جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "اوربیت" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Microphthalmia is defined as the presence of a small eye inside the orbit, which occurs 30 times per 100,000 live births. 11% of which have been reported blind. Microphthalmia is associated with systemic anomalies in more than 50% of cases and has multiple and complex environmental and chromosomal causes. And in it chromosomal replication, deletion and displacement play an effective role. This study reports a case of unilateral microphthalmia referred to Shahidan Mobini Hospital in Sabzevar.

Case report: 

A 35-year-old pregnant woman born to a 33-week-old mother with a gestational age of 33 weeks and one day is based on NT sonography. Examination of the left eye's microphthalmia was observed on the first day after delivery.

According to the reported case, in order to prevent such a very worrying birth, it is necessary for obstetricians and gynecologists to pay special attention to this point in the periodic examination of pregnant mothers in the second trimester ultrasound of pregnancy and if The pregnant mother was exposed to X-rays or had infectious diseases or other risk factors such as long-term use of thalidomide, warfarin and alcohol, vitamin A deficiency, in addition to ultrasound, it is recommended to perform genetic testing if possible.

Hidrocystoma are benign adnexal cystic lesion originating from sweat glands (eccrine or apocrine) which are often observed in the head and neck. Periocular hidrocystomas are relatively uncommon which can occur as single or multiple lesions. There is no gender or race predisposition for the prevalence of hydrocystoma. Spontaneous resolution is rare, especially in large cysts, and definite treatment usually requires surgery and complete removal of the cyst wall.

Here we present the case of a 44-year-old male admitted to our clinic with mobile mass in lower eyelid and conjunctival cystic lesion which had increased in size over the previous 6 months. All other ophthalmologic findings were within normal range in both eyes. The mass was exposed by blunt dissection through the lower palpebral conjunctiva. Excision was continued by careful blunt dissection in order to avoid capsule rupture and the cystic mass was removed from the surrounding tissues. The dimensions of the cyst was 8x12x10 mm macroscopically. Histological incision revealed a benign cystic mass lined with a single layer of columnar epithelium which demonstrated eccrine hidrocystoma.

Although eccrine hidrocystoma lesions rarely involve the orbit, they should be considered in differential diagnosis of cystic swelling in periorbital region. If the lesion is completely removed without rupturing capsule (such as the patient in this case study), the recurrence will be extremely rare.

Orbital xantogranuloma is a rare ophtalmic disease with systemic involvment in some case. Most of the patients presents with red eye and hyphema. Topical or systemic corticosteroid with or without surgery has been used for treatment of these patients. Here presents a young female with orbital xantogranuloma which was managed by combination of medical and surgical treatment with complete resolving.

Raising knowledge about skeletal and soft tissue changes with aging has been highly essential due to an increasing demand for esthetic facial surgery due to aging. The aim of this study was to evaluate the three-dimensional computed tomography images to assess changes in the orbit with aging. In this analytical-descriptive study facial bone computed tomography (CT) scans were obtained from 66 subjects (33 females, 33 males). The subjects consisted of 11 males and 11 females in each of the three age categories: 20-40, 41‒60 and over 60. Each CT image was reinforced by using the Volume Viewer three-dimensional analysis software program. Linear measurements were carried out using Workstation GE 403 software program. Orbital aperture width was measured as a line drawn from the posterior lacrimal crest to the fronto-zygomatic suture. This line was then used as the x-axis from which the distances to the superior and inferior orbital rim at nine equal increments (labeled 1 to 9) were obtained. The height of the orbit was measured at 10 locations. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post hoc LSD tests (α=0.05). In both genders there were significant changes in the orbital width (p value < 0.001) with aging. There was an increase in the height of superior orbital rim in both genders (p value < 0.05), except for location 8, i.e. the most lateral point, in males (p value = 0.3). In addition, there was an increase in the height of the inferior orbital rim in both genders (p value < 0.05), except for location 1 (the most medial point) in males (p value = 0.2), suggesting that the inferior and superior orbital rims receded with age. Under the limitations of the present study, recession takes place in the width and height of the orbit with advancing age in both males and females. Knowledge about these senile changes might prove useful in esthetic surgeries, facial reconstructions and reconstruction of facial changes.