جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « آموکسی سیلین » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Antibiotics are increasingly recognized as emerging pollutants, posing significant environmental concerns upon entering ecosystems. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the oxidation of the antibiotic amoxicillin using the carbon quantum dots/persulfate process.

All experiments were conducted in a 250 mL glass container. The effects of various operating parameters, including reaction time, pH, amoxicillin concentration, persulfate concentration, and catalyst dose, were investigated under optimal conditions to assess their influence on the removal efficiency.

The results demonstrate that the carbon quantum dots/persulfate process exhibited the highest decomposition rate (kobs) of amoxicillin, with a rate constant of 0.0127 min-1. The optimal conditions for maximum antibiotic removal were found to be pH 5, a persulfate dose of 2 mM, and an amoxicillin concentration of 12.5 mg/L, resulting in a removal rate of 89% within 75 minutes. Furthermore, the mineralization rate was observed to be 33%.

The findings of this study demonstrate the efficacy of the carbon quantum dot/persulfate process in oxidizing amoxicillin.

Antibiotics as emerging pollutants are harmful to environmental health. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of Uio-66-NH2@CS-Iso-Gu nanohybrid for the removal of amoxicillin (AMX) from aqueous solutions.

In this study, for the first time, guanidine and isocyanate monomers are cross-linked with chitosan. The combination of this polymer with organometallic compounds contributes to its chemical/thermal stability and reusability. Uio-66-NH2@CS-Iso-Gu nanohybrid was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and BET methods. Also, the effects of pH, initial concentration of AMX, contact time, and temperature were evaluated. Moreover, isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamics studies were performed.

The results of TGA analysis showed that Uio-66-NH2@CS-Iso-Gu nanohybrid was resistant to temperatures up to 400 °C. Also, optimal adsorption of AMX occurred in the first 25 min. The synthesized nanohybrid has a surface area of 101.2 m2/g and a type IV isotherm. Acidic groups were present on the synthesized nanohybrid surface based on the pHpzc = 4.7. Langmuir (for 25 °C and 45 °C) and Freundlich (for 65 °C) isotherm models and pseudo-second-order kinetic models are more appropriate to fit the adsorption data with the experimental data. The maximum adsorption capacity of the synthesized nanohybrid was equal to 56.49, 40.65, and 0.382 mg/g at temperatures of 25°C, 45°C, and 65°C, respectively. Based on the findings, Uio-66-NH2@CS-Iso-Gu nanohybrid could be used for up to five cycles without significantly reducing their performance.

The results showed that Uio-66-NH2@CS-Iso-Gu nanohybrid has a significant efficiency for removing AMX and could be used as an effective adsorbent for the treatment of wastewater containing pharmaceutical residues.

Amoxicillin (AMX) is a commonly used antibiotic in medicine (beta-lactam family). The residue of this compound has been detected in water sources and causes antibiotic resistance.

In this study, a renewable adsorbent based on graphene oxide (graphene oxide nanocomposite modified with CoFe2O4) was synthesized and used to absorb AMX from aqueous medium. The characteristics of the synthesized nanocomposite were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, pHZPC and BET/BJH.

It presented the maximum adsorption capacity based on the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, which is 238.62 mg/g adsorbent, much higher than that reported by different nanoparticles. which can indicate the dominance of the chemical absorption mechanism in this process. The absorption process was investigated using the response procedure method and central composite design (CCD), under different operating conditions of adsorbent dose, initial AMX concentration, temperature and sonication time. In the present study, more than 70% of AMX concentration was removed.

In summary, the synthesized nanocomposite as a renewable adsorbent is likely to have significant effects on pharmaceutical wastewater treatment and can be considered as an efficient material for treatment techniques for future research.

Effluents discharged from pharmaceutical industries contain toxic and persistent compounds, which have raised concerns among environmentalists in recent decades. Recently, various methods have been used to treat pharmaceutical wastewater, among which the electrooxidation process with its unique features, including high efficiency, low secondary pollutant production, and environmental friendliness, has received more attention. In the present study, the efficiency of heterogeneous electro-Fenton process based on Fe@Fe2O3 nanoparticles loaded on CNTs (CNTs/Fe@Fe2O3) in amoxicillin removal was evaluated.

In this experimental-laboratory study, CNTs/Fe@Fe2O3 nanoparticles were synthesized as particle electrode and Ti/PbO2 as anode electrode, and their characteristics were determined by scanning electron microscope and X-ray scattering pattern. The effect of operating parameters on the amoxicillin removal rate was evaluated by the heterogeneous electro-Fenton process. Comparative tests were conducted between the adsorption and oxidation processes in antibiotic removal, and finally, the stability of the process based on new electrodes was studied in the cycle of successive electrooxidation reactions

The results showed that the electrochemical and adsorption processes have a lower removal efficiency than the heterogeneous electro-Fenton process at pH close to neutral. The maximum removal efficiency of amoxicillin was obtained at pH of 6, particle electrode dosage of 250 mg/L, current density of 25 mA/cm2, and electrolysis time of 120 min. The stability of the electrodes was confirmed by the cycle of successive reactions.

Based on the findings, the electro-Fenton process based on newly synthesized electrodes can be suggested in the electrooxidation analysis of antibiotics.

Pharmaceuticals, especially antibiotics, are new contaminants that have created a major environmental concern because of their cumulative nature, adverse effects, and drug resistance. Their existence in domestic wastewater will pollute water resources. This study aimed to determine the performance of US/UV/SO40‒ processes in the removal of Amoxicillin (AMX).

The current experimental study used ultrasonic waves (US), ultraviolet rays (UV), and sulfate radicals (SO40‒). To detect the effect of variables, including contact time (0-120 min), the antibiotic concentration (5-50 mg/l), pH (3-9), persulfate concentration (1-7 mM), and the input power (550 W), the reactor has been sampled in different intervals, and the residue concentration was detected using a spectrophotometer in 294 nm length wave.

The results showed that the separate use of US and UV had no high operation with the best removal percentages of 33.3% and 13.29%, respectively. Simultaneous use of US/UV/SO40‒ showed a more high reduction in AMX concentration and the best removal percentage was 94.12% that took place in pH=6, the antibiotic concentration of 5 mg/L, persulfate concentration of 5 mM, and contact time of 120 min.

The result showed that the US/UV/SO40‒ process can be used as an operational process to remove the AMX from an aqueous environment.

Pharmaceutical compounds can cause potential risks to aquatic and terrestrial organisms. So far, different methods have been used to eliminate these pollutants, photocatalytic processes are one of the most efficient processes to eliminate pharmaceutical compounds. In this study, the efficiency of a novel MOF-based nanocomposite, PMo/UiO-66 as a photocatalyst for amoxicillin degradation under visible light irradiation was evaluated.

The study of the chemical decomposition of amoxicillin using the PMo/UiO-66 system was conducted at different stages. First, the PMo/UiO-66 MOF nanocomposite was synthesized using the solvothermal method, then the properties of the synthesized nanocomposite were investigated using XRD, FTIR, and SEM techniques. The effect of different operational parameters such as pH (3, 6, and 9), catalyst concentration (15, 20, 25, and 30 %w/w), initial concentrations of amoxicillin (20, 30, 40, and 50 mg/L) at different times on the removal efficiency was investigated. The reusability of the catalyst for four cycles was assessed.

The results showed that PMo/UiO-66 nanocomposite at pH 6, 25 %w/w nanocomposite concentration, and the amoxicillin concentration of 20 mg/L led to complete decomposition of amoxicillin after 120 min. The kinetic of amoxicillin removal followed the first-order model. Reusability tests showed that the photocatalytic efficiency of the synthesized catalyst was not substantially reduced after four cycles.

The current study confirmed that the PMo/UiO-66 system has an appropriate efficiency for photocatalytic removal of amoxicillin under optimized test conditions.

Amoxicillin (AMX) is one of the commonly used commercial antibiotics due to its high resistance to bacteria and its large spectrum against a wide variety of microorganisms, which it´s existence in the wastewater from pharmaceutical industries and hospital effluents causes unpleasant odor, skin disorder, and microbial resistance among pathogen organisms, and it can lead to the death of microorganisms which are effective in wastewater treatment. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate of removal efficacy of AMX from aqueous solutions using GO@Fe3O4@CeO2.

In this descriptive study, GO@Fe3O4@CeO2 was synthesized and then used as a photocatalyst for the removal of AMX from aqueous solution. GO@Fe3O4@CeO2 was characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), SEM-EDX elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) methods. Additionally, the influence of variables including pH (3-11), amount of photocatalyst (0.006-0.04 g), contact time (0-150 min), and temperature (25-55 °C) was assessed on the efficacy of AMX removal. 

The results indicated that removal efficiency increased up to 90 min contact time, 0.02 g of photocatalyst, and at the temperature of 25 °C. The optimum pH for AMX removal was 10.

GO@Fe3O4@CeO2 could be an effective and available photocatalyst for the removal of AMX from industrial wastewater under UV light.

One of the main problems of pollution of aquatic environments is hardly biodegradable chemicals with high toxicity such as antibiotics. If they are not removed from the wastewater, particularly the hospital wastewater, many health and environmental hazards are created. Therefore, appropriate management and treatment of this type of wastewater is highly necessary. This research aimed at investigating the efficiency of advanced oxidation process by ozone photocatalytic method combined with zinc oxide in removal of amoxicillin from wastewater.

The present study was conducted on laboratory scale in a pre-designed reactor. The effects of ozone concentration (5-10 mg/min), catalyst concentration (0.25-1.5mg/l), amoxicillin concentration (10-100 mg/l), and pH (3-11) were investigated on the process efficiency by HPLC. Thirty specimens were studied using central composite design method and the information was evaluated by surface response method using Design Expert7. Data analysis was done applying ANOVA and regression analysis.

The removal efficiency of amoxicillin was 93% under optimal conditions (ozone dose: 3 mg/min, pH 11, catalyst dose: 0.875 mg/l, and amoxicillin concentration: 55mg/l). ANOVA and regression analysis showed that the fitted model properly matched with laboratory results.

This study showed that the ozone photocatalytic process along with zinc oxide could be applied as a suitable and effective method in treatment of antibiotics in aqueous environments.

Antibiotic-carrying nanoparticles have cytotoxic effects on drug-resistant bacteria. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of chitosan nanoparticles carrying amoxicillin and clavulanic acid on the viability of staphylococcus aureus strains.  In this study, chitosan nanoparticles were prepared by ionic gelation method and were loaded by amoxicillin and clavulanic acid leading to the production of nanoparticles with dimension less than 100 nm. To evaluate the effect of different nanoparticle concentration on the bacteria, chitosan and amoxicillin concentrations of 0.25-8 and 1-128 µg/ml were prepared, respectively, using the microdilution method. Subsequently, 100 nm of different chitosan nanoparticle concentration with antibiotic was transferred to each well and 1 μl of bacterial suspension was added to the wells.  Turbidity in the wells was observed without armed eye and the light absorbance was read in the wavelength range of 630 nm by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that minimum inhibitory concentrations of chitosan nanoparticles carrying amoxicillin and clavulanic were 0.9 and 3.6 µg/ml in susceptible and resistant specimens, respectively.  Moreover, their minimum destructive concentrations were obtained at 1.8 and 7.2 µg/ml, respectively. According to the results, the obtained combination showed more antibacterial effectiveness, compared to chitosan and amoxicillin alone. This reveals the synergistic effect of amoxicillin with clavulanic acid and chitosan.

The continuous introduce of antibiotics, including amoxicillin into the environment, has created potential health risks, especially resistance to pathogenic microorganisms. In recent years, several efforts have been made by researchers to develop methods that lead to the destruction of antibiotics, including photocatalytic processes based on TiO2. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of catalyst Bi2O3-TiO2 in the removal of amoxicillin from aqueous environment. In this fundamental-applied study, the catalyst Bi2O3-TiO2 was first synthesized by hydrothermal method. The SEM, EDX and DRS analysis were used to determine the characteristics of the nanocomposite. Then, the effect of factors such as the content of bismuth in the Bi2O3-TiO2, the initial concentration of amoxicillin (10, 15, and 20 mg L-1), pH (3 to 11), and mineralization rate were investigated. Findings: Based on the results of this study, catalyst BT-5%, show more photocatalytic degradation efficiency of amoxicillin under visible light irradiation. The optimum pH and amoxicillin concentration in this process were determined 11 and 10 mg L-1 reapectively. Maximum efficiency thise process at optimal conditions after 120 minutes was 85%. The results of this study showed that the photocatalytic process based on Bi2O3-TiO2 compared to pure TiO2 is an effective method for removing amoxicillin from the aqueous environment(p > 0.05), and the use of Bi2O3 will effectively increase the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 in visible light.

Background and purpose: Nowadays, amoxicillin is one of the most important and most frequently used antibiotics that has received especial attention as it causes resistance in bacteria. This compound enters the aquatic environment through different routes including sewage and waste disposal of medical centers, veterinary centers and industries. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of graphene-cobalt nano-catalyst for activation of peroxymonosulfate and amoxicillin removal from aqueous solutions. In this experiment, graphene oxide was prepared by Hummers method from natural graphite. Then, magnetic graphene-cobalt nanocatalyst was made in several steps. The structural order and textural properties of the magnetic graphene-cobalt nanocatalyst were studied by EDS, SEM, TEM, and XRD. Several operational parameters were examined including the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) dosage, solution pH, reaction time, catalyst dosage, and initial concentration of amoxicillin. The amoxicillin concentration was quantified by High HPLC. In this study, the graphene-based CoFe2O4 was successfully synthesized. Optimum condition for removal of pollutants was achieved in 3 mM peroxymonosulfate, 0.5 g/L G/CoFe2O4, pH 6.0, 60 m reaction time, and amoxicillin concentrations of 10 mg/L. In this condition, the amoxicillin, chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total organic carbon (TOC) removal efficiency was 99.27%, 83.1%, and 61.11%, respectively. In this study, the graphene-based CoFe2O4 with effective activation of peroxymonosulfate had high efficiency in removal of amoxicillin. According to current study, G/CoFe2O4/PMS process can be used as an effective and efficient process for treatment of aqueous solutions in related industries.

Excessive consumption of antibiotics and their incomplete metabolization in human and animals, as well as inadequate removal by conventional waste water system leads to the release of these chemicals into the environment. Antibiotics have adverse effects including bacterial resistance, digestive disorders and genotoxic. Therefore the aim of this study was to survey amoxicillin removal by photocatalytic process using magnesium oxide nanoparticles. This experimental study was carried in the form of batch in the laboratory. In this study, independent parameters including pH (3, 7, 11), magnesium oxide nanoparticles concentration (250, 500, 750 ml/L) and reaction time (30, 60, 90) were evaluated for getting high mineralization efficiency.  In order to achieve the optimal experimental conditions, response surface methodology (RSM) model was designed and applied. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for data analysis. According to the obtained results, the effect of independent parameters including pH and nanoparticles on removal process was significant (p-value<0.05) and the highest efficiency for mineralization of amoxicillin was achieved 79.0% in optimum condition pH: 11, nanoparticle concentration: 500 mg/L and reaction time: 90 min. Photocatalytic process using magnesium oxide can be considered as an effective method for amoxicillin removal from aqueous solution.

Antibiotic resistance has prepared the way for substituting new therapeutic methods. Studies have indicated that nanoformulated antimicrobial agents have better therapeutic effects. In this study, the antimicrobial activity of chitosan nanoparticles loaded with amoxicillin (ACNs), was assessed in comparison with free amoxicillin against some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
In this experimental study, the nanoparticles were prepared using the ionotropic gelation technique. The resulting nanoparticles were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The antibacterial activity of amoxicillin and nanoparticles against standard and clinical strains of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis, was investigated by determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), and inhibition zone diameters. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with Tukeyʼs post hoc test.
The size of chitosan nanoparticles (CNs) and ACNs was 88 and 106 nm, respectively. ACNs showed higher antibacterial activity compared to amoxicillin and CNs without drug as determined by the smaller MIC (0.375mg/ml) and MBC (2 mg/ml) values and larger zones of inhibition (28mm). The highest and the lowest sensitivity to nanoparticles, were observed for Enterococcus feacalis and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, respectively.
The results of this study showed that the nanoformulation of amoxicillin may be an appropriate strategy to increase its therapeutic effects. However, precise clinical studies are required for its confirmation

Nanotechnology offers a great chance to treat drug-resistant microbial infections. The purpose of this study was to synthesize amoxicillin-encapsulated polymeric nanoparticles and compare the antibacterial activity of this nanoformulation with pure amoxicillin.
Amoxicillin-encapsulated polymeric nanoparticles were prepared using chitosan as a polymer and alginate as cross linking agent. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy. The antibacterial effects of the nanoparticles were evaluated using broth microdilution and well diffusion methods against some common bacterial strains involved in hospital-acquired infections.
The drug-encapsulated nanoparticles were found to be spherical in shape with average size of 96 nm. These nanoparticles had a significant antibacterial effect on all tested bacteria, except for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. They also displayed stronger antibacterial activity than the nanocarrier alone or free antibiotic. The highest mean zones of growth inhibition (23.7 mm) for methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and the smallest zone (12.5 mm) for the resistant species of this bacterium were determined. MIC of the nanoformulation against these two strains was respectively determined at 1.5 and 48 µg/ml and for Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 6.6 and 256 µg/ml.
The results suggest that amoxicillin encapsulation in polymer nanoparticles has the potential to increase its antibacterial activity against bacteria causing nosocomial infections.

Antibiotics are a group of synthetic organic materials that are not removable by biological treatment process and need to be treated by advanced process like surface absorption. Since activated carbon is one of the best choices for using as adsorbent, this project was aimed on the removal of amoxicillin antibiotic from aquatics solutions by a novel modified activated carbon.
The present study was an experimental study which was conducted by using batch wise method. Erlenmeyers with 100 mL volume containing 50 mL of amoxicillin with a known concentration and amount of adsorbent were shacked at different pHs, contact times and temperatures. The samples were filtered by vacuumed pump using 0.04 acetate cellulous filter and the residual of amoxicillin was determined by UV spectrophotometer at 228 nm using quarts cell.
The results obtained from experimental data was shown that the best efficiency of amoxicillin removal from aquatic solution by the new activated carbon takes places at pH= 6, adsorbent dose of 0.06 g/L and 20 min contact time. In this project the used activated carbon efficiency was 75.5%, in antibiotic concentration of 50 mg/L. Isotherm studies were shown that the amoxicillin absorption can be explained by both Langmuir and Freundlich models, and the degree of reaction obtained from kinetic studies was of second order.
With regard to acceptable worth capacity of the new activated carbon, it was suitable to replace standard Merck carbon for water and wastewater treatment.

This study investigated the electrocatalytic oxidation of amoxicillin on the surface of carbon paste electrode modified with synthesized nano zeolite which was doped with nickel ion in the basic solution. This electrode functions as a sensor to determine amoxicillin.
At first, the percentage of nano zeolite via carbon paste and the flotation of the modified electrode in the nickel chloride solution (1.0 M) for determination of drug were optimized. Then, the determination of amoxicillin in the 0.1 NaOH was conducted using cyclic voltammetry and chronoamprometry techniques.
Findings: Obtained results show that the produced NiOOH on the surface of modified electrode acts as an electrocatalyst for the oxidation of amoxicillin. The linear dynamic range and the limit of detection for amoxicillin determination via the proposed electrode were 8.2* 10-5 M - 2.46* 10-4 M and 2.3*10-5 M. The catalytic rate constant for the electro-oxidation of amoxicillin was obtained 4.2*105 cm3s-1mol-1.
Discussion & Finally obtained results reveal that introduced procedure was simple, fast, available, repeatable, and sensetive.

Amoxicillin is the most commonly used antibiotics that draws more attractions due to induce bacterial resistance.
This compound can enter the aquatic environment through different routes including sewage and waste disposal of medical health centers, veterinary and industries. The aim of this study was removal of amoxicillin from aqueous environments by Electro-Fenton process using modified graphite felt and synthesized Fe3O4 nanoparticles.
Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by co- precipitation method. Graphite felt also modified due to avoid aeration. The structural and physical characteristics of nanocatalyst and also modified graphite felt were analyzed by SEM, EDS and BET techniques. After optimization of pH and time variables, the parameters of applied current, amoxicillin concentration, catalyst load and the distance between electrodes were designed using Design Expert 7.0 software and optimized by the response surface method.
The graphite felt modification resulted in increase in surface area from 0.89 to 1.92 m2/g. The maximum removal of amoxicillin (97.11%) was obtained in optimal operational conditions (pH=3, time=60 min, applied current =180 mA, amoxicillin concentration=20 mg/L, catalyst load 1 g/L, the distance between electrodes =2 cm)
The result of this study indicated that electro-Fenton process using Fe3O4 nanoparticles and modified Graphite felt without external aeration is an effective method for amoxicillin removal.

Background and Amoxicillin is one of the antibiotics that has received especial attention as it causes resistance in bacteria. This compound enters the aquatic environment through different routes including human and animal waste, sewage, and waste disposal of medical health centers, veterinary and pharmaceutical industries. The aim of this study was to remove amoxicillin from aqueous environments by advanced oxidation method using synthesized bimetallic CuFe2O4 nanoparticles.
For the purpose of this study, CuFe2O4 was synthesized through the sol-gel method. The physical and structural characteristics of this catalyst were analyzed using SEM, TEM, XRD, EDX, and VSM techniques. Additionally, this study investigated the effects of pH, initial concentrations of amoxicillin and hydrogen peroxide, and catalyst dosage on the reduction of amoxicillin and Total Organic Carbon (TOC). The concentrations of amoxicillin and TOC were determined by HPLC and TOC analyzers, respectively.
The highest efficiency in removal of amoxicillin was 99.27% obtained in optimum conditions with CuFe2O4 at 50 ppm, pH= 4, amoxicillin concentration of 90 ppm, hydrogen peroxide concentration of 30 mmol, 30 min contact time, and 20°C temperature. In this condition the removal of TOC was found to be 36.42%.
The process studied here has a proper efficiency in removal of amoxicillin; but higher contact time is needed for adequate removal of TOC.

Amoxicillin is one of the most important groups of pharmaceuticals that benefits humans and animals. However, antibiotics excertion in wastewaters and environment have emerged as a serious risk to the biotic environment, and their toxic effects can harm the organisms. Iron-based metallic nanoparticles have received special attention in regard with remediation of groundwater contaminants. In the typical nZVI-based bimetallic particle system, Fe acts as the reducing agent. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the synthesis and characteristics of nZVI in regard with degrading AMX.
In this study, nZVI nanoparticles were synthesized using the liquid-phase reduction method by EDTA as a stabilizer material. Structure and properties of nanoparticles were characterized by BET, SEM, XRD and EDX analysis. A multi-variate analysis was applied using a response surface methodology (RSM) in order to develop a quadratic model as a functional relationship between AMX removal efficiency and independent variables ( initial pH values, dosage of nZVI, contact time and amoxicillin concentration). The four independent variables of solution pH (2–10), AMX concentration (5-45mg/l), contact time (5-85 min) and nanoparticles dose (0.25 – 1.25 g) were transformed to the coded values.
The study results demonstrated that more than 69 % of AMX was removed by nZVI. The optimal AMX removal conditions using nZVI were found as 1.25 g of nZVI, pH 4, contact time of 80 min and concentration of 30 mg/l.
The ability of nZVI in degradation of AMX revealed that these materials can serve as a potential nano material with respect to the environmental remediation.

The antibiotics are excreted after their effect on the host body and together with other waste disposal are entered the treatment plant processes. Antibiotics prevent the biological wastewater treatment in the plant. Amoxicillin is one of the most common types of antibiotics. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Amoxicillin on the efficiency of biological wastewater treatment processes in the sequencing batch reactor. This study was conducted a laboratory -scale experimental, which done in pilot study. Experiments were performed in a batch reactor (with an effective volume 2 L), equipped with a diffuser aerator. The reactor was filled with synthetic wastewater samples containing amoxicillin concentration of 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300 mg/L. The efficiency of the system in removal of COD and BOD5 under various conditions, initial concentration of amoxicillin (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 and 300) was determined and Data were analyzed with SPSS software (version 16) using ANOVA test. Based on the findings, amoxicillin in 300 mg/L concentration had the least COD removal efficiency. In this concentration of amoxicillin, maximum of the removal efficiency the COD and the BOD5 were 44.4% and 5% respectively. Increasing concentrations of amoxicillin decreased the average amount SOUR. The results of this study indicated that by increasing the amoxicillin concentration, the COD and BOD5 removal efficiency is decreased. High concentrations of antibiotics in pharmaceuticals and hospitals wastewater interfere with the activities of biological wastewater treatment.