جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « جراحی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Hydatid cyst is a type of parasitic infection that causes damage to liver, lung and other body organs. A person who gets a hydatid cyst usually experiences severe complications and cysts develop in his body that must be treated as soon as possible. This study was conducted with the aim of epidemiological investigation of hydatid cyst surgery patients in hospitals of Qom province during 2001-2016.

This study was conducted in a descriptive-cross-sectional manner. The files of all patients with hydatid cysts operated on in educational and medical centers of Qom city (public and private) were examined by census. Then, the information related to the desired variables (age, sex, place of residence, occupation, involved organ, disease recurrence, serology and ultrasound for cyst) were recorded in the patient information registration form and then subjected to statistical analysis.

In this study, 72 women (51.8%) and 67 men (48.2%) were examined. The average age of the patients was 39.58 ± 15.18 years. The length of hospitalization of the patients was 5.58 ± 3.46 days. The most diagnostic method was CT scan 70 (50.4%) and the most serological method used for indirect hemagglutination patients was 124 cases (90.5%). The most involved organ in patients was the right lobe of the liver in 68 cases (48.9%). No significant statistical relationship was found between age, gender, occupation and location of hydatid cyst (P > 0.05).

Considering the importance of hydatid cyst disease in Qom city, it is felt necessary to conduct more comprehensive and updated studies. Also, it is felt necessary to educate and inform the society about this disease and to control and stop the parasite cycle.

Currently, sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is a surgical procedure performed for the treatment of obesity. Post-operative leakage is considered a rare but devastating complication of this surgery, with an incidence of gastric leakage and fistula after sleeve gastrectomy ranging from 1 to 2.4%. Most cases respond well to supportive treatment and rarely require surgery. This research presents a rare case of gastrocutaneous fistula caused by sleeve surgery, which did not respond to supportive treatment and ultimately required fistulogenostomy.
The research was approved by the Research Ethics Board of the University, with the ethics code IR.AJUMS.HGOLESTAN.REC.1402.466. A 30-year-old female patient who underwent sleeve gastrectomy surgery experienced severe epigastric pain two days post-operation and was admitted to the hospital five days later. Endoscopic findings revealed a large defect filled with pus at the site of the previous sleeve. Initially, collection drainage was performed under CT scan guidance, followed by the placement of a Double Pigtail Stent in the leakage area. As the patient did not respond to supportive and endoscopic treatments, laparotomy fistulojejunostomy and jejunostomy tube insertion were performed with a diagnosis of gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) leakage. Following the operation, the patient was transferred to the special care department of the hospital. The day after the procedure, the patient was conscious with stable vital signs and showed no signs of bleeding, hemoglobin drop, or sepsis. One week later, the patient was discharged in good general condition with the necessary recommendations. This study highlights the importance of considering surgical treatments for gastrocutaneous fistulas caused by sleeve surgery if they do not respond well to supportive and endoscopic interventions

Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer in women. Locoregional treatment of this disease includes surgery and radiotherapy. Placement of surgical clips to determine the tumor bed is very helpful in radiotherapy planning. It seems that in southwest of Iran, surgeons are less familiar with this issue or have not realized its importance, leading to their insufficient use of this technique. Therefore, our study was conducted to determine the frequency of clips placement in breast cancer patients in this region.

This retrospective study was performed on all women with breast cancer referring to the department of clinical oncology at Golestan Hospital from April 2016 to March 2017. The frequency of clips placement was determined among patients who had undergone breast conserving surgery in this 2-year period. The demographic and clinicopathological data of these patients were reviewed and analyzed.

Out of a total of 1059 patients with breast cancer, 944 (89.14%) underwent breast-conserving surgery, of whom 89 (8.40%) had undergone surgical clips placement. The mean number of clips was 3, and in 58 patients (65.17%) more than 3 clips were placed.

Considering the small number of clipped cases in this region (and probably throughout Iran), it is recommended that training workshops be held for surgeons so that they become more familiar with the importance and necessity of surgical clips placement and its technique.

Abdominoplasty due to the two maneuvers of fascia plication and flap resection is associated with the possibility of increased intra-abdominal pressure and its related complications. This study was conducted to evaluate the changes in intra-abdominal pressure during abdominoplasty, as well as its variables and possible complications.

This research was conducted as a cohort study on 20 female patients who underwent lipoabdominoplasty in 2022-2023 at Taleghani and Ghaem hospitals, Mashhad City, Iran. Patient information was collected in both demographic and clinical sections. Intra-abdominal pressure was recorded after anesthesia, plication, at the end of the operation, and the day after the operation, along with monitoring complications for one month.

There was a statistically significant difference in the mean changes in intra-abdominal pressure after anesthesia, plication, at the end of the operation, and the day after the operation. The increase in intra-abdominal pressure after anesthesia and after plication was only significantly related to the increase in the weight of the surgical specimen, but it wasn’t related to plication width.

Plication width was not related to increased intra-abdominal pressure in our study. Despite the significant increase in intra-abdominal pressure, no significant systemic complications were observed. In addition to monitoring the patient, the correct technique will ensure the safety and satisfaction of the patient.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediating role of body satisfaction on mental rumination and attitude towards cosmetic surgery. In order to achieve the goals of this research, the researchers selected 205 women from among all the patients who referred for cosmetic surgery to the hospitals of Qom using a simple sampling method, and to complete the questionnaires of attitude towards cosmetic surgery by Donald et al. (2018), rumination questionnaire. The thought of Hoeksma and Maro (1991) and Ten-Fisher test questionnaire (1970) were discussed. Amos software was used for data analysis. The results were obtained as follows: mental rumination and body satisfaction have a correlation coefficient of -0.43, mental rumination and attitude towards cosmetic surgery have a correlation coefficient of 0.49, and body satisfaction and attitude towards cosmetic surgery have a correlation coefficient of -0.37; This means that with the increase of mental rumination, body satisfaction decreases significantly and the desire to perform cosmetic surgery increases, and body satisfaction has an inverse and significant relationship with the attitude towards cosmetic surgery. The hypothesis of the current research was confirmed .

Urinary stress incontinence occurs due to weakness of the urethral sphincter and/or weakness of the pelvic floor muscles. The purpose of this study is to investigate the complications of TOT surgery in the treatment of women with stress urinary February.

This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on women suffering from stress urinary incontinence who underwent TOT surgery in Rohani and Mehregan Hospitals of Babol between March 2010 and February 2019. In order to record early complications, the medical records available in the clinic were referred to for the examination of patients one week and two months after the operation. The late complications of the operation were also investigated at the time of entering the study. Also, satisfaction with the procedure was scored using a visual scale (score 0 to 100). SPSS version 26 software was used in this study. Also, the significance level is less than 0.05.

The study included 59 patients, the majority of whom were housewives (91.5%), had an education level below high school (74.6%), and were menopausal (71.2%). The average age of the participants is 54.92±9.40 years. The most common postoperative complications were Dyspareunia (20.3%), lower urinary symptoms (13.6%), and incontinency (10.2%). Also, the rarest complications were intraoperative injury to the urethra or bladder (1.7%), mild Vaginal erogenous (1.7%), pain at the operation site (3.4%), and need for adjuvant treatment (3.4%). In response to the question of whether you would recommend this surgery to others who have the same problem, 53 people (83.89%) responded positively. The average level of patients' satisfaction with the operation (on a scale of 0 to 100) was 88.64±23.44. According to the T-test, there is a statistically significant relationship between the incidence of postoperative complications and the level of patient satisfaction (P<0.001).

Dyspareunia is the most common and complications during surgery such as damage to the urethra are the rarest complications of TOT surgery.

The great interest in cosmetic surgeries and the possible risks of these types of surgeries make it necessary to pay attention to health literacy for the applicants of these types of surgeries in order to evaluate and make correct decisions. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the level of health literacy of cosmetic surgery applicants The research method is cross-sectional. The research sample includes 189 applicants for cosmetic surgery referring to Hazrat Fatemeh Teaching Hospital in Tehran, and the Iranian Adult Health Literacy Questionnaire (HELIA) was used to collect the data. Descriptive statistics and U-Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis statistical tests were used for data analysis. The average health literacy of the participants was higher than the average of the questionnaire. The highest average is related to the understanding component (85.65) and the lowest average is related to access (76.60). There is a significant relationship between the average level of health literacy of women and men in the dimension of understanding and the average of health literacy. Also, there is a significant relationship between the level of health literacy and the level of education. Applicants with a higher education degree also have a higher level of health literacy. Also, the most sources of obtaining health information for applicants is the Internet (40.74 percent). Although according to the results of the research, the health literacy level of the cosmetic surgery applicants was above average, but it is necessary to provide the necessary training on promoting health literacy among different groups, especially people with low literacy levels. Also, it is necessary to provide valid educational and advertising brochures in health and treatment centers for applicants

Covid-19 Vaccination in pregnant women may affect the central nervous system of newborn, but this issue has not been confirmed and requires comprehensive investigations. Due to the fact that no comprehensive study has been conducted in Iran to investigate neurologic complications requiring surgery in infants born to women vaccinated with covid-19 vaccines, we decided to conduct this study with the aim of the effect of covid-19 vaccination of pregnant women on the occurrence of neuro surgical requiring intervention in newborns.

This retrospective cohort study was conducted with the participation of 718 pregnant women (429 vaccinated and 289 unvaccinated) during the year 2022; Maternal and neonatal complications and complications related to neurological procedures requiring surgery were recorded from the existing information system. Chi-square, t-test, ANOVA and multiple binary logistic regressions were used to compare the data of two groups.

Vaccination of Covid-19 in pregnant women leads to an increase in intracerebral hemorrhage (95% CI: 1.85-3.77 and (OR=1.41) and brain cyst (1.13-13.96: 95% CI: 1.55-3.77 OR=1) in babies born from them. While significant effect on hydrocephalus (OR=0.91), craniosynostosis (95% CI: 0.45-0.96 and OR=0.88), tubal defect There was no neurological (95% CI: 0.14-0.45 and OR=0.37) and vascular thrombosis (0.77-0.97: 95% CI and OR=0.89).

Covid-19 vaccination has been associated with many benefits and has increased public health; However, performing it in pregnant women has been associated with rare complications that were investigated in this study; The results of this study showed that the covid-19 vaccination in pregnant women leads to an increase in intracerebral bleeding and brain cysts in newborns; However, more studies are needed to confirm these results.

Diabetes is a set of metabolic disorders that manifest with increased blood sugar. This is a large pandemic disease that has several hundred million sufferers and a similar number of people at risk, and some people also show a pathophysiology similar to diabetes during injury and severe stress. Diabetic patients require hospitalization and surgery more than other people, and the mutual effects of surgery and diabetes can affect the course of surgery or its complications. Knowing the effects of surgery on diabetes, diabetes and its drugs on surgery and how to manage blood sugar during surgery can be a basis for timely and correct decision making.

Iatrogenic colonic perforation (ICP) is a rare but serious complication of colonoscopy, with an incidence ranging from 0.016% to 8% depending on the type and purpose of the procedure. Several patient-related, endoscopist-related, and procedure-related factors increase the risk of ICP, which most commonly occurs in the sigmoid colon. Following specific guidelines for colonoscopy performance and quality can help prevent ICP. Early diagnosis is essential, and imaging modalities such as radiography or CT scan may be needed to evaluate the extent of damage. The management of ICP depends on the size and location of the perforation, the presence of peritonitis or sepsis, the underlying colon pathology, and the patient's general condition. Endoscopic, surgical, or conservative methods may be used, but surgical consultation should always be sought urgently. Surgery is usually indicated for large perforations, signs of peritonitis, inadequate bowel preparation, severe comorbidity, failure of conservative treatment, underlying colon disease requiring surgery, transplant recipients, or immunocompromised patients. Laparoscopic-assisted exploration is the preferred surgical technique for ICP. The timing of a follow-up colonoscopy depends on the indication for the initial colonoscopy that led to ICP.

Although anesthesia and surgery have become less complicated and more successful in the present age than in the past, surgical anxiety and postoperative complications remain strong. The education given to patients can reduce these complications. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effective factors involved in post-surgery training to patients admitted to different surgical wards.

This study is a retrospective descriptive-analytical study that conducted in 1399 on 268 patients who underwent surgery in Nekouei, Hedayati, Forqani hospitals were informed with informed consent and in a questionnaire by an impartially trained staff through interviews with Patients were completed at the time of their discharge and the quality of education was assessed and the factors involved were investigated. The personal information of these patients remained completely confidential, so it is not clear which questionnaire belongs to which patient, and in addition, the name of the surgeon remained confidential.

Based on the desired surgical group, it was observed that the gender of the patients (P=0.001), the age of the patients (P=0.001), and the type of surgery in them (P=0.001) had a statistically significant relationship with their surgical group, which It is due to the difference in indicators in different surgical groups and the difference in their patients (Table 2). On the other hand, by evaluating and comparing the education status of patients with the information evaluated in them, it was observed that only education (P=0.12) and age of patients (P=0.48) had a statistically significant effect on their education status, so that With the increase in the level of education, the number of trained people has decreased, and the highest frequency and prevalence of trained people are in the age group of 18 to 50 years.

Based on the results of this evaluation, some factors affecting the results of patient education are identified, based on this and by relying on these results, the results of education of these patients can be improved.

In case of failure to obtain informed consents in pediatric surgery, the four principles of medical ethics have not been observed; as a result, patients’ rights will be violated, and the physician will be held responsible both in terms of medical ethics and legally. The reason is that in the absence of the patient or his/her parents informed consents, a crime has been committed. However, if a consent is obtained, in case the patient dies or is maimed and there is no proof of fault, only civil liability will be realized. Therefore, given the importance of obtaining informed consents, this study assessed the status of obtaining informed consents in pediatric surgery through considering the relationship between the individual giving consent and the patient's age, gender, and type of surgery in terms of being emergency or non-emergency.

In this analytical descriptive cross-sectional study, the data regarding consent forms in pediatric surgery at 17 Shahrivar Hospital, Rasht was collected from April 2018 to September 2019, according to a prepared checklist including the patient’s gender and age, the type of operation, and the relationship between the individual giving consent and the patient. To analyze the research data, ANOVA test was used for quantitative variables and Fisher's exact test was used for qualitative variables. The collected data was entered into SPSS version 21 and the significance level of p<0.05 was considered.

Ethical Considerations: 

This study has been approved by the Ethics Committee. Ethical considerations such as filling out the informed consent form; voluntary participation, explaining the research objectives and ensuring data confidentiality were observed.

Based on the results obtained from 187 cases, 61.3% had emergency surgeries and the rest had non-emergency surgeries. Among the individuals giving consents, 202 were legal custodians (66.2%) and the rest included the mothers without custody of their children (31.8%), the individuals with child custody letters (0.7%) and the individuals without a legal status (other than mothers) (1.3%). According to the results of the present study, among the legal custodians, 199 (98.5%) individuals giving consents were fathers and 3 (1.5%) were both parents. In the case of the individuals without a legal status, 97 (96%) were mothers, 2 (2%) were nurses, 1 (1 percent) was a foster mother and 1 (1 percent) was a grandmother. There was 1 individual with a child custody letter (50%) and 1 grandmother (50%). Based on the obtained results, it was found that gender (p=0.894) and age (p=0.336) had no significant relationship with the individuals giving consents; however, the type of surgery had a significant relationship with the individuals giving consents (p<0.001). Most of the individuals giving consents in emergency surgeries were the patients’ legal custodians.

In many investigated cases, ethical and legal standards were observed in obtaining informed consents from the children’s legal custodians. However, in none of these procedures, there was recorded proof of obtaining consents from children, which needs attention in the health system.

Mastectomy can have a negative impact on a women's self-esteem and sexual health. Breast reconstruction (BR) improves the psychological disorders and quality of life. So, with a low rate of BR in Yemen, we aim to assess the barriers that impede general surgeons from referring post-mastectomy patients for breast reconstruction.

This is a survey study to investigate the general surgeons’ knowledge, attitude, and practice toward BR in Yemen from January to March 2023. The survey was composed of 43 questions and categorized into four primary domains; demographic data, knowledge, attitude, and practice.

The majority of the respondents had good knowledge (80.3%) and attitude (75.4%), yet only 29% of them always discussed BR options with their breast cancer patients. Furthermore, only 16.9% always referred their fit patients to a plastic surgeon. Many surgeons (over 75%) believed that late-stage diagnosis, patient’s priority to treat cancer, lack of multidisciplinary teamwork, poor communication between general and plastic surgeons and financial limitation act as barriers for referral to BR.

The significant perceived barriers to BR in Yemen are lack of multidisciplinary team, late presentation of many breast cancer patients and financial constraints. So, we need to develop guidelines and a simplified referral protocol to facilitate access to breast reconstructive services provided by plastic surgeons.

Foot ulcers in diabetic patients are one of the common complications of diabetes mellitus that can lead to death and amputation. Managing these ulcers is one of the significant challenges for patients and their families. In this case study, according to the patient's physical and financial condition, a resistant diabetic foot ulcer was treated using maggot therapy.

This report relates to a 72-year-old man with a 5-year history of uncontrolled type 2 diabetes. The patient had a 1 × 1 cm gangrenous diabetic foot ulcer on his left heel that was resistant to antibiotic treatment. Despite regular care, the diabetic foot ulcer did not heal. The patient was referred to our wound management team, and the diabetic foot ulcer was treated using surgical debridement and larval therapy. Ten sessions of maggot therapy were conducted (one therapeutic session every 48 hours). After three months, the patient's diabetic foot ulcer improved, and was discharged in a better condition.

Infectious diabetic foot ulcers cause activity impairment and decrease the quality of life of the patient due to resistance to treatment and poor healing. Therefore, effective treatment approaches are necessary for managing diabetic foot ulcers. This case report demonstrated that surgical debridement and maggot therapy are safe and effective approaches to healing diabetic foot ulcers.

Spine injuries are one of the most common health problems. Patients who undergo spine surgery experience severe pain,which can affect the results,complications,and patient satisfaction.One of the problems faced by patients who candidates for spine surgery is anxiety. Anxiety is known to be destructive factor in the treatment process,which, if controlled, can have a positive effect on the results of the operation and the patient's physical condition.One of the ways to reduce anxiety is the use of visual media such as educational films.The present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effect of educational films designed on anxiety and awareness of spine surgery patients.

This clinical trial study was conducted with the cooperation of 90 patients undergoing spine surgery at Peymaniye Hospital in 1399-1400.For the intervention group, an educational video was provided, and for the control group,routine training was provided on the day before the operation.Anxiety and awareness of both groups were checked before and after the study.Data were analyzed by spss22 software using independent t, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests.

The average anxiety of all patients after the intervention in both the intervention and control groups was lower than before the intervention (p<0.001).The average awareness of patients before and after showed a significant difference in the intervention and control groups; So that the average awareness of patients after the intervention in the educational and control film groups was higher than before the intervention (p<0.001).

The results showed that in the group where the training was done in the form of a video,because it is more understandable for all levels of education and can reduce the anxiety of the patients and increase the awareness of the patients after the operation;and the use of the educational video as a tool is less is recommended to be cost-effective and effective in education.

Anal sphincter damage is a clinical condition that causes fecal incontinence and can severely disrupt a person's quality of life. Overlap sphincteroplasty is the most commonly referred surgical procedure for ASI repair. The aim of this study was to investigate the etiology and surgical outcomes of the patients with complete anal sphincter injury (ASI) in Imam Khomeini Medical Training Center, Urmia, Iran.

In this descriptive-analytical study, the study population included all cases of ASI surgery in the surgery department of Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia from March 2018 to March 2022 were investigated. Data has been analyzed by SPSS version 20 software using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square tests. A significance level of 0.05 was considered significant.

A total of 45 patients with ASI were selected. The results showed that there was a significant difference between severity and type of fecal incontinence (gas, liquid, solid) before and after the surgery in the patients with ASI (P<0.001). Also, according to the Wexner score, the severity of fecal incontinence before surgery (16.9 ± 3.7) was higher than it after surgery (4.1 ± 3.6), which indicates its reduction after surgery (P>0.05). Also, according to the Wexner score, the average improvement in incontinence was 14 ± 3.6 in women and 11.8 ± 4.2 in men no significant relationship, indicating that gender had no effect on the improvement of incontinence (P>0.05). Also, the results showed that the age of the patients had no effect on the recovery of fecal incontinence (P>0.05). However, the recovery rate of fecal incontinence in trauma patients was higher than the patients who underwent surgery (P<0.05).

The severity of fecal incontinence after surgery has decreased compared to it before the surgery, and the recovery rate of incontinence in childbirth and trauma patients was higher than it in surgical patients.

The aim of this study was to compare corticosteroid injection and corticosteroid injection with needle release (Pie-crusting) method in the treatment of plantar fasciitis in patients with heel pain.

The present study is a randomized clinical trial. The study population included patients with heel pain who had referred to a teaching center with plantar fasciitis for treatment during the years 2020-2019. The patients were randomly divided into two groups: corticosteroid injection and corticosteroid injection plus Pie-crusting method. The patients were visited again in the third (T1), sixth (T2), twelfth (T3) and twenty-fourth (T4) weeks post treatment, and the severity of pain and ankle and foot score (AOFAS) were determined at each visit. The data of this study were analyzed with SPSSv.24 software.

89 patients (46 in steroid injection group and 43 in "pie-crusting" group) were examined. Patients in the two groups were similar in terms of age, sex and body mass index. The two groups showed a significant difference in terms of VAS of pain only in the T4. The AOFAS in the T2 (p=0.039), in the T3 (p>0.001), in the T4 (p>0.001) statistically significant differences were reported. Comparing the angle of inclination of the calcaneus, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in the T4.

The results of this research showed good results in use of combination of corticosteroid therapy and "pie-crusting surgery" for plantar fasciitis.

Many of hip fracture patients need transfusion. We examined the frequency of blood transfusion, the relative factors, and the threshold of hemoglobin in hip fracture patients receiving blood transfusion before and during pelvic surgeries.

This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on all patients with proximal femur fractures who underwent hip surgery at Shahid Chamran Hospital in Shiraz in 2020. The frequency of blood transfusion, hemoglobin threshold, and the related factors was investigated.

Out of 218 patients, 65 (29.8%) had received blood out of whom 23 patients (35.4%) had received blood before surgery. The hemoglobin threshold before transfusion was 10.99. The average hemoglobin in patients who received blood was less than the patients who did not receive blood (p< 0.001) 10.55 ± 1.61 versus 12.45 ± 1.61. The average number of units used in patients who received blood was 2.30 ± 0.72 (1 to 4 blood units). The frequency of blood transfusion was related to hemoglobin before surgery, gender, type of anesthesia, type of surgery, history of anemia, duration of surgery, and surgeon. The amount of blood consumption did not depend on the patient age .

The average hemoglobin before transfusion was higher than previous studies. It seems that the blood transfusion threshold was higher than in previous studies. Considering the risks and costs of blood transfusion, it seems that physicians' education and emphasis on the use of restrictive transfusion strategy can lead to reduction of blood consumption, reduction of complications, and better blood management.

Hospital operating rooms during pandemics, new guidelines are needed to perform surgeries safely and effectively.

In this systematic meta-analysis study, articles published in the first half of 2020 were reviewed. In order to obtain related scientific documents, electronic search in Persian and English using the keywords Covid-19, operating room, surgery, epidemic in the databases of SID, Magiran, IranMedex, PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Sciences and Google scholar and extracting 144 articles Based on the purpose and relevance of the study results, the remaining 10 studies were reviewed.

Based on the results of the studies, personnel training, patient transfer management, management of Covid-19 dedicated operating room, infection control measures, reduction of surgeries to emergency cases, establishing a team and comprehensive approach to the case are the most important key areas studied. They were in the operating room.

A review of previous studies suggests that a well-codified and accurate plan for performing non-delayed and emergency surgical procedures in Covid-19 positive patients is mandatory. Hospitals should develop their internal protocols and provide adequate staff training involved in surgery and care for patients with Covid-19.

Laryngeal spasm is the narrowing or complete closure of the glottis due to the reflex contraction of the laryngeal muscles. The present study reports a case of upper airway obstruction following long-term use of a laryngeal mask in surgery.

A 45-year-old female patient who referred to a urologist due to urological problems with complaints of urinary bleeding and pain in the urogenital area. Based on trusting the surgeon's words about the shortness of the surgery, a laryngeal mask (LMA) was used for the patient, and propofol was used to anesthetize the patient during the operation. The patient's surgery gradually took longer due to suspicion of malignancy in the urinary tract and bladder, and the surgeon extended the surgery almost every 15 minutes. Finally, the surgery was completed after nearly three hours, and despite the fact that the patient had not taken any special medicine except propofol an hour before the end of the operation, but when he woke up, he had difficulty breathing. After about 30 minutes passed and the conditions were suitable, we extubated the patient with special precautions and transferred him to the intensive care unit for recovery and for further assurance.

Based on the results of the present study, long-term use of laryngeal mask is associated with the occurrence of laryngospasm after surgery, which can be considered as a result of long-term stimulation of the upper airway by the laryngeal mask.