalities (MDAs) are the most common congenital genital abnormalities in females and included defects ranging from minor anomalies such as bicornuate or septate uterus to major defects such as uterus aplasia (1)Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome (HWWS) is a rare müllerian anomaly characterized by uterus didelphys with obstructed hemivagina and ipsilateral renal agenesis. The syndrome is usually associated with non-specific symptoms such as progressive pelvic pain after the menarche, dysmenorrhea, and palpable mass in the vagina caused by hematocolpos and hematometra.

Case report:

A 15-year-old single patient was admitted with abdominal pain and a feeling of heaviness. On examination of the abdomen and rectum, he had a palpable tactile mass about 10 cm in diameter. Heterogeneously attached to the right side of the uterine body through a base. The size and appearance of the left ovary was normal, but the right ovary was not observed. In the appendix on the right, a complex mass 46 mm in diameter was presented, indicating the presence of a serrated uterine fibroid or ovarian mass. The uterus was normal. Because virgin MRI was performed on abdominal MRI with and without contrast, renal failure and 80x56 mm cystic lesion with several thin internal septa were found in the right appendix.

The rarity of Herlyn-Werner-Wunderlich syndrome(HWWS) results in complicated diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.  Appropriate imaging techniques and correct interpretation is an attempt for faster diagnosis and treatment to avoid complications such as endometriosis and adhesions caused by chronic infections, and infertility. For these cases that had low age, due to the lack of a kidney and also negative impact of multiple surgeries on fertility, it is better the first decision to be made as a group in a medical joint commission. By increasing the number of case reports in the future, the etiology, best diagnostic and treatment methods will be more identified.

Management of brainstem metastatic tumor is challenging. brainstem metastasis is an uncommon complication of systemic cancer, generally considered to have a highly unfavorable prognosis. Surgical risks are high and standard radiation or chemotherapy have little effect. The purpose of this study is to evaluate our experience an overview of the removal of abnormalities of brain stem metastases and the general treatment protocol of these types of metastases, which are very unfavorable.

The present paper is a literature review using the following databases: PubMed, Scientific Direct, Library Genesis, using the terms: Brainstem Metastases Malformation. Articles from May 2019 were selected, resulting in a total of 19 articles that met the inclusion criteria considering their citations and respective impacts.

Complications were predicted and observed according to existing factors and factors that will arise in the future. Local tumor control was achieved in 90.7% of patients.

The results of this small series demonstrate that treatments now can be a valuable modality for safe and effective management of brain stem metastasis. Owing to the high risk of surgical resection and low efficacy of medical treatment, radiosurgery can be proposed upfront

A lack of congenital Inferior Vena Cava (IVC) is a uncommon malformations that has been identified in combination with idiopathic Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT), exclusively. It may not even be revealed during the lifetime. A 63 year old female was accepted with 3 months of abdominal and pelvic pain and localized edema on the right flank. During this admission, she was examined and recognized deep vein thrombosis (DVT). Ct scan images, showed a lack of the Inferior Vena Cava with enormous thrombosis collaterals of the superficial vein in the abdomen. In this case report we report a woman with side pain who has absence of the IVC.

Blindness is one of the most common and important groups of sensory disabilities with physical complications including kyphosis, forward head and round shoulder. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a corrective exercise program on the upper crossed syndrome in a blind person. The patient was a 19-years-old blind congenital male. He referred for abnormalities of the upper quarter trunk. The corrective exercise program was performed for 12 weeks by maintaining a proper posture and sitting posture with the emphasis on the balance of muscles involved in the upper cross syndrome. After the training intervention, kyphosis improved from 45 to 41 degrees, round shoulder from 40 to 48 degrees and forward head from 57 to 40 degrees. Therefore, regular long-term corrective exercises by providing feedback to maintain the correct posture of the body can be improved, and prevent from common blinds deformities.

This report describes anatomical variations in an indigenous patient from the Brazilian Amazon. A 13-year-old indigenous girl attended the dental clinic for a routine examination. Clinically, a change in the coronary morphology of all upper incisors was observed; characterized by a shovel-shaped lingual surface-a feature considered a polygenic hereditary trait commonly found in native American people. The x-ray examination revealed the presence of a root anomaly in the left upper central incisor. A cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan was performed, revealing the presence of a supernumerary root located on the lingual surface. A single wide canal, which bifurcated in the middle-third level into two canals with different foramina, was observed in the cervical portion. It is essential for dental surgeons to be aware of possible anatomical differences, especially considering the origin of the patient, to avoid interference in treatment success.

Physical condition and posture are related to bio-psychological health. Overweight in the children is also associated with musculoskeletal deformities. The current study aimed to compare the effect of conducting an 8-week of selected football activities and corrective exercises on postural deformities, the factors of physical readiness, and body composition in three male groups, including children, teenagers, and youth. In this quasi-experimental study, 60 male students were selected through stratified simple random sampling method and divided into the groups of children (n=20, Mean±SD age=12.25±0.78 y), teenagers (n=20, Mean±SD age=14.30±0.65 y), and youth (n=20, Mean±SD age=16.40±0.50 y). Using a chessboard, flexible ruler and the New York test, the subjects’ personal characteristics were investigated. The program of selected exercises included an 8 weeks of three sessions of 45-60 minutes with an intensity of 60% to 70% of the heart rate reserve. To compare the intragroup and intergroup mean scores, Student’s t-test and the Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) were used. The obtained results suggested that body weight, waist, and hip circumference significantly decreased in all three groups. However, body mass index significantly decreased in children and youth. Physical readiness, cardiorespiratory endurance, anaerobic power, agility, muscular endurance, and muscular strength were statistically significant in all groups. Speed significantly improved in children and teenagers. Postural deformities, forward head posture, kyphosis, lordosis, and Genu Varum improved in all study groups. An eight weeks of selected football activities and corrective exercises improved the performance of physical motor fitness, body composition, and postural deformities in all study groups.

Statement of the Problem: Individuals with oral clefts exhibit considerably more dental anomalies than individuals without clefts. These problems could initially be among the symptoms of their disease and/or they may be the side effect of their treatments. Pushback palatoplasty could cause some interference during the development of teeth and result in tooth defects.
The study was performed to assess the prevalence and characteristics of developmental dental anomalies in orofacial cleft patients who attended Shiraz Orthodontics Research Center-Cleft Lip and Palate Clinic. We managed to compare dental anomaly traits based on gender and cleft side.
Eighty out of 121 cleft patients were included in this cross-sectional study. All the patients used pushback palatoplasty in their palate closure surgeries. Intraoral photographs, panoramic and intraoral radiographs, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and dental and medical histories were examined and recorded by two observers. Data were analyzed using SPSS PC version 20.0. The differences in the side of cleft and dental anomalies were compared using the Mann-Whitney test.
The mean age of patients was 14.27 years (SD=5.06). The most frequent cleft type was unilateral cleft lip and palate (50%) followed by bilateral cleft lip and palate (43.75%), cleft palate (2.5%) and cleft lip (1.25%). Male predominance (70%) was observed. 92.5 percent had at least one developmental dental anomaly. The most prevalent anomalies were hypodontia (71.25%) followed by microdontia (30%), root dilacerations (21.25%) and supernumerary teeth (15%).
The most prevalent cleft types were unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate with male and left side predominance. Hypodontia, microdontia, dilacerations and supernumerary teeth were the most prevalent developmental dental anomalies among Iranian southwestern cleft patients. The surgical technique used to repair their cleft palate may have played a role in developmental dental defects.

Blighted ovum is one of the most common reasons for abortion during the first three months of pregnancy. Manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) is an important antioxidant enzyme in the human immune system. The gene is located on 6q25 chromosome and acts on mitochondrial matrix. In the case of mutation or inactivity of this enzyme, mitochondrial and nuclear DNA will severely be destructed. The most common polymorphism of its gene is Val16Ala.

The aim was to investigate a possible mutation in pregnant women who had abortion during the first trimester of pregnancy due to blighted ovum.

In this case-control study, 34 women were entered as the case and control groups, respectively. Genome DNA was extracted from saliva samples and its genotype was determined using Tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction technique.

In the case group, 16 (48%) cases had Val/Val genotype, 17 (50%) were heterozygote and had Val/Ala genotype, and 1 (2%) had Ala/Ala genotype. Among controls, 7 (22%) items had Val/Val genotype, 6 (17%) had Val/Ala genotype, and 21 (61%) had Ala/Ala genotype. The frequency of TT, CT, and CC genotypes was 48%, 50%, and 2% in case group and 22%, 17%, and 61% in control group, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed a significant relationship between Val16Ala polymorphism of MnSOD gene and blighted ovum (p= 0.0003).

It has concluded that a significant relationship exists between Val16Ala polymorphism of MnSOD gene and blighted ovum.

Congenital anomalies are as the major causes of stillbirths, neonatal death, disability and childhood health problems all over the world. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and pattern of congenital anomalies in newborn during the first 24 hours of life in Shahid-Madani hospital, Azarshahr, Tabriz, during two periods 2002-2003 and 2012-2013 years.
This is a records-based descriptive study with 4515 newborns who were delivered at Shahid-Madani hospital.
The incidence of congenital anomalies in newborns during 2002-2003 and 2012-2013 years was 1.31% and 1.06 respectively. We found that the incidence rate of congenital anomalies has declined during one decade, and also the pattern of these has varied. In 2002-2003, the most common anomaly was musculoskeletal system anomaly whereas in 2012-2013, the genitourinary system was the most frequent anomaly.
Our findings showed incidence and pattern of congenital anomalies have changed during one decade. Research into the etiology, prevention and prenatal care planning must focus on in prevalent congenital anomalies in this city.

Hematological abnormalities are a common complication of HIV infection and occur in all stages of the infection. These abnormalities increase as the disease advances. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of bone marrow sampling in HIV-positive patients.
40 HIV-infected individuals were screened for hematological abnormalities. Investigations such as iron studies, hematological work-up, bone marrow evaluation and coagulation profile were performed.
The most common single hematological abnormality was anemia, seen in 8 (20%) patients. However, anemia was seen as a subset of pancytopenia in 21 (52.5%) patients. Microcytic hypochromic anemia was present in 12 (30%) cases while anemia of chronic disease (normocytic normochromic anemia) occurred in 4 (10%) cases. Macrocytic anemia was observed in 32.5% (n=13) cases. Leucopenia and thrombocytopenia was seen in 21 (52.5%) patients as a subset of pancytopenia. However, they were not present as a single hematological abnormality. 45% of the patients showed hypercellular marrow whereas normocellular marrow was seen in 35% (n=14) and hypocellular marrow in 15% (n=6) of the patients. Myelodysplasia was found in 10 (25%) patients. It was commonest in erythroid (12.5%) followed by myeloid series (10%) and megakaryocytic series (2.5%). Tuberculosis was seen in 10% of the cases and gelatinous transformation was seen in 1 (2.5%) case.
Bone marrow sampling has diagnostic utility in HIV-infected patients. Morphological examination in HIV-positive patients plays a distinctive role in ruling out the presence of opportunistic infections.