جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « آنسفالوپاتی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

In liver transplant patients, the occurrence of postoperative complications increases the length of hospitalization, care of patients and the costs of treatment. The aim of this study was to predict the complications of hepatic encephalopathy in liver transplant patients using the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm in active middle-aged women.

The statistical population included 652 patients, among them, 165 active middle-aged women with encephalopathy symptoms who underwent liver transplantation during 2011-2022 were included. SVM algorithm was used to predict the complications of hepatic encephalopathy in liver transplant patients and MATLAB software was used for data analysis.

Using 14 features related to laboratory, anthropometry and lifestyle data, the SVM algorithm can predict people with and without hepatic encephalopathy complications with 81.2% accuracy and 74.6% precision.

According to the accuracy of the SVM algorithm on the data, it seems that this system may help physicians predict the risk of hepatic encephalopathy complications after transplantation with high accuracy and the lowest cost. Computer-based decision support systems can reduce poor clinical decisions and also minimize costs associated with unnecessary clinical trials.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a cliniconeurological syndrome presents with various clinical symptoms, like headache, alteration of consciousness, seizures, visual disturbances.Imaging predominantly shows parieto-occipital white matter changes, with vasogenic edema known as the most accepted pathophysiology.

 We report a 22-year-old primigravida who presented in near term pregnancy with seizures. Fallowed by blurred vision. Brain MRI was suggestive of PRES. Carrying out supportive treatment results in Clinical improvement with complete resolution of visual disturbances.

It is important to initiate diagnosis process and prompt treatment in order to  prevent short- and long-term neurological deficits in PRES .

Hepatic encephalopathy is defined as a neuropsychiatric brain dysfunction in acute or chronic liver failure. Infection and inflammation have crucial role in its pathophysiology. The purpose of our study was to demonstrate the relationship between toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and the encephalopathy induced with endotoxin in biliary cirrhotic rats.

The present study was conducted experimentally on male adult Wistar albino rats from May to January 2018 at the Pharmacology Department of Medical Faculty, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. The animals were divided into two groups, cirrhotic vs sham-operated. Cirrhosis was induced by surgical ligation of the bile duct in male Wistar rats but in sham group the bile duct was not ligated during abdominal surgery (control). The animals in each group were divided to two subgroups that half of them were given intraperitoneally saline or low dose of endotoxin (0.1 mg/kg) on day 29. Then animal behavior study was done on the clinical sign of hepatic encephalopathy. Also, the histopathology of brain cortex and the expression of brain cortex toll-like receptor four protein were evaluated.

Our results showed that endotoxin treatment decreased the patient's level of alertness and produced hepatic encephalopathy signs in cirrhotic rats and control groups. Cirrhosis increases toll-like receptor four expression in brain and acute endotoxin treatment increases toll-like receptor four expression in this group still more. It means that acute endotoxin treatment-induced clinical signs of acute encephalopathy in sham and cirrhotic rats and significant toll-like receptor four overexpression in cirrhotic animals. The histopathological assessment did not show a significant difference between the groups and did not show any changes after induction of cirrhosis and/or acute endotoxin treatment.

Cirrhosis and acute low dose endotoxin injection in cirrhotic rats induced hepatic encephalopathy signs that parallels with significant increased toll-like receptor 4 protein expression in brain cortex. Since the severity of the signs of encephalopathy was the same as intact animals, based on the definitions in pharmacology, in the cells of cirrhotic groups endotoxin tolerance has developed.

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANEC) is a rare illness with high incidence in East Asia. It is accompanied with respiratory infection, gastrointestinal infections, and high fever with quick impaired consciousness, and convulsion. In this case report, Turkmen 6 month's girl that was introduced after an infection with no disease or clinical abnormalities. She was vaccinated accordingly; initially she had fever with generalized tonic-clonic convulsion (seizures) for 5 to 10 minutes level of consciousness decreased later on. She was transferred to Talghani Medicat Education center in nortern Iran. At the time of admition her vital signs were as below: RR: 30, GCS: 8-9, RP: 110, BP: 90/80. In the patient's history, there was neither Trauma history, nor food or drug poisoning, also no clinical history. After convulsion, the level of consciousness decreased and serum biochemistry showed normal electrolytes concentration. In further follow - up, AST increased to 98 units, ALT to 58 units, and ammonium to 215 units. In CSF Sample, protein level increased to 330 units, without any avidences of pleocytosis, blood, or Serum glucose drop. In CT without contract, hypodensity the cornea in thalamus and caudate cores were seen in 2 sides. The ventricles were normal and there were no signs of bleeding and pressure. In brain M.R.I, abnormal signal in 2 sides, blood samples cultivation, CSF, and testing urine for bacterial infection were negative. The patient was diagnosed with necrotizing encephalopathy and subsequently was treated with metyle prednisolone (20 mg daily). During hospitalization, level of consciousness increased and fever stopped. There was not recurrence of convulsion, but the patients still had some problems in moving, verbal and communication.

Ifosfamide is one of the most important chemotherapeutic agents used for the treatment of numerous types of malignancies. Neurotoxicity is one of its life-threatening complications and is potentially fatal. In this paper we present a case of severe ifosfamide- induced encephalopathy in an adolescent with acute lymphoblastic leukemia in whom treatment with methylene blue led to complete improvement of neurologic symptoms.

True approach and appropriate behavior to the child with loss of consciousness whom referred to emergency room is one of the important skills of every physician. If there is defined diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm in the emergency room for managing these children, it help physicians not to be confused and save golden time for survival of the patients. After describing the history taking, physical and neurologic exams’ skills in children with loss of consciousness, this article explain the etiological factors which are classified into traumatic and nontraumatic agents. Infectious encephalopathies and applied classification of them are more evaluated and emphasized in our paper.

The presence of neonatal seizures often signals an underlying ominous neurologic condition. The etiologies of neonatal seizure include; hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, central nervous system infections, intracranial hemorrhage, central nervous system malformation, acute metabolic disorders, inborn error of metabolism and others with lower frequencies. The aim of this study was to determine the etiologic distribution of neonatal seizure and correlation of age, gender, weight and route of delivery with neonatal seizures.Subjects and Detailed questionnaires were retrospectively collected for a period of 3 years (2004-2007) on 94 infants experienced seizure at presentation in hospital, During the period of this study 94 neonate patients with convulsion were admitted. Seventy nine percent of them had seizure during the first 14 days of life. Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy was found to be the most common cause (34%) of neonatal seizures, followed by intracranial hemorrhage (13%), hypoglycemia (10%), meningitis (6%), hypocalcaemia (3%) and inborn error of metabolism (3%). This study showed that birth asphyxia is the most common etiology of neonatal seizures. In 31 percent of patients no pathologic factor was found.

Background and Objectives Hashimoto s encephalopathy (HE) known as Steroid Responsive Encephalopathy associated with Autoimmune Thyroditis (SREAT) is a rare nervous system disease. HE was originally described by Brain et. al. in 1966 however its cause still remains unknown after about 40 years. Autoimmune vasculitis of CNS brain edema and anti-thyroid antibodies are considered some of the etiologies for HE. It is certain that HE is an autoimmune disease and not a thyroid system disease. HE patients may or may not have goiter. Some of the most common neurological manifestations of HE include: Confusion with altered consciousness seizures myoloclonus and cognitive problems. Presence of high titers of anti-thyroid antibodies in blood serum and CSF of HE patients is considered the most common laboratory test for diagnosis of HE. EEG abnormalities such as diffuse slowing and atypical tri-phasic brain waves are the most common findings in about ¾ HE patients. Brain CT-Scan is normal in majority of HE patients. Global or local hypo perfusion may be seen in SPECT scanning of the brain. MRI findings are abnormal in about 40% of HE patients. Patients with sub acute or acute onset of confusion seizure myoloclonus stroke-like episodes and amnesia whose laboratory serum and CSF tests indicate presence of high titers of anti- thyroid antibodies should be considered for having HE. Vascular myelopathies CJD HSP Myelinoclastic disease like PML SSPE ADE MS and DNL are some of the differential diagnosis of HE. Adrenal corticosteroids are the first line treatment for HE. Recurrent or steroid resistant HE cases may be treated by addition of other immunosuppressant drugs such as Azathioprine Cyclophosphamide or Methotrexate to the 1st line therapy. Keywords: Hashimoto Diseases; Encephalopathy; Thyroiditis Autoimmune; Thyroiditis Autoimmune Diagnosis; Thyroiditis Autoimmune Therapy.