جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "ترکیبات طبیعی" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Lipid accumulation in the liver is associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), with obesity and insulin resistance being the main contributing factors. The AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway plays a crucial role in addressing lipid metabolism issues. Recent studies have demonstrated that the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling axis is involved in preventing and reducing liver damage. Upregulation of AMPK/SIRT1 can regulate lipid metabolism and oxidation in liver cells. In NAFLD, increased activity of AMPK/SIRT1 can inhibit the synthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol by down-regulating adipogenesis genes (FAS, SREBP-1c, ACC, and HMGCR). Therefore, activation of the AMPK/SIRT1 signaling pathway represents a potential therapeutic target for liver disorders. This review summarizes the most recent studies on the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway signaling axis and the mechanisms of herbal activators of the AMPK/SIRT1 pathway in non-alcoholic fatty liver

Background and Objectives Despite many studies on the new Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19),there is still a rate of disease mortality, which has made researchers to focus more on finding successfulantiviral drugs. In this regard, small molecule inhibitors have been suggested for their higher safety,lower toxicity, and cost-effectiveness. In this study, we applied virtual screening and docking analysis toidentify the prospective inhibitors of 3CL protease and ACE-2 receptorsSubjects and Methods In this study, 1,600 natural compounds were assessed by virtual screening. Theligands with a high affinity to bind to active site residues of target proteins were identified using theglide docking method and then were included in the induced-fit docking analysis in Schrödinger-Maestrosoftware.Results The found compounds such as Theaflavin and Delphinidin had a high affinity to bind to the receptors.They had higher binding energy and a potent inhibitory effect compared to common drugs such aschloroquine.Conclusion The introduced natural compounds can be used to suppress COVID-19. The results may helpdevelop new drugs or formulations to combat COVID-19; however, clinical trials are needed to examinethe potential of these small molecules alone or in combination with other medical procedures.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) plays an indispensable role in the gastric cancer. Antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects of herbal medicines have been outlined in various studies.

In this review study, the association of H. pylori with gastric cancer and antibacterial effects of herbal medicines was evaluated using previous published data. Key words included Helicobacter pylori, virulence factors, gastric cancer, thioredoxin-1 and herbal medicines. Searching engines included “Google”, “Google Scholar”, “PubMed”, “SCOPUS” and “Web of Science”.

Virulence factors of the H. pylori alongside the host and environmental factors cause various gastric outcomes. Some of natural compounds have the potential of bactericidal effects, particularly those with multi-drug resistance and anti-biofilm effects against H. pylori. Antibiofilm agents have been mainly isolated from natural products, many of which are "secondary" metabolites and can be produced by microorganisms, such as phytochemicals, biosurfactants, antimicrobial peptides and microbial enzymes, etc.

This study revealed that H. pylori virulence factors such as recently identified thioredoxin-1 play substantial role in gastric ulcers and cancer. Herbal medicines contain various bioactive compounds which have potential antibacterial and anti-biofilm effects. Formulation of these compounds can enhance bioavailability and stability within the gastrointestinal tract.

Normal tissue injury is one of the biggest concerns for cancer therapy as also exposure to radiation accidents. Damage to radiosensitive organs such as bone marrow and gastrointestinal system, lung, liver, and kidney is the most important reason for mortality or reduced quality of life caused by long-term side effects of exposure to ionizing radiation. The use of antioxidant compounds and radioprotectors is one of the best options for reducing radiation effects. This study is a narrative review that overviews the capability of antioxidants and natural plant compounds for ameliorating radiation-induced damage. Using natural antioxidants and radioprotectors is one of the best choices for the amelioration of radiation side effects. Although to date, some chemical agents have been studied for this aim, natural antioxidants with low toxicity are more interested in mitigation of radiation accidents after radiological and nuclear accidents. In the current review, natural antioxidants and herbal agents for the amelioration of damages caused by exposure to radiation will be discussed. The need for further research in this area is a significant gap that can be attributed to further applied studies in the future. It seems that natural radiomitigators can play an effective role in treating side effects and reducing mortality after radiation disasters. The need for further research in this area is a significant gap that can be attributed to further applied studies.

 Coronaviruses often cause acute complications in the respiratory system with cold-like symptoms. A number of them, such as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) and Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) have killed thousands of people and have caused epidemics and pandemics. This review study aims to investigate the most common medicinal plants in Iran and introduce their natural products with antiviral effects on coronaviruses and strengthening the immune system in order to prevent and control them.

 In this review study, a search was conducted in national and international databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, SID, MagIran and IranMedex by using keywords such as COVID-19, Coronaviruses, SARS, MERS, SARS-CoV-2, PEDV in both Persian and English for studies published until 2020, and finally 51 articles were selected.

 There are 10 plants with antiviral effects on members of the family Coronaviridae among which Ginger, Galangal, Cinnamon, Fennel flower, Grapefruit (peel), and Purple coneflower were effective on COVID-19. Elder, Ginseng, Aloe vera, Milkvetch, and Shirazi Thyme plants were effective in boosting the immune system and preventing viral diseases.

 Inhibiting the replication of viruses is the common mechanism in antiviral drugs, but natural compounds usually counteract it by disrupting key proteins and virulence factors of viruses. Therefore, the use of the antiviral components of reported plants can be useful in producing drugs for these viruses, especially the one causing COVID-19.

Liver, is the main organ of metabolism and excretion. Liver injury induced by hepatotoxins, such as CCl4 (carbon tetrachloride) has been well recognized as a toxicological problem in the world. Several studies have been shown that Carbon Tetrachloride produces hepatotoxicity in human as well as in various experimental animals. During the process of CCl4 poisoning, generation of reactive intermediate metabolites from the metabolism of hepatotoxins, and the occurrence of Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (ROS and RNS) during the inflammatory reaction account for a variety of pathophysiologic pathways leading to cell death. On the other hand, Oxidative stress (resulting from an imbalance between the generation of free radicals and the antioxidant defense) affects macromolecules causing their structural alterations that lead to the cell damage and its death. Despite studies for decades as well as advancement of our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis and novel drugs, there are still limited effective therapeutic interventions for liver diseases. The general strategy for prevention and treatment of liver damage includes reducing the production of reactive metabolites by using antioxidants. On the other hand, In various investigations it has been shown that natural products such as Medicinal plants, have always been considered as a rich source of new effective compounds for treatment of toxicity induced by CCl4. in this article we will try to have a review of important studies about protective effect of natural products on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity.

Background and Cyanobacteria are rich sources of secondary metabolites. Antibiotic resistant pathogens are rising and people are more interested in using natural products these days. Hence, identifying competent cyanobacteria for the extraction of antimicrobial compounds is of great benefit. The main objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro antibacterial activity of methanol, ether and aqueous extracts of some species of cyanobacteria. In this experimental study, the cyanobacteria of Fischerella ambigua, Synechococcus elongatus and Schizothrix vaginata were obtained from the culture collection of algae at the Iranian Academic Centre for Education, Culture and Science. Extraction was performed by adding the solvent to cyanobacterial biomass and then filtering and drying of the mixture. The antimicrobial effect was studied using disk diffusion method and broth microdilution method was applied to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration. Results showed that methanol, ether and aqueous extracts of Fischerella ambigua and aqueous extract of Synechococcus elongatus had considerable antibacterial activity. Ether extract of Fischerella ambigua was the most effective against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis, and the average diameter of inhibition zone were 31/67 and 32/67 mm, respectively. The most effective extracts against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria were the aqueous extract of Synechococcus elongatus and the ether extract of Fischerella ambigua, respectively. Two species of cyanobacteria Fischerella ambigua and Synechococcus elongatus were found with significant antimicrobial activity. The aqueous extract of Synechococcus elongatus was the best for isolation of antibacterial compounds and diethyl ether was an efficient solvent for the extraction of antimicrobial compounds from Fischerella ambigua species.

Angiogenesis, the process of new blood vessel formation from pre-existing vessels, has important physiological roles in embryonic development, female reproduction cycle, and wound healing. It is also crucial for pathological processes in several diseases especially tumor growth and metastasis. Thereby, inhibition of angiogenesis as an addition to the conventional therapies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy has attracted the attention of scientists.

Different studies have shown that botanical derivatives specifically antagonize new vessel formation in tumors without significant toxicity to normal tissues and without major adverse reactions. Furthermore, many studies have revealed that the active ingredients of these natural products inhibit tumor cell proliferation through interference with other physiological pathways such as intracellular signaling pathways. A number of studies have also demonstrated that many traditional foods especially plant derived foods have preventive potential against around one third of cancers. Therefore, plant rich diet can inhibit the progression of many chronic diseases such as malignant solid tumors which are related to angiogenesis.