جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « دهانشویه » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Oral mucositis as a complication of chemotherapy has posed significant challenges to the quality of life in cancer patients. Tricyclic antidepressants, including nortriptyline can control the pain caused by mucositis by inhibiting sodium channels. Since patient compliance and rapid drug effect are the goals of the proposed formulation, it was decided to prepare and evaluate a nortriptyline mouthwash according to the United States Pharmacopeia.

Based on the pharmacopeia, the necessary excipients in the nortriptyline mouthwash were determined, and the amount of each was specified. After validating the UV spectrophotometric technique, drug interaction with the mouthwash container was investigated. In addition to measuring the aqueous activity, necessary microbiological tests were also performed.

The UV spectroscopy method validation for nortriptyline was performed at the obtained maximum absorption wavelength (238.5 nm). The findings of the investigation of the interaction of polyethylene terephthalate container with nortriptyline indicate almost no drug adsorption into the internal part of the mouthwash container over 28 days. The results of antibacterial and antifungal/antimycotic tests were within the standard range of the United States Pharmacopeia. The mouthwash's aqueous activity was also found to be 0.81, indicating an unfavorable environment for microbial growth.

This study has shown that the prepared nortriptyline mouthwash meets microbiological resistance standards and there is no interaction between the active drug ingredient and the proposed container. Therefore, this formulation can be suggested as a promising candidate for clinical exploration.

Dental caries is the most widespread chronic disease ,in which bacterial plaque plays a major role in their occurrence. Considering the importance of dental plaque control, side effects of chemical products, availability of medicinal plants in the ecosystem of our country, therefore this study was conducted with the aim of comparing the effects of Ferula gummosa plant and chlorhexidine on cariogenic bacteria.

In this laboratory study, the aerial parts of the plant were collected from Tarom/Zanjan region. Herbarium sample identification was done by Zanjan Faculty of Pharmacy.The essential oil of Ferula gummosa was obtained by Clevenger apparatus and prepared by distillation with water. Serial dilutions of essential oils were prepared and the minimum inhibitory concentration and the minimum lethal concentration were determined. Disk diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibacterial effects of essential oilon the tested bacteria (Streptococcus mutans, subrinus, salivarius and Lactobacillus acidophilus). In order to evaluate bacterial sensitivity to essential oil and chlorhexidine, well plate method was used. The dates were entered the computer by the SPSS 22 software aand analyzed by independent Ttest.

In some samples, the antibacterial properties of Ferula gummosa were similar to chlorhexidine. Ferula gummosa plant extract had the most effect on Streptococcus subrinus and Salivarius. The diameter of the inhibitory zone in Streptococcus subrinus bacteria was non-significantly greater than that of chlorhexidine.

The antimicrobial effect of Ferula gummos essential oil on cariogenic bacteria was similar to chlorhexidine. It is recommended to use the compounds of this plant as an alternative to other chemical products (mouthwash and toothpaste).

Recent advances in the improvement of mechanical, physical, and esthetic properties of dental composites have greatly contributed to their increasing use. However, mouthwashes with an alcohol base may adversely affect some properties of composite resins, and cause problems such as discoloration, and composite wear. Considering the increasing use of composite resins, growing demand for esthetics, and increased consumption of mouthwashes, it is imperative to assess the effect of mouthwashes on the physical properties of composite resins, such as their surface roughness. This study aimed to examine the effect of an alcohol-containing mouthwash on the surface roughness of microhybrid and nanohybrid composite resins.

This experimental study was conducted with the code of ethics IR.IAU.DENTAL.REC.1399.049 on 3/24/2019 at the Faculty of Dentistry, Islamic Azad University of Medical Sciences, Tehran. Sixty IPS Empress Direct (Ivoclar) nanohybrid and Vit-l-essence (Ultradent) microhybrid composite resin specimens were fabricated were fabricated with 5 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness. The specimens were immersed in distilled water at 37°C for 24 hours and were then polished with aluminum oxide abrasive discs. The specimens were then immersed in 20 mL of distilled water for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the baseline surface roughness of specimens was measured by atomic force microscopy (AFM). IPS Empress Direct and Vit-l-essence composite specimens were randomly divided into two subgroups (n=15) for immersion in 20 mL of Listerine alcohol-containing mouthwash and Listerine non-alcoholic mouthwash and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. This protocol simulated the daily use of mouthwash for 2 minutes for a one-year duration. Their secondary surface roughness was measured by AFM. The change in surface roughness of specimens was analyzed and compared by two-way ANOVA and t-test.

The measurement of the initial surface roughness showed higher values in the microhybrid composite than in the nanohybrid composite. The greatest change in surface roughness occurred in the Vit-I-essence micro-hybrid composite following immersion in alcoholic mouthwash; while the smallest change occurred in the IPS Empress nanohybrid composite immersed in non-alcoholic mouthwash. Two-way ANOVA showed that the roughness difference was significant for groups immersed in alcoholic mouthwash, indicating different behavior of the two composite types following immersion in alcoholic mouthwash. The results showed that immersion of composite specimens in mouthwashes increased their surface roughness. However, the change in surface roughness of IPS Empress and Vit-I-essence composite specimens was significantly different following immersion in alcoholic mouthwash, and Vit-I-essence experienced a significantly greater change in surface roughness than IPS Empress.

The surface roughness of both composite types increased following immersion in mouthwashes irrespective of the presence/absence of alcohol. The surface roughness of both composite types after immersion was<0.2 µm, and therefore, clinically acceptable. Listerine alcoholic mouthwash increased the surface roughness of both composite types significantly more than Listerine non-alcoholic mouthwash. The increase in surface roughness of microhybrid composite was greater than that of nanohybrid composite following immersion in alcoholic mouthwash.

Mouthwashes play an important role in oral hygiene and prevention of tooth decay by reducing the proliferation of oral microbial flora. The purpose of this study was to investigate the antibacterial and anti-biofilm activity of Persica herbal mouthwash, Mouthwashes with fluoride (Misswake), without fluoride (Irsha) and chlorhexidine 0.2% against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguinis, in vitro.

To evaluate the antibacterial effect of mouthwashes on two standard strains of S. mutans and S. sanguinis, were used well diffusion and microbroth dilution methods and to examine their anti-biofilm effects, the microtiter plate method was used. The results were analyzed using SPSS software, version 21 and t-test.

In the well diffusion method, Misswake and 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwashes had an inhibition zone at concentrations of 500 mg/ml and 500 mg/ml to 125 mg/ml, respectively. The MIC of Persica and Misswake mouthwashes were determined at concentration of 500 mg/ml and chlorhexidine 0.2% at concentration of 31.25 mg/ml. Irsha mouthwash did not have any antibacterial effect. In microtiter plate method, anti-biofilm activity was observed only for 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash at concentrations of 125 mg/ml to 31.25 mg/ml. Persica, Misswake and Irsha mouthwashes did not have any anti-biofilm effects on the studied bacteria. The results showed that 0.2% chlorhexidine had a significant antimicrobial and anti-biofilm effects on the studied bacteria compared to other mouthwashes (P<0.05).

0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash has a very high antimicrobial power than other mouthwashes, but our study suggests that Persica and Misswake mouthwashes can be used as a mouthwash with proper antiseptic properties.

 Dentists play a crucial role in improving society’s knowledge regarding the use of mouthwashes. Therefore, such knowledge is essential during the dental education. The aim of this research is to evaluate students' knowledge, attitude and performance regarding the use of mouthwash among the students of Islamic Azad University at Isfahan as well as to compare free and state university students.

 In this descriptive-cross sectional study, a valid and reliable researcher designed questionnaire consisting of 26 questions was distributed among 134 Azad university dental student of different levels (basic sciences, fifth year and senior year) and senior students of Isfahan medical science dental school. One-way ANOVA, T-test, Shapiro-Wilk, Tukey and Pearson Correlation Coefficient tests were used for statistically analysis (α = 0.05(

 A significant difference was found between the knowledge, attitudes and performance of students in basic sciences, fifth year and senior year. However, there was no significant relationship between knowledge and attitude, knowledge and performance, attitude and performance of different educational levels.
No significant difference also reveals between the mean score of knowledge, attitude and performance of the students from the two universities.

 The results showed an improvement in knowledge, attitude and performance among students with increasing educational level. However, knowledge and performance remained at a moderate level. Also, raising awareness does not necessarily lead to good attitudes and performance.

Denture stomatitis is a chronic infectious lesion caused by Candida albicans along with other oral microflora in patients wearing dentures. A substance with fewer side effects should be established for the treatment of this lesion since it may lead to secondary complications for the patient. The present study was conducted by selecting and dividing 31 patients with denture stomatitis into case and control groups. Propolis mouthwash and Placebo were prescribed in the case and control groups, respectively. The participants were evaluated according to the severity of the lesions based on the clinical examination which was recorded in the datasheet by the examiner on the first, fifth, and tenth days after the start of the study. The results were statistically analyzed by SPSS software (version 24.0) using Shapiro-Wilk, Fisher’s Exact, One-Way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Friedman, and Bonferroni tests. A P-value less than 0.05 is statistically significant. The two groups were homogeneous in terms of age (P=0.282), gender (P=0.890), and denture stomatitis severity (P=0.203) at the beginning of the study. However, the improvement of denture stomatitis in the case group was significant compared to that of the control group after 5 days (P=0.014) and 10 days (P<0.001). The results displayed that the severity of the lesions significantly reduced in patients who received Propolis mouthwash. Consequently, Propolis simultaneously offers antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties, and it relieves denture stomatitis without any side effects. Therefore, it can be recommended to physicians as a routine medication.

  Panoramic radiography is routinely used in addition to clinical examination for diagnosis and treatment plan in orthodontics. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and location of random dental and pathological findings in panoramic images before orthodontic treatment. Related  to attending of private orthodontic clinic during 2013-2018.

 In this cross-sectional descriptive study, primary panoramic images of 510 orthodontic patients who referred to a private orthodontic office in Sari during 2013-2018 were used.  Panoramic images were examined independently by two observers after stabilization in light conditions and standard magnification on a monochromatic screen.    Data were analyzed using Chi-square test.

 Panoramic images of 510 patients (274 images of female patients and 236 images of male patients) with a mean age of 32.3 years were used in this study. The frequency of tooth and root abnormalities was 26.65%, with the highest finding related to impacted teeth (19.6%) and the lowest related to root dilaceration (0.39%).The frequency of pathological lesions was determined to be 9.42%, the most common of which was associated with apical pulp lesion (4.71%) and the rarest bone sclerosis (0.39%). There was no significant difference between the two sexes and between the two jaws in terms of the frequency of pathological lesions and root dental abnormalities except impacted teeth. The frequency of impacted teeth in female (P value = 0.002) and in maxilla (0.007) P value =) was significantly higher.

 Clinicians should always be aware of the potential for pathological findings and dental abnormalities in patients' primary panoramic images, which is a valuable radiograph to detect abnormalities.

Periodontal is a group of inflammatory diseases that can cause tooth loss. This study investigated two types of mouthwash, chlorhexidine and green tea of the Irsha and Colgate brands to patients with moderate chronic periodontitis based on gingival factors, including gingival index (GI) and sulcus bleeding index (SBI).

Ninety patients were divided into three equal groups: chlorhexidine, Colgate green tea, and Irsha green tea. The sampling patients were randomly selected among adults with moderate chronic periodontitis. The SPSS statistical software (version 22) was used for data analysis. An independent t-test was used to investigate the significant difference between treatment groups and paired t-test was used to assess the significance of GI and SBI parameters before and after treatment with mouthwash in each group of patients. P-values less than 0.05 indicated significant differences between the groups.

There was no significant difference between the chlorhexidine and Colgate green tea groups regarding the GI index (P=0.023). However, Irsha green tea has significantly reduced the GI index compared to chlorhexidine (P=0.025) and Colgate green tea (P=0.021). In addition, the statistical results did not show a significant difference between chlorhexidine and Colgate green tea in terms of the SBI index (P=0.116). However, Irsha green tea has significantly reduced the SBI index compared to chlorhexidine (P=0.003). The amount of SBI index in the two green tea brands was similar (P=0.445).

The effectiveness of Colgate green tea mouthwash in reducing GI and SBI index was similar to chlorhexidine; however, the effect of Irsha green tea mouthwash on these indices was significantly less than that of chlorhexidine mouthwash. Between the two brands of green tea, no noticeable changes in the reduction of the SBI index were observed.

Oral diseases, especially dental caries, are still prevalent in the most developing countries which cost a lot for patients and the health care system. One of the most important ways to reduce costs is to prevent caries. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of chlorhexidine and fluoride mouthwashes in comparison with Nanosil D1+F combined mouthwash on Streptococcus mutans in vitro.

In this experimental study, well diffusion method was used to evaluate the diameter of the growth inhibition zone of the mouthwashes (chlorhexidine 0.2%, fluoride 0.05%, nanosil D1+F). Then, MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration) and MBC (minimum bactericidal concentration) of the mouthwashes were evaluated by the standard microdilution method.

Based on the results of the well diffusion method, the diameter of the growth inhibition zone for fluoride, chlorhexidine, and nanosil mouthwashes was 9, 18 and 32 mm, respectively. MIC values were 125 mg/ml for fluoride mouthwash, 3.9 mg/ml for chlorhexidine mouthwash and 1.95 mg/ml for nanosil D1+F mouthwash. The MIC and MBC values were the same for each mouthwash.

According to the results of the present study, Nanosil D1+F mouthwash had stronger antimicrobial effects on Streptococcus mutans than chlorhexidine 0.2% and fluoride 0.05%.

The aim of this present study is to review the effects of antibacterial propertiesof oak fruit, inner husk of oak fruit, and Jaftex mouthwash.

The present study is a narrative literature review conducted using electronic databasessuch as ISI, PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, and IranMedex from 1995 to 2019.The keywords that were searched included “Oak fruit”, “Oak tree”, “Jaftex mouthwash”, “Antibacterial”,“Antimicrobial”, and “Microorganism”.

Review of previous studies showed that oak fruit, Jaft, and Jaftex mouthwash have antimicrobialproperties against different microorganisms. Jaftex mouthwash significantly reduced number of microorganismsin mouth, however it had less antimicrobial effect compared to chlorhexidine. Jaftex had agreater inhibitory effect on bacterial growth than Matrica and Persica.

Oak fruit and Jaft have antibacterial properties which is related to presence of phenols, tannin,proteins. Various studies confirmed antibacterial property of these types of plants. The antibacterial characteristicsof Jaftex mouthwash is mainly related to Jaft extract. Jaftex is recommended as an antibacterialmouthwash.

One of the most important duties of a nurse is oral care of anesthetized patients that can prevent many complications. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the effect of mouthwashes (echinacea, listerine and chlorhexidine) on the microbial flora and the severity of oral health disorders in intensive care units.

This study was a clinical trial in which 180 patients in the intensive care unit of Imam Hossein and Shohada Tajrish hospitals in Tehran in 2020 were studied. Individuals with a level of consciousness less than 8, with an endotracheal tube, within the age range of 15-65 years, were assigned into three groups of 60 people by randomized hexagonal blocking method. To collect the data, in addition to the saliva sample test, the "tooth value" (BOAS) was used and each of the mouthwashes of Echinacea, Listerine, and Chlorhexidine were used twice a day for the patients in the groups and after a weekthe data were collected. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software.

The results showed that there was a statistically significant difference between the three groups in terms of the frequency of positive and negative bacterial cultures before and after the intervention. In addition, the use of mouthwashes changed the severity of oral hygiene disorders from moderate to mild (p <0.05).

Since the use of all three types of mouthwashes reduces the severity of oral hygiene disorders and considering the benefits of herbal compounds, Echinacea can be suggested as a suitable alternative to other mouthwashes, especially chlorhexidine.

The use of methods with minimal complications and risk is of utmost importance in the promotion of oral hygiene in the care of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. The present study aimed to compare the effect of chamomile mouthwash and chlorhexidine gluconate on dental plaque and oral mucosal lesions of patients under ventilator in the intensive care unit.

This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 50 eligible patients who were selected via available sampling method from among trauma patients in the ICU of Imam Reza (AS) Hospital in Birjand. They were assigned to two groups of chamomile extract 10% (n=25) and chlorhexidine gluconate 0.2% (n=25) by block randomization. In each group, the solution was used three times a day every 8 hours for 5 days. The instruments were the Backas Assessment Checklist (BOAS) and the Mucosal Plate (MPS).

In both groups, the mean total score of oral mucosal lesions and dental plaque significantly decreased 2 and 5 days after the intervention, compared to the pre-intervention (P<0.001); nonetheless, the two groups were not significantly different in this regard (P>0.05). Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean changes in the total scores of oral mucosal lesions and dental plaque at different times in the two groups (P>0.05).

Chamomile mouthwash and chlorhexidine mouthwash have similar beneficial effects on dental plaque and oral mucosal lesions of ventilated patients admitted to the ICU.

Nanosilver particles have the potential to serve as bactericidal agent because of the antimicrobial influences of silver ion. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the antimicrobial and antibiofilm properties of nanosilver against two dental plaque microorganisms, namely Streptococcus mutans (Sm) and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa).

Initially, growth inhibition zone test was performed in brain heart infusion agar medium using Cup-plate method. Subsequently, microdilution method was utilized to determine the Minimal Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentrations (MBC). Furthermore, the kinetics of bacterial death was assessed by the Time-Kill Test in different time points (i.e., 30, 60, and 120 sec, as well as 5 min). In addition, the effect of these microorganisms was investigated on the formation of the bacterial biofilms using the tissue Culture Plate Method (TCP).

The results of the t-test indicated that chlorhexidine (120 μg/ml) and nanosilver (200 μg/ml) had the same antimicrobial effect on S m, whereas chlorhexidine was more effective against Aa (P<0.0001). The MIC and MBC of silver nanoparticles were 3.90 and 3.90 μg/ml for Sm and 6.5 and 13.01 μg/ml for Aa. The kinetics of bacterial death evaluation demonstrated that in both tested bacteria, the antimicrobial agents were able to reduce microorganism populations regarding 6 algorithmic cycles significantly after 30 sec of the contact with the antibacterial agent. The t-test statistical analysis showed no significant difference between nanosilver and chlorhexidine groups regarding the biofilm decreasing percentage for Sm and Aa (P>0.05).

Nanosilver had rapid and significant antibacterial effects against dental plaque microorganisms. It is also very effective in inhibiting biofilm formation in two bacterial species in in vitro condition.

Oral chronic lesions (OCLs) are challenging inflammatory diseases. Clobetasol is the most effective corticosteroid in treatment of OCLs. Clinical studies showed positive effects of aloe vera gel in improving the signs of inflammation and ulcer in OCLs. The aim of the present study was to design a mouthwash containing aloe vera gel and clobetasol and evaluating its stability and antifungal efficacy.

Aloe vera gel was standardized and clobetasol was analyzed using a validated HPLC method. They were then mixed with suitable excipients to formulate a mouthwash. At days one and 45 after preparation, the pH, clearness, clobetasol assay, and microbial control (preservative test and limit test) of the mouthwash were tested. The efficacy of the optimized mouthwash on Candida albicans was tested and compared with two natural and chemical commercial mouthwashes.

Aloe vera gel 100ml contained 36 mg glucomannan. Quality control test confirmed physical, chemical and microbial stability of the mouthwashes after 45 days. The optimized mouthwash showed considerable effects on Candida albicans even at 1:10 and 1:100 dilutions.

Considering anti-inflammatory effects of aloe vera gel, it seems that the optimized mouthwash, in addition to having wound healing effects, may prevent candidiasis induced by Candida albicans in patients with OCLs.

All metal components of orthodontic appliances are somewhat corroded in the oral environment due to some changes in chemical, mechanical, thermal, microbiological and enzymatic factors which facilitates ion release. Ionic release can result in a discoloration of the surrounding soft tissue or allergic reactions in sensitive patients or even local pain in the area. In general, ions can cause toxic and biological side effects if their values reach the threshold, so the release of ions from the metal components of orthodontic appliances is important to us. The aim of this review article to determine the rate of orthodontic appliances ion release in different solutions.

A review of the literature was carried out in Pubmed, Google Scholare and Web of science database using selected key words (Saliva/ Titanium/Normal Saline/ Ion release Orthodontic appliance/Mouth wash/ Nickel/ Chromium). These searches were limited to the articles published from 2005 to 2018. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 25 articles were obtained.

Because of conflicts in the reported results, it was necessary to synchronize the measurement methods and also to use artificial saliva medium with normal pH as a control to achieve better systematic comparison.

There was significant differences in the ion release between mouthwashes. In all studies, the effect of pH and acidity has been shown to increase the release of these ions. In addition, stainless steel (SS) instruments had the least biocompatibility among all types of alloys evaluated.

Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is a prevalent infection of intensive care unit(ICU) accompanied with increased rate of complications and mortality. This study is raised with the aim of comparing effects of Chlorhexidine mouthwash with Herbal Cinnamon mouthwash on prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia among patients hospitalized in ICU.

Number of eighty-six patients admitted at ICU was divided into two 43-member groups. First group underwent moth washing using Chlorhexidine mouthwash2% and 2nd group underwent mouth washing using Herbal Cinnamol mouthwash. Frequency and onset of VAP incidence were compared in two groups.

Groups under treatment with Cinnamol and Chlorhexidine were not different considering demographic factors (P>0.05). In Cinnamol group, 25(58.13%) and in Chlorhexidine group, 27(62.79%) had pneumonia. Incidence of VAP was not different in two groups (P=0.826). In Cinnamol group, 32% of patients presented VAP prior to fifth day of ventilation and 68% after fifth day and in Chlorhexidine group 22.22% prior to fifth day and 77.77% after fifth day. VAP onset was not significantly different among two groups (P=0.536).

Chlorhexidine mouthwash in comparison to Cinnamol mouthwash for prevention of VAP among patients admitted at ICU presented no superiority considering considering decrease in VAP incidence and onset.

Regarding the prevalence of monolithic zirconia and glazed ceramics IPS-e.max, and inadequate research on the color change of chlorhexidine and listerine mouthwashes on these two types,  this study was aimed to compare the effect of  these two mouthwashes on the stability of the
The mentioned materials.

This experimental study was carried out in vitro. 38 samples of monolithic zirconia and glazed ceramics IPS-e.max were prepared. The primary color was measured by spectrophotometry. The samples were randomly assigned to chlorhexidine, listerine and water mouthwashes. Developments for 7 days, every 2 minutes, in chlorhexidine 0/0 0.2%, Listerine Zero Then the secondary color was again measured by spectrophotometry and (4) ΔE  ab were evaluated by Kruskal Wallis test.

Both types of ceramics after the immersion in two types of mouthwash and distilled water were changed as control. ΔE values ​​of the two substance after being placed in chlorhexidine (Monolithic zirconium (ΔE = 0.16 ± 0.11) and glazed ceramics IPS-e.max
(ΔE = 0.39 ± 0.14) showed a significant difference compared to the initial colorimetry (P<0.001).Also, the amounts of ΔE, two  substances after placement in Listerine (monolithic zirconium (ΔE = 0.26 ± 0.17) and glazed ceramics IPS-e.max (ΔE = 0.48 ± 0.29) compared to colorimetric Primary difference was not significant (p <0.06). Kruskal Wallis test showed that this difference ΔE was significant between the four groups (p <0.02). 

The color consistency of both monolithic zirconium and Ips.emax ceramics seems to be clinically acceptable.

Antimicrobial products in form of mouthwash have an impressive effect on reducing plaque formation and gingivitis. These agents may aid in mechanical prevention and control of periodontal diseases. Chlorhexidine as the gold standard among these solutions has well-known side effects leading to introduction of some alternatives. With this background in mind, this study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of nanocurcumin mouthwash, a herbal mouthwash based on turmeric, on the treatment of chronic gingivitis. Moreover, the impact of this solution was compared with chlorhexidine. Thirty patients with generalized chronic gingivitis were included in the study. The participants were randomly divided into three groups of ten each. All the patients underwent scaling and root planning. In group one, two, and three, the patients were treated with chlorhexidine mouthwash, nanocurcumin mouthwash, and placebo, respectively. Gingival indices (GI), plaque indices (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), and probing depth (PD) were all recorded pre-treatment, in addition to one, two, three, and four weeks post-treatment. The changes in GI, PI, BOP, and PD were analyzed. According to our findings, the clinical parameters showed improvement in all the three groups, compared to the baselines. When compared to the placebo group, both chlorhexidine and nanocurcumin groups were found to have significantly better outcomes (P<0.001). However, when comparing the chlorhexidine and curcumin groups, the differences regarding GI and BOP were not revealed to be statistically significant. The PI and PD were shown to have significantly better results in the post-treatment evaluations of the nanocurcumin group (P<0.001). The present study indicates that nanocurcumin is comparable to chlorhexidine as an anti-inflammatory mouthwash and results in higher improvements concerning some aspects. Therefore, nanocurcumin can be considered as an effective adjunct to mechanical periodontal therapy.

Mouthwashes are one of the tools used to reduce decay. Fluorin total mouthwash is a new mouthwash, so far no research has been done on its effect on streptococcus mutans.
In this study, the diameter of growth inhibition zone for streptococcus mutans bacteria was compared between fluorin total and chlorhexidine mouthwash. First, we cultured the bacteria on blood agar and incubated for 24 hours at 37° C. Then, we cultivated it on 21 blood agar plates. We randomly put one chlorhexidine disk on 10 plates and one fluorin total disk on other 10 plates. We also placed antibiogram disk and a blank disk without mouthwash on 1 plate. We placed the plates at 37° C for 24 to 48 hours into the incubator and then measured the growth inhibition zone.
The growth inhibition zone in the chlorhexidine and fluorin total group was 15.4 mm and 11.4 mm, respectively, which was 4mm higher in the chlorhexidine group,which is statistically significant.
Due to the complications of chlorhexidine mouthwash, this mouthwash cannot be used on a daily basis. It seems that fluorin total mouthwash can be used as an auxiliary method for those who are at high risk of decay.

Abstract Introduction The use of mouthwashes has recently been effective in reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients admitted to ICU. However, in this study, the effect of chlorhexidine mouthwash with Green tea mouthwash was compared on prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the patients in PICU of Imam Hossein Hospital in 1395-1396. Methods  In this clinical trial study, 80 patients admitted to PICU were enrolled according to the study and then the patients were divided into two group under treatment with 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate and green tea  mouthwash. The frequency, time, and manner of mouthwash in both groups were performed in one form three times a day , every eight hours , for 5 days . The incidence of pneumonia and mortality were studied in patients after drug use . Results  The incidence of pneumonia was 10% in the chlorhexidine group and 12.5% in the green tea group, so there was no significant difference between  two groups based on the incidence of pneumonia (P = 0.72). The results of the treatment in the chlorhexidine group were : 65% complete recovery, 22.5% recovery with complication and 12.5% death, and Green tea were : 57.5% complete recovery, 35% recovery with complication and 7.5% death, and the difference between two groups was not significant (P = 0.43). Conclusion  Both chlorhexidine and dine mouthwash can be effective in reducing the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia and mortality in patients, admitted in  ICU.