جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « اسمیر مثبت » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Changes of pulmonary tuberculosis on chest radiographs varies.According to recent studies, the incidence of unusual radiological findings has increased, but a comparison in relation to the changes before and after the treatment has been done. This study evaluates the diversity of radiographic views in pulmonary tuberculosis patients before and after treatment.
In this study, the chest radiographs of 85 patients with smear-positive TB were evaluated before and after treatment. The type and extent of parenchymal and mediastinal abnormalities was reported by a radiologist and data were analyzed with software spss 21.
The most common radiologic pattern was infiltration, 75 cases (88.2%) before treatment and 43 cases (50.5%) after treatment. Most Abnormalities were seen in the right lung. The most lobes was the left upper lobe The frequency of collapse and calcification pre-treatment and infiltration after treatment showed significant correlation with increasing age. The risk of calcification was higher in older age.
Although the disorder CXR TB patients varied, but two lesions infiltration and Hillary lymphadenopathy include the highest frequency. However chest rdiographic lesions showed no consistent pattern in patients with PTB but the radiographic findings in addition clinical findings are helpful in the preliminary assessment and response to treatment .

Based on TB control program, evaluation of persons in close contact with pulmonary TB patients is very important. Evaluation of assessment process and services provided to close contacts and also evaluation of defects in this process can be helpful for proper planning. In this study we evaluated the prevalence of tuberculosis among close contacts of TB patients and the services provided for them in Sanandaj during 2009-2011.
This cross-sectional study (descriptive-analytical) included all persons in close contact with smear positive TB patients, who had been registered in TB control center of Sanandaj according to TB Country Guide, from 2009 towards the end of 2011 (three years). Data of all close contacts of the smear positive tuberculosis patients were obtained from the medical records. The close contacts were evaluated based on history and physical examination. Using SPSS software, data were analyzed by chi-square test and Fisher's exact tests.
In this study, 298 close contacts of TB patients were assessed. According to the records, 248 contacts (83.1%) had been evaluated at the time of diagnosis of tuberculosis in the patients. Also, after completion of TB patient’s treatment, only 111 (37.2%) members of the families had been followed. There were no statistically significant differences between male and female in regard to the services provided to the close contacts (p>0.05). 137 (57.3%) subjects had long term contact and 102 (47.2%) had limited contact (p=0.022). Among those who had been referred to specialist, 4 (23.5%) and 13 (76.5%) subjects had long term and limited contact respectively which showed a significant difference (p=0.012). In this study one new smear positive TB patient was diagnosed.
The results of this study showed that about one fifth of close contacts have not been evaluated at the time of diagnosis of TB in the patients and more than half of the contacts had not been followed. Although the percent of services for those with long term contact was higher, essential measures such as medical history and physical examination had not been implemented.

Tuberculosis (TB) is the main cause of death in the world. Half of the patient eventually will die during first 5-year of infection if they do not receive suitable treatment. According to WHO’s report, treatment success in Iran is lower than the regional and global mean. This study was conducted to identify the effective factors of treatment failure among tuberculosis patient in golestan province- Iran.
This cross- sectional study was conducted on 331 new smear positive tuberculosis patients that detected in TB laboratory in in golestan province-north of Iran during 2014. Inclusion criteria included weight more than 30kg, age greater than 13 years, diabetes, immune deficiency, liver or kidney diseases. Patients were treated according to a protocol for a period of two months on the DOTS strategy. The criterion of treatment outcome was sputum smear at the end of the second month of treatment. The effect of gender, medication regiment, age, weight, smoking, addiction and severity of smear basilli load on treatment outcome was assessed.
50.8% and 49.2% of patients were treated with combination and separate medicinal regiments, respectively. The conversion rate of smear positive was 67.7% at the end of the second months. According to multivariate logistic regression, the age of the patient (95% CI: 0.96-0.99, OR: 0.98, P=0.017), addiction (95% CI: 1.26-4.54, OR: 2.4, P=0.008), ethnicity (95% CI: 1.86-7.02, OR: 3.62, P=0.0001) and diagnostic smear bacilli load (P The success of two months treatment was fairly low and the important factors on treatment success during the intensive phase were patient age, smoking, addiction and diagnostic smear bacilli load.

Tuberculosis is known as one of the main causes of mortality worldwide. 1. 7 milliard people worldwide are infected with TB germs، there are 8 million new cases of TB annually، and three million deaths occur due to the disease in developing countries. This study included all the cases who had referred to all the health centers of Lorestan province with positive samples for acid-fast bacilli، or with symptoms consistent with TB، who had been treated for tuberculosis by physicians during 2008-2009. Out of 198 cases of TB in the province in 2009، 107 (54 %) and 91 (46 %) cases were male and female respectively. 109 (55%) cases of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis، 32 (16%) cases of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis and 45 (22/7%) cases of extra pulmonary tuberculosis، and 7 (3/5%) cases of TB recurrence have been reported during this year. In 2008، 149 cases of TB have been reported، with an incidence of 8. 4 per 100 thousand، out of them 79 (54%) and 70 (46%) cases were male and female respectively. 68 (45/6%) cases of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis، 35 (23/5%) cases of smear-negative pulmonary tuberculosis، and 35 (23/5%) cases of extra pulmonary tuberculosis have been reported. Considering the relatively high prevalence of tuberculosis in the province، reported cases of treatment failure and drug-resistant tuberculosis، it seems it is very important to diagnose the disease in the patients accurately and monitor drug consumption precisely.

Emergence of drug resistant tuberculosis is a global concern. It might cause reduction in the rate of smear conversion in pulmonary tuberculosis. The aim of the present study was to examine the role of primary first line anti tuberculosis drugs resistance on the rate of sputum conversion. In a cohort study between 2005 and 2006، all smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients (90 cases) treated in Tabriz Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center were included. Sputum smear and culture taken before and then 15 days and monthly for 6 months after standard four drug (INH، RIF، PZN، ETM) treatment were assessed. There were 90 smear positive patients (47 males and 43 females) in the study period. The mean time was 1. 5 and 1 month for smear and culture negativity، respectively. Only one case was resistant to INH، RIF، and STM، for whom second line drugs were started. Other four resistant cases had positive smear until six months of treatment but their cultures were negative at the end of second month. At the seventh month، their smears were also negative. Drug resistant tuberculosis is very infrequent in Tabriz and this mandates prompt surveillance and treatment of the patients in order to prevent emergence of drug resistant tuberculosis.

Tuberculosis is a chronic lung infection that has contaminated 1/3 of men worldwide and nowadays causes 2 million deaths and 9 million diseases. One of the can be can be assisted tests, in addition to smear, in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis is lung radiography. In tuberculosis patients radiography of negative smear samples, which is often diagnosed with delay, can be assisted. In the present study, radiographic changes of tuberculosis patients with positive smear and those with negative smear have been compared. In this descriptive, retrospective, and analytical study, out of 376 patients who had exactly been diagnosed as tuberculosis ones and had been referred to Birjand health center during 2001-2006. One hundred patients whose smear tests were positive, according to WHO's standards, were selected. Then, among negative smear patients 100 individuals who were demographically compatible with positive smear ones were chosen. All of them had x-rays from their lungs, which were then interpreted by a radiologist. Moreover, all patient's sputum tests were done in the reference lab of the Health Center under a technician. The obtained data was analyzed by means of frequency distribution table and descriptive statistics using SPSS (version 15); and Chi-square statistical test. Except reticulunoduler infiltration, relative frequency of other radiographic findings in positive smear patients was more than negative smear ones; and only in the variables calcification, adenopathy of the lungs hilum, mediastinal widening, and patchy infiltration the difference was statistically significant P<0.05. Regarding the results of the study, although radiographic changes are not decisive in the diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis if they are accompanied by clinical symptoms and sputum smear, they can be assisted.

Background and Nowadays, tuberculosis (TB) is still growing as one of the biggest human killers in all ancient years, in spite of there are effective drugs and diagnostic tools. In recent years, the incidence rate of this disease has increased. This study was conducted to evaluate the epidemiologic status of Pulmonary Tuberculosis and its associated risk factors in Qom province during 2002-2010. This study was performed as a descriptive-analytic study, on TB patient's diagnosing during 2002 to 2010 in Qom Province. The data obtained from TB patient's documented files. Data analysis has been done by SPSS software, and with T-test and chi-square. A total of 1035 Pulmonary TB patients (744 positive smears and 291 negative smears) were diagnosed during 2002-2010. Lowest incidence rate were observed in 2002 (9.59 per 100000) and the highest rate were observed in 2008 (13.6 per 100000). Mean age of injured population was 47.43 ±20.92 Disease incidence rate during years of study hasnt increasing or decreasing significant trend (p>0.05). Based on the findings of this study, more attention to case finding in the age group 65 and upper years and foreign refugees (afghan) is recommended. It seems to be necessary some workshops for general physicians about case finding, early diagnosing of patients, and also general health education for public are suggested.

The characterization of any disease have important role for the evaluation and control strategy and programming of diseases. This study was done to determine the epidemiology of Tuberculosis in Iran during 2001-08.

In this descriptive cross sectional study, Annual percentage change (APC), average annual percentage change (AAPC) of Tuberculosis incidence rate, mortality of Tuberculosis, case detection rate, success percentage in Tuberculosis treatment and relapses cases during 2001-08 have been studied in Iran. Linear segmented regression model was used for analysis trend of Tuberculosis and estimate parameters.

The trend of Tuberculosis smear positive (SP) incidence rate was reduced in Iran during 2001-08. Anually, 4.1% and 3.6% reduction took place in incidence rate and relapses cases, respectively. Tuberculosis mortality decreased annually by 6.8% and success in case detection increased by 2.5%. The Tuberculosis treatment though AAPC is decreasing by 0.5%. The trend of Tuberculosis are higher among women and in both sexes over 65 years of age.

This study showed that trend of SP pulmonary tuberculosis and treatment success rate is decreased, but case detection was increased.

In this analytic cross-sectional study 248 tuberculosis patients (151 with positive smear and 97 with negative smear) were included. The required data were gathered from the records of patients. SPSS 16 was used to analyze the data. there is a significant difference between positive smear patients and negative smear patients related to symptoms such as coughing, mucus existence, and sweating (p<0.05) but no significant difference in the symptoms fever, weight loss, asthma and bloody mucus (p>0.05). Among the investigated clinical symptoms no significant differences between patients with TB smear positive and negative. Thus when the person suspected with smear negative it is necessary to be followed in TB smear negative not relying on only negative of smear test result.

Pulmonary tuberculosis is one of the oldest and most well- known human diseases which have been with man since ancient times. The incidence of TB has been increasing over the past decades. The aim of this study was Epidemiological investigation of pulmonary tuberculosis in Urmia during 2004-2007. The data for this deh1ive-analytic study was obtained from TB patients documented files diagnosed during 2004-2007. The data were analyzed using SPSS and WinPepi software. According to the findings of this study 248 Pulmonary TB patients (151 positive smears and 97 negative smears) were diagnosed during 2004-2007 (four-year incidence rate= 29.54 per 100000). 66.1% of the patients (164 persons) were males and 33.9% (84 persons) were females. The incidence rate of 6.55 in 2004 increased to 8.2 in 2007; this increase was not statistically significant however (Trend P.V=0.22). The results of the study indicate that incidence rate of positive smear TB was higher than that of negative smear TB and disease incidence rate increased in the four- year period.

Human has been suffered from tuberculosis (TB) more than any other diseases. Prevalence of TB in Kurdistan province has not been determined yet. Estimation of TB prevalence is difficult and is usually approximated by using some global and local indices, which may be far from that virtually exist. This work was conducted to estimate TB prevalence in one of the Sanandaj suburban regions, mainly to approach the difficulties of TB estimation in the field, in hope to facilitate further study in larger scales. In prevalence study using designed questionnaire, 1531 persons were screened based on demographic, general health condition, and clinical signs of tuberculosis. Persons with prominent signs of TB were evaluated clinically. Sputum of 24 persons suspected to TB was collected in three consecutive days and stained by Ziehl-Neelsen method and examined for Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB). Analysis of data in relation to constitutional signs of TB showed that 38 persons (2.5%) had coughing for more than 3 weeks, 67 (4.4%) had night sweating, 66 (4.3%) had loss of appetite and weight, and 7 (0.5%) had a history of hoemoptysis. Of 24 sputum 15 specimens were mainly saliva and one specimen was positive for AFB in all three successive day specimens, which mean 65 per 100000 prevalence for smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis in the region which has been studied. The results of this study showed that: 1- A combination of health staff, student and university workers can have good performance in field of research especially Health System Research (HSR). 2- People do not like to be known that have been affected. 3- The quality of sputum in most cases is not suitable. The estimated TB prevalence in the study region was much higher than the estimated of prevalence, for the country and which was done in the city of Bijar. The same study in a larger scale to obtain the prevalence of the disease is suggested.