جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « اختلال وسواس-اجباری » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Obsessive-compulsive disorder is one of the most common and debilitating psychological disorders that severely affects health. Due to the need for psychological therapies along with drug therapies, the present study was conducted to compare the effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy and pharmacotherapy (Fluoxetine) on the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

This is a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with control group. The study population was people with obsessive-compulsive disorder who referred to counseling centers and psychological services in Bandar Abbas in 2017. 45 people were selected by convenience sampling method and randomly assigned to three equal groups. The intervention groups received 12 sessions of 90 minutes of cognitive-behavioral training and three months of drug therapy (Fluoxetine), respectively, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were collected using the demographic questionnaire, and the “Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale”. The Qualitative content validity and Cronbachchr('39')s alpha coefficient were calculated. Data were analyzed in SPSS. 22.

Mean and standard deviation of post-test obsession in cognitive-behavioral group therapy (6.57±1/41), drug therapy (8.19 ± 1.83) and control (12.05±2/59) and mean and standard deviation of post-test compulsion in the groups were Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy (5.84±0/96), drug therapy (7.38±1/15) and control (10.27±2/13). Both Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy and drug therapy (Fluoxetine) significantly reduced obsession and compulsion. Also, Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy was more effective in reducing obsession and compulsion compared to drug therapy (Fluoxetine) (P <0.05).

The two methods of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy and drug therapy (Fluoxetine) reduced obsession and compulsion in people with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The effectiveness of Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy in reducing obsession and compulsion was higher than drug therapy (Fluoxetine). Therefore, counselors and therapists can use both methods, especially Cognitive-Behavioral Group Therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder.

 

Cold relationships, parental neglect, and defective parenting practices set the grounds for child psychiatric disorders in adulthood that lead to severe child irresponsibility. Phobia is one of the anxiety disorders, and its main feature is the obvious fear of visible and circumscribed objects and situations that damage the person's functions. Obsessions, thoughts, impulses, or mental images are reversible and persistent. They are perceived as disturbing and quickly turn into extreme worries about everyday problems. Numerous factors contribute to the etiology of psychiatric disorders. In this regard, environmental factors, including parental parenting styles, play an essential role in creating these disorders and their different emotions. Therefore, it seems necessary to study mothers' parenting styles who have children with phobia. This study aimed to compare mothers' parenting styles of children with obsessive-compulsive disorder and phobia with mothers of normal children.

This research was a causal-comparative study. The statistical population included all mothers of children with obsessive-compulsive, phobic, and normal children living in Qom City, Iran, in 2013. The study sample included 40 mothers of children with obsessive-compulsive disorder, 40 mothers of children with phobia, and 40 mothers of the normal children in the control group. The sampling method of the control group was randomized so that twice the final number of samples was selected. After the screening, the samples were selected randomly. The available sample method was used to select the samples with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The inclusion criteria for children included girls and boys aged 8 to 12 years with an average IQ or above. Also, their mothers should have at least a diploma without chronic psychiatric disorders such as psychosis (based on psychiatrist diagnosis) and be able to answer the questionnaire in written form or orally. The exclusion criteria included non-compliance with any inclusion criteria, cancellation or reluctance of mothers to complete the questionnaires, and incomplete completion of research tools. To identify children with symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, self-report questionnaires of Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory–Child Version (OCI-CV) (Foa et al., 2010) and to identify children with phobia, the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN) (Connor et al., 2000) were used. Also, the Parenting Style Questionnaire (Baumrind et al., 1971) was used as the research tool. The obtained data were collected, encoded, and entered into SPSS version 16. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation) and graphical analysis. Also, in the inferential statistics section, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), as well as the Chi-square test and Bonferroni post hoc test, were used to examine the differences between groups in terms of dependent variables. The significance level of the tests was considered 0.05 or less.

The findings showed that in the uninvolved parenting style, the obsessive-compulsive group was significantly different from the normal group (p=0.024). That is, in this method, the mean scores of the obsessive-compulsive group (mean=17.73, SD=3.98) were significantly higher than the mean scores of the normal group (mean=14.97, SD=4.25). In the authoritarian parenting style, only the phobia group was significantly different from the normal group (p=0.004). In this method, the mean scores of the phobia group (mean=16.20, SD=5.41) were higher than the mean scores of the normal group (mean=12.36, SD=4.99). There was no significant difference between the groups in the authoritative parenting style regarding all pairwise comparisons (p>0.05).

According to the study findings, the uninvolved parenting style of mothers can cause obsessive-compulsive disorder, and the authoritarian parenting style can cause phobia disorders in children.

There is a convincing evidence that suggests high rates of obsessive-compulsive personality disorder in a sample of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Comparison and evaluation of different styles of emotional expression، with respect to its various subsets can clarify the characteristic of the two disorders and indicate the similarities and differences between them. The aim of this study was to compare the styles of emotional expression (expressiveness، control and ambivalence in emotional expression) in patients with obsessive-compulsive personality disorder، obsessive-compulsive disorder and normal subjects. To this end، in a post-event study of 43 patients with obsessive personality disorder، 41 patients with obsessive disorder and30 normal patients were selected in a screening method. They were tested in terms of obsessive compulsive disorder، obsessive compulsive personality disorder and emotional expressiveness، emotional control، ambivalence in emotional expression. ANOVA results indicated a significant difference in the control group and the ambivalence expressed emotion. It seems not only emotional expressiveness cannot be an indicator of differentiation for patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder but it is even not a good indicator to distinguish between a normal groups of patients. However، emotional control and the intensity of ambivalence in emotional expression may be an indicator of differentiation for the two disorders.

Emotional schema، cognitive-behavioral avoidance and cognitive-affective system have important role in generalized anxiety disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder. This study was aimed to compare emotional schema، cognitive-behavioral avoidance and cognitive-affective system among patients with generalized anxiety disorder، obsessive-compulsive disorder and healthy people. In an analytic retrospective study، 38 outpatients with generalized anxiety disorder and 35 outpatients with obsessive-compulsive disorder who attended to psychiatric clinic of Ebne-Sina hospital and four private psychiatric centers of Mashhad city and 58 healthy persons among staffs and students of these centers were selected for convenience sampling. Data were collected by the Brief Core Schema Scales (BCSS)، the Cognitive-Behavioral Avoidance Scale (CBAS)، the Intolerance of Uncertainty Scale (IUS)، Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) and Anxiety Sensitivity Index-revised (ASI-R)، and then were statistically judged by appropriate tests. According to self-schema، all kinds of cognitive-behavioral avoidance، intolerance of uncertainty، pathological worry and anxiety sensitivity، there was significantly difference among three groups (P<0. 001). There wasn’t significantly difference among three groups in terms of other-schema and wasn’t significantly difference between obsessive-compulsive group and healthy persons based upon fear of respiratory symptoms (P>0. 05). In regards to higher negative self-schema، cognitive-behavioral avoidance، and deficient cognitive-affective system (intolerance of uncertainty، worry and anxiety sensitivity) in patients with generalized anxiety disorder and obsessive-compulsive disorder than healthy group. Therefore، it is necessity to pay attention for tailored interventions in these specific symptoms of such disorders.