جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « حوادث شیمیایی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Chemical accidents rank as the second most catastrophic events in recent decades. Preparedness for such incidents and their anagement, including the triage of chemical casualties among nurses in military hospitals, is crucial.

This study aims to investigate the impact of multimedia-based triage training for chemical casualties on the knowledge of nurses employed in a selected military medical center.

This semi-experimental study involved 54 nurses working in Mashhad Military Hospital in the year 2021-2022. The subjects were chosen using the convenience method and then randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (each group comprising 27 individuals). The intervention involved providing multimedia content at home, containing educational principles of triage in chemical accidents, instructions on how to handle the injured, and training on triage algorithms. Triage training sessions consisted of four sessions over four weeks. The control group did not receive any intervention. A researcher-made questionnaire was completed by the nurses immediately after the intervention and again one month later for both groups. Data were analyzed using statistical software (SPSS) version 21 and relevant statistical tests.

The study revealed no significant disparity in mean knowledge scores between the experimental and control groups prior to the intervention (P>0.05). Post-intervention and one month later, there was a notable discrepancy in mean knowledge between the experimental and control groups (P=0.001). The statistical analysis indicated a significant contrast in average scores within each group pre- and post-intervention, as well as between the two groups before and after the intervention (P<0.01).

The utilization of multimedia triage training for chemical casualties effectively enhances nurses’ knowledge levels and can refine their understanding of the appropriate triage procedures for such cases.

Triage is a dynamic process of the patient care chain that is used to determine priority for treatment, evacuation, and decontamination. The preparation of military nurses is essential for the isolation and triage of chemical casualties. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of the triage training of chemical casualties using a multimedia method on the attitude of nurses of a selected military hospital.

In this semi-experimental study, 54 nurses working in a military hospital in Mashhad, Iran in 2022 were selected and randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. The data collection tool included two sections of demographic information and a researcher-made questionnaire. Nurses' attitudes were measured in three stages before, after, and one month after the intervention. Then the data were analyzed using SPSS software ver.21 and with independent t-tests and analysis of variance of repeated measures.

There was no statistically significant difference in the average attitude score between the two groups before the intervention (P>0.180) but, a significant increase in the mean scores of nurses' attitude in the test group was observed after the intervention (P=0.001) and one month later (P=0.009), and the effect size of the attitude level was estimated in the medium range.

The results show the effectiveness of multimedia training on improving nurses' attitudes in the triage of chemical casualties; Therefore, it is suggested to use multimedia training in continuous training to improve the knowledge and attitude of nurses in response to disasters, especially chemical, microbial and nuclear events.

Chemical poisoning incidents are an important health problem with a long history all over the world and its occurrence in Iran's educational institutions in 2022 and the necessity of preventive, caused the authorities to pay special attention to the Issue. This study aimed to review the principles and requirements for the prevention and management of poisoning incidents in educational centers. The study was conducted by searching for keywords in national and international databases from 1994 to 2022. Due to the unavailability of related articles, several related books, guidelines, and authoritative websites were also reviewed. In intentional incidents, people are often exposed to poisoning by inhalation, eye contact, and skin contact. Children and Students are more sensitive and are the first to be at risk and show symptoms. The optimal management of the incidents requires the existence of preventive strategic plans to eliminate or reduce the risk severity. All the people present in the educational centers should be trained and gain sufficient knowledge about the preventive health tips for exposure to chemicals. In the event of an accident, timely preparation and response, especially the identification and recording of the initial clinical symptoms of the injured and the characteristics of the chemical agent, are essential to quickly identify the agent and speed up action in decision-making for the optimal management of the incident and preventing mass hysteria and disturbances in the psychological security of society. The results of this study show that creating motivation and teaching preventive strategies to perform health-promoting, safe behaviors, and reducing wrong behaviors have an effective role in reducing the occurrence of dangerous conditions and preventing poisonings, and helping in the event of an incident to provide the necessary services asap. It is expected that by informing and correctly implementing the requirements recommended in this article, an effective contribution will help to improve national stability against similar threats in the future, and by reducing the incidence and severity of poisoning, it will create the conditions for maintaining and improving the health of people and minimize the vulnerability of society, and prevent such incidents from reoccurring in the future.

Iran always exposed many chemical events and threats. Although, chemical events not common, they cause widespread and severe casualties. Hospital preparedness for these events has an important role in reduced morbidity and mortality. This study has attempted to develop a comprehensive and operational model of hospital preparedness against chemical events and threats in order to address existing challenges in hospitals and to fill the gaps.

A qualitative approach was used to identify the dimensions and factors affecting hospital preparedness and through content analysis, 37 semi-structured face-to-face interviews with managers, experts and victims of chemical disasters were analyzed. In the third stage, the extracted components from the previous stage were presented as initial model and validated by Delphi method. Finally, after validation of the initial model, the final model was explained and presented.

Qualitative study findings included 9 themes: hospital risk assessment, management and organization, human resource empowerment, law, coordination and communication, documenting and recording, socio-cultural origins, hospital contamination, and challenges. Each of these themes had several categories and sub-categories. Following a Delphi step, all questions reached a percentage of agreement above 75%. Drawing the relationships of the final extracted themes formed the initial conceptual model of hospital preparedness against chemical events and threats.

The present study showed that a model-based preparedness plan should be designed based on hospital capacities, hospital preparing level, up to date knowledge, personal protective equipment and adequate decontamination. Avoiding Security chemical events and raising the risk perception of managers, officials, and people will provide the basis for hospital preparedness. Followed by reduced the various undesirable consequences of chemical accidents.

The occurrence of chemical events causes a lot of financial, life and environmental damages. The purpose of this study is investigating and analyzing chemical events in Fars province between 2008 and 2017, to provide solutions based on chemical defense for immunization and emergency response to consequences.

This research conducted with practical approach and descriptive method. The study population consists of experts with operational experience in response to chemical events in Fars province (including 29 cities). The study tool was a researcher-made questionnaire which its reliability and validity were confirmed. Analytical Hierarchy Process with Expert Choice software has been used to investigate chemical events in Fars province.

166 chemical events in Fars province during the period from 2009 to 2018 was recorded. Industrial unit fires, road transport accidents, and gas leaks and gas leakage from the gas distribution network were the most significant incidents. The type of chemical that caused the event, human injuries and the location of the event were considered as the main criteria. Capital damage, proximity to residential area, and environmental and natural resources damage were considered as sub-criteria. The most important chemical defense solutions include; preparing a database of all chemical industries and factories, prioritizing chemical facilities from a risk perspective, conducting training programs for emergency teams, conducting medical examinations of people exposed to chemicals, cleaning up contaminated areas, and preventing the spread of contamination. 

This research has shown that most events were not only preventable, but also severely predictable. One way of immunity and emergency response to events is their timely analysis to identify the causes, most of which are human error and the factors affecting it.

Evidence from past wars of human history and the present century presents undeniable examples revealing the importance of civil defense. In Iran, there have been numerous attacks with a varietyof chemical gases during the eight years of the battle with Iraq. In addition, unintended accidents during earthquakes, hurricanes, and car accidents while transporting chemicals and chemical gases, although rare, are inevitable. For example, large-scale chlorine gas emissions have occurred. Because these events are rare, ED personnel are often not prepared enough to play an effective role in such situation, especially in the early golden hours after their happening. Due to lack of observation and repetition, preparedness of medical centers in terms of equipment and trained staff after the occurrence of attacks and accidents is a basic necessity. According to its inherent duties, Iranian civil defense organization is responsible for training and taking action to prepare hospital staff. This project, supported by this organization, aims to report how to confront with an accident or chemical attack in Loghman Hakim Hospital, a tertiary referral center for poisonings in Tehran, Iran, in 2019.

This project was performed as a maneuver with participation of 65 physicians, hospital personnel, and students at Loghman Hakim Hospital affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Initially, training workshops were held to raise theawareness and preparedness of the members of the crisis team and all active staff using existing texts and instructions. Then, a designed imaginary scenario was presented and acted as a maneuver on a non-holiday day between 9.30 AM and 4 PM.

Sixty-five physicians, hospital staff, and students attended the maneuver. The findings are reported in three levels of A: directorship and management level reaching almost 70% of its goals; B: operational level reaching about 70% of its goals, andC: termination of the maneuver and initiation of rehabilitation reaching almost 40% of its goals.

The maneuver was performed with almost 65% of the aims reached. Physicians and staff readiness was assessed to be moderate. Lack of equipment was undeniably obvious, especially in decontamination tools and protective clothing for employees. In general, our referral center of poisoning is not prepared enough to deal with any chemical accident or attack if it happens. More attention is needed to chemical accident/attack preparedness at least in all referral centers for clinical poisoning throughout the country.

It is a question that among all different types of electronic learning which one will be more effective in modern education. The aim of this study was to compare the learning level of nurses by multimedia software and web based methods in teaching nurses care in chemical accidents in one of the Tehran city armed forces hospitals. This quasi-experimental two-grouped study was performed in 2012 in nurses of one of the armed force hospitals of Tehran city. And 66 nurses were selected purposively and were randomly divided into multimedia software and web based groups. Education content، level of education evaluation questionnaire with 35 quadruple questions and 8 Objective Structural clinical examination (OSCE) stations for evaluating practical skills of two groups’ members were designed by the researcher. One group was trained by multimedia and one group received education under web. After collecting، data was analyzed by SPSS 16 software and paired and independent T tests. The difference of pretests scores was not significant between two groups. The score of posttest 1 were increased in both groups but there were a little drop in posttest 2 scores in both groups. The average scores’ differences were non-significant between two groups in stations 1، 2 and 4 but significant in stations 3، 5، 6، 7 and 8. Multimedia and web based learning methods have the same effect on learning levels of nurses.