جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ارتز » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

 One of the treatment methods in the old age is to strengthen the sensory inputs. This study aims to evaluate the effect of knee brace on the electric activity of selected lower limb muscles during walking in older adults.

 The is a quasi-experimental and laboratory study. Participants were 30 older adults, 15 females (Mean age=62.66±3.84 years, mean height= 159.93±0.02 cm, mean weight= 73.86±11.56 kg, body mass index=28.82±4.17 kg/m2) and 15 males (Mean age= 68.93±5.88 years, mean height=175.07±0.03 cm, mean weight= 81.20±11.07 kg, body mass index= 26.44±3.19 kg/m2). The intervention was the use of a type of brace by restricting knee flexion and extension movements or knee support. Electromyography (EMG) data were analyzed in DataLITE and MATLAB applications using two-way ANOVA with repeated measures, and considering the significance level at P<0.05.

 The effects of braces on the electric activity of tibialis anterior, semitendinosus and erector spinae muscles were significantly different in the loading response, mid-stance, push-off and swing phases of walking. The effect of group on the electric activity of anterior tibialis and biceps femoris muscles in the loading response phase and for gastrocnemius medialis and biceps femoris muscles in the push-off and swing phases were significantly different. The interaction effect of group and brace was significant on the electric activity of the gastrocnemius and vastus medialis muscles in the push-off phase, and on the electric activity of the vastus lateralis and semitendinosus muscles in the swing phase.

 The knee brace improves the electric activity of selected muscles during walking in older adults. However, further studies are needed to prove this claim.

Everyone is required to walk and stand for long time in daily activities, especially in the workplace. As a result, the Ground Reaction Force (GRF) on the components and joints is so great that they sometimes reach several times the weight of the body. These forces can have devastating effects on the feet and ankles. Various studies have suggested different methods and factors for reducing the GRF while walking. The purpose of this study was to identify the different causes of factors and methods affecting the GRF according to the current study. 

This review study was conducted by searching the databases of ProQuest, PabMed, Web of Science, and MBS from 1995 to 2019. The keywords included chr('39')Ground Reaction Forcechr('39'), foot orthosischr('39'), chr('39')walkingchr('39'), chr('39')long term standing impact forcechr('39'). After reviewing the abstract and title of each study by the authors, the criteria for selecting the article were considered. At the control level of each article, based on the main design of the search, from 1 to 5 were scored as randomized control trial, prospective controlled trial (Cohort), case-control, pre/post, observational clinical consensus, respectively. The quality of the articles was evaluated and scored using the Down and Black tool.

Out of 82 articles, 21 articles were selected for analysis based on the criteria. Reporting scores, external validity, and internal validity varied between 4-8, 3-1, 5-2, 6-3, 7-4, respectively. From the studies performed on the molding insoles and the change in the loading rate of the maximum vertical GRF, there is a contradiction in proving it. Investigating the effect of foot orthoses in terms of material may lead to a further reduction in plantar.  

Determining the effect of different components on GRF in the sole of the foot will help us better understand the factors involved in quality of life. The four domains of gender, post, material, and molding had different effects. Due to the lack of articles related to the study of the effect of gender and the creation of posts in the insole on the GRF can not be decisive.

Proprioceptors of the plantar surfaces of the foot have less efficiency and the stimulation and reinforcement of them may be lead to reduction of falling risk. One of the methods to reinforce proprioceptor receptors in these individuals is using textured foot orthoses. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of textured foot orthoses on frequency spectrum of lower extremity muscles, stance time and comfort in individuals over age of 55 years during walking.

This quasi-experimental study was done on the 14 females and 14 males age ranged of 56-70 years with the ability to walk independently and with physical and mental health status. Subjects were compared during five conditions including without foot orthoses and using four foot orthoses (including small and large foot orthoses with two types of flexible and rigid), flexible and rigid large textured foot orthoses. The 8 electrodes were located on tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, semitendinisus, gluteus, and erector spinae in 3 lumbar vertebrae region muscles.

Frequency content of tibialis anterior and vastus medialis was significantly increased in males than female (P<0.05). Vastus medialis frequency during walking with large foot orthoses was more than walking without foot orthoses (P<0.05). The comfort level was different during flexible large textured foot orthoses condition compared with flexible small textured foot orthoses condition (P<0.05). The stance time was not significant between all conditions.

Increased frequency content of the vastus medialis muscle can increase the absorption and decrease the vertical loading rate imposed on the foot, which in turn reduces the risk of injury of the lower limb in older adults.