جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « دیابت » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of resistance training on some apoptotic markers of kidney tissue with morphine withdrawal syndrome in diabetic rats. 

In this experimental study, 32 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 8, including: diabetes, morphine diabetes, diabetes + resistance training, diabetes morphine + resistance training.  After implementing the diabetes induction protocol, the addicted groups received morphine orally for 21 days, and then the training groups participated in the resistance training protocol for 8 weeks. Then all the mice were killed and dissected and their kidney tissue was removed. ELISA kits were used to evaluate apoptotic factors.

Cytochrome-C variable results showed a significant decrease in the morphine diabetes (P=0.002) and diabetes + resistance training (P=0.001) and morphine diabetes + resistance training (P=0.001) groups compared to the diabetes group. The results of the caspase-8 variable also showed that the diabetes + resistance training group had a significant decrease compared to the diabetes group (P=0.004) and the morphine diabetes group (P=0.012).  Also, the reduction of caspase 3 variable results in the morphine diabetes group (P=0.001), diabetes + resistance training (P=0.001) and morphine diabetes + resistance training (P=0.002) was significant compared to the diabetes group.

Resistance training has reduced apoptotic indices in kidney tissue and can be a suitable treatment strategy for diabetes and withdrawal syndrome diabetes.

Diabetes mellitus is a spreading disease in the world. Despite the effective role of supportive resources in diabetes management, there is currently no documented plan for the use of these resources in diabetic patients. So the research team, while designing a support resource-based care program based on qualitative study and systematic review, conducted the present study with the aim of validating the program in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus using the Delphi method.

This is a methodological study conducted to validate the Delphi care program. Panel members included 15 experts in the field of diabetes, who were selected by the snowball method. The data collection tool was a structured questionnaire with 38 questions that were designed based on different parts of the care plan. The data was analyzed using SPSS software (version 18), and the percentage of agreement with the questionnaire dialects continued until a consensus was reached.

In the first round of Delphi, the preliminary draft of the care plan was drafted and amended based on the suggestions and corrective opinions of the participants. Then the contents of the questionnaire questions were prepared. In the second round of Delphi and the consensus on the dialects of the questionnaire, the percentage of agreement of the members of the expert panel based on the questionnaire questions was obtained at 93.5.

Given that the scientific and practical acceptability of the care program based on support resources, based on the questions raised in the present study, was "very high" and "high", it is recommended that this program be used to design and complete related programs at the national level.

The rise in healthcare expenditures, particularly drug costs, has posed a significant challenge to the healthcare system. This issue is particularly critical for chronic diseases such as diabetes, as various factors influence patients' access to these medications and their financial ability to pay for them. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the access and purchasing power for anti-diabetic drugs in pharmacies and hospitals in Khorramabad city in 2022.

This descriptive-analytical study included patients and visitors to private pharmacies and hospitals in Khorramabad. The required information was collected through patient prescriptions, pharmacy records, interviews, and checklists based on the World Health Organization protocol. Data analysis was performed using t-test, chi-square, ANOVA, and logistic regression, utilizing SPSS version 21 software.

The findings revealed that among the socio-economic factors affecting the financial ability to pay for diabetes medications, income level is identified as a significant factor, particularly in patients with underlying conditions, where their income is adversely impacted. Additionally, the results indicated that, unlike the free market, in the healthcare and pharmaceutical market, no socio-economic factor from the demand side (i.e., patients) influences pharmacies as drug suppliers in terms of the accessibility index.

Despite the good availability of medications in pharmacies, the financial constraints faced by patients in covering medication costs suggest that government intervention through measures such as enhanced insurance coverage and medication subsidies could support economically disadvantaged groups.

Cardiovascular diseases are the most important diseases of the elderly, and recently the effect of triglyceride glucose (TYG) index as one of the indicators of insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease has attracted the attention of researchers. Previous research has shown a link between insulin resistance and coronary artery calcification. Since triglyceride glucose index (TyG) is an index that is easily available, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between triglyceride index and fasting blood sugar and coronary heart disease and diabetes in the elderly of Amirkola.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on the elderly participating in the second phase of the Amirkola Health and Aging Cohort Study (AHAP). The elderly were divided into two groups of 200 people, the first group was diabetics with cardiovascular disease and the second group was diabetic elderly without cardiovascular disease. Patient information including age, sex, body mass index, diabetes, coronary artery disease, history of dyslipidemia, medications, triglycerides, fasting blood sugar, smoking habits, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, cholesterol, creatinine, physical activity, and HbA1c were collected in a checklist. The TYG index was calculated based on the LN formula [fasting triglycerides (mg/dl) × fasting glucose (mg/dl)/2]. Ultimately, SPSS version 25 software was utilized to describe the data using mean, standard deviation, and percentage. The qualitative variables were compared with the coronary artery disease using the chi-square test, while the quantitative variables were compared using the independent t-test in univariate analysis. Furthermore, the process of adjusting for confounding variables was carried out by using multivariate logistic regression.

In this study, 400 diabetic elderly participants were examined based on the relationship between triglyceride glucose index and coronary artery disease. The average age of the elderly with coronary artery disease was 70.46±6.10 and the elderly without coronary artery disease was 70.50±6.49 years. Triglyceride glucose index in diabetic elderly with and without coronary artery disease was 9.3±0.68 and 9.30±0.65, respectively, which was not statistically significant (P=0.92). Mean creatinine (P=0.004), number of comorbidities (P<0.001), and drugs consumed (P<0.001) were significantly higher in diabetic elderly with coronary artery disease. The probability of coronary artery disease in diabetic elderly with cholesterol above 200 mg/dL (OR=0.549, P=0.018) or use of antilipid drugs (OR=2.050, P=0.002) or more than three underlying diseases (356.4=OR- P=0.0001) had more. The mean cholesterol in diabetic elderly without coronary artery disease was significantly higher than that of elderly with coronary artery disease(P<0.001).

Based on the results of the study on diabetic elderly, glucose triglyceride index cannot be an independent risk factor and a suitable tool for the clinical forecast of coronary artery disease in Type 2 diabetes. Triglyceride glucose index alone cannot help in the prognosis of coronary artery disease and finally, the role of triglyceride glucose index in coronary artery diseases and various types of cardiovascular diseases needs more research.

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is one of the most common metabolic diseases in pregnant women. Its early diagnosis seems to have a significant impact on the developing fetus, the course of delivery, and the neonatal period. This study aims to present the potential and significance of Galectin3 (GAL3) in the pathogenesis of GDM.

Sixty female Wistar rats (weighting 220 ± 10g) were randomly assigned into six groups: control (Ctr) group, control+continuous aerobic training (Ctr+CON) group, control+intermittent aerobic training (Ctr+INT) group, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) group, GDM+continuous aerobic training (GDM+CON) group, GDM+intermittent aerobic training (GDM+INT) group. Exercise groups underwent treadmill exercise during pregnancy. Levels of insulin resistance and galectin3 were measured.

Serum galectin3 concentration in the GDM group was significantly higher than Ctr. On the other hand, the galectin3 level in the GDM+CON and GDM+INT groups was considerably lower than in the GDM group. The weight of the GDM group was significantly higher than the Ctr and training groups on the 20th day of gestation. Insulin resistance levels in the GDM+CON and GDM+INT groups were significantly lower than in the GDM group.

The study results demonstrate that both continuous and intermittent training effectively improved GDM. However, there was no statistically significant difference between the two training models. In addition, a significant positive correlation was found between galectin3 and GDM. It may be used as a potential factor to predict the development of GDM.

AKT, PI3K and IL-1 are related to diabetes and cardiac inflammatory. The aim of this study was to investigating cardiac inflammatory markers via AKT, cardiac PI3K gene expression and serum IL-1β with combined exercise and consumption of taurine supplementation in diabetic male Wistar rats.

in this experimental study, 30 male adult Wistar rats weighing 250-300 grams and 6 weeks old were randomly divided into 3 groups including: diabetic exercise+supplement group (T+S) (10 rats), diabetic control group (CD) (10 rats), and healthy control group (CH) (10 rats). To make rats diabetic, 55 mg/kg body weight of streptozocin was injected. Blood sugar above 250 mg/dL was considered as diabetes. Combined exercises and taurine supplementation were performed for eight weeks and 5 times a week. Taurine supplement was taken as a 1% solution in water daily. To compare the inter-group and intra-group changes of the variables, two-way ANOVA and Tukey's follow-up were used. The significance level was 0.05.

PI3K gene expression was significantly increased in the diabetic exercise+supplement group compared to the diabetic control group (P=0.001). The serum level of IL-1β factor in the diabetic exercise-supplement group had a significant decrease in comparison with the diabetic control group (P=0.001). However, there was no significant change in AKT gene expression in the diabetic exercise+supplement group compared to the diabetic control group.

It seems that combined exercises with consumption of taurine supplementation may lead to the improvement of heart inflammatory factors in diabetic people while increasing PI3K, decreasing IL-1β and creating favorable changes in glucose metabolism. Therefore, it is suggested to use combined exercises and consumption of taurine as a non-invasive and low-cost method in improving cardiac inflammatory markers in diabetic persons.

Exercise induces various adaptations, including increased antioxidant capacity, enhanced mitochondrial size, and improved insulin signaling. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of aerobic exercise along with aqueous garlic extract consumption on markers of cardiac mitochondrial biogenesis in diabetic rats.

In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats (5 weeks old, weighing 162.1 ± 15.2 grams) were obtained from the Pasteur Institute. Eight rats were assigned to the healthy control group (CN). The remaining 32 rats were rendered diabetic through a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) and were randomly divided into four groups: diabetes (DM), diabetes + exercise (TDM), diabetes + garlic (GDM), and diabetes + exercise + garlic (TGDM). The exercise groups underwent an aerobic exercise program on a treadmill for 8 weeks. Additionally, each rat received 1 milliliter of garlic extract (0.4 g per 100 g of body weight) via gavage daily. Changes in the expression of PGC-1α and Nrf2 genes were measured in heart tissue using real-time PCR.

Induction of diabetes resulted in a significant decrease in PGC-1α (P=0.0001) and Nrf2 (P=0.0001) gene expression compared to the control group. In the TDM group, PGC-1α and Nrf2 expressions significantly increased (P=0.038 and P=0.031, respectively), as did those in the GDM group (P=0.036 and P=0.025, respectively) compared to the DM group. However, the combined intervention of exercise and garlic supplementation did not yield significant improvements compared to each intervention alone regarding PGC-1α and Nrf2 expression (P< 0.05).

Both garlic supplementation and exercise may inhibit streptozotocin-induced cardiac damage by upregulating the PGC-1α and Nrf2 pathways. Further studies are warranted to explore this area more comprehensively.

According to the World Health Organization (WHO) reports, cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death worldwide. Cardiac hypertrophy is associated with underlying disorders such as diabetes and hypertension. Cardiac hypertrophy is characterized by an increase in the size of cardiomyocytes, high cardiac expression of fetal genes, excessive protein synthesis, and interstitial fibrosis, leading to contractile dysfunction and heart failure. Various mediators, such as cytokines, adhesion molecules, cytoskeleton proteins, adrenergic system activity, natriuretic peptides, changes in energy metabolism, and oxidative stress, are involved in the induction of cardiac hypertrophy. Regarding the clinical importance of cardiac hypertrophy, the development of animal models may culminate in progress in finding novel therapeutic methods for improving heart failure and reducing cardiac disorders. Diabetic models with cardiac hypertrophy can be induced by high-fat/high-sugar diets, toxins such as streptozotocin, and genetic manipulation through induced mutation of leptin or leptin receptor genes. Diet-induced and mutation-induced diabetic models are more likely to show cardiac hypertrophy, while diet-induced diabetic models are particularly suitable for research on lifestyle-related diabetes in humans. Nevertheless, the findings obtained from animal models evaluating diabetic-induced hypertrophy in humans have limitations that require further research to develop new animal models.

Diabetes is a significant global health issue, often linked to disturbances in restoring balance following postural disorders. Individuals with diabetic neuropathy, are 15 times more prone to injuries such as falls, fractures, sprained ankles, and bruises when walking and standing, compared to those with diabetes who do not have neuropathy. Therefore, preventing falls is an issue that deserves special attention in the care of individuals with diabetic neuropathy. In the present study, various articles on the relationship between diabetic neuropathy and reactive balance control disorders were reviewed in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Iran Medex, Magiran, and Google Scholar databases. Based on the results obtained from the studies, individuals with diabetic neuropathy exhibit greater postural fluctuation and slower speed, as well as a longer delay, in initiating balance responses to postural disturbances compared to individuals with diabetes who do not have neuropathy. The studies conducted so far on the control of reactive balance in individuals with diabetic neuropathy have determined that the disruption of automatic postural responses can lead to postural instability and limitations in the daily activities of this group of patients. It is suggested that preventive solutions and appropriate training programs be specifically designed for these patients to enhance automatic postural responses and reduce the risk of falling and injury.

Diabetic foot ulcers are among the most challenging and expensive wounds. Untreated diabetic foot ulcers significantly impact patients’ quality of life. Nurses play a comprehensive and central role in preventing, providing care for, and managing diabetic foot ulcers.

The current research is a descriptive cross-sectional study of the type of clinical audit based on the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) model, which was conducted in the hospitals affiliated with Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2022-2023. In order to collect data, a checklist was designed by the researcher. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS software Version 20.

In this research, the general performance of nurses in caring for diabetic foot ulcers in older adult patients hospitalized in academic hospitals was evaluated at poor and very poor levels. In the observation area, 38.7% were at a poor level; in the touch area, 82.1% were at a very poor level; in the evaluation area, 86.8% were at a very poor level; and in the implementation and registration area, 89.6% were at a poor level.

Nurses significantly fall below the standards of care in managing, treating, and evaluating diabetic foot ulcers. Providing appropriate training programs can enhance nurses’ skills and clinical competence, reduce complications, and improve the quality of nursing care for diabetic foot ulcers.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are rising health issues. Evidence highlighted the potential for an increased risk of PCOS among females with DM across various locations and ethnicities. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of PCOS among Iranian females with and without DM.

In this population-based cross-sectional study, eligible females were selected from participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). For this study, females with complete data were selected from Phase VI (2016–2018) of TLGS. The logistic regression model was used.

At first, 4435 women with definite information about PCOS status were included, women with unclear diagnoses of DM and PCOS were excluded, and finally, 2867 were included in the study. Then, they were divided into two categories, Under 40 years and over 40 years. Among females without DM aged <40 years, 28.3%, and among those with DM aged <40 years, 53.7% had PCOS. Among participants with DM, PCOS patients were younger and had better fasting blood glucose levels. Using logistic regression for PCOS risk from a logistic regression model in participants, it was found that among patients with and without DM, increasing age decreased the odds of PCOS by 85% and 42%, respectively. On the contrary, among participants without DM, a family history of DM increased the risk of PCOS (odds ratio [OR] = 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.006 to 1.49, p=0.04).

The prevalence of PCOS was not significantly different between subjects with and without DM in our population.

Cytokines play an essential role in regulating the interaction of immune cells in diabetes and infections such as toxoplasmosis. This study was conducted to investigate the serum levels of Interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Transforming Growth Factor-Beta (TGF-β) in diabetic patients with toxoplasmosis.

This study was conducted in Zabol City on patients with type I and type II diabetes, both with and without toxoplasmosis. The serum levels of target cytokines were measured using the ELISA method. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA, and chi-square test was utilized to examine demographic indices.

A significant increase in TGF-β levels was observed in the group with type II diabetes and toxoplasmosis. Additionally, a slight rise in serum IL-6 levels was noted in the group with type I diabetes. However, the level of TGF-β was decreased in this group.

The present study revealed that an increase in TGF-β and a decrease in IL-6 in patients with type II diabetes and toxoplasmosis may indicate a reduction in inflammation within this specific group.

Nowadays, the continuous follow-up of individuals with chronic diseases has become one of the most critical challenges for healthcare systems. One potential solution is the implementation of a follow-up nurse plan. This study aimed to determine the impact of the follow-up nurse plan on the self-care and health anxiety of pregnant women with diabetes attending Bint-ul-Hadi Bajnour Medical Center.

This was a pre-post quasi-experimental study with a comparison group conducted on 70 pregnant women with gestational diabetes attending Bint-ul-Hadi Bajnour Hospital in 2023. The participants were selected using convenience sampling. Data collection tools included the Demographic Information Questionnaire, the Standard Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA), and the Salkovskis et al. Health Anxiety Inventory. The intervention group underwent a 12-week follow-up nursing plan. Data were analyzed using paired t-tests, Chi-square, Mann-Whitney statistical tests, and SPSS version 23.0.

The results showed that the mean age of participants in the intervention and control groups was 28.74±7.17 years and 29.46±5.61 years, respectively. The mean total self-care score in the intervention group was 76.60±36.60 before and 73.63±7.16 after the intervention. In the control group, it was 34.54±8.48 before the intervention and 29.26 ± 7.02 after the intervention. The mean total health anxiety score in the control group was 31.43 ± 5.80 before the intervention and 48 ± 6.18 after the intervention. In the intervention group, it was34.43±15.61 before and 22.17±12.572 after the intervention, which was statistically significant (p= 0.000).

The follow-up nurse plan can be an effective method of promoting self-care and reducing health anxiety in pregnant women with diabetes. Therefore, health system managers and policymakers are recommended to use this method in planning the care of these patients.

Diabetes mellitus is a condition that causes biochemical and physiological changes in the body. In this study, the effects of carvacrol on blood biochemical factors related to diabetes in diabetic adult rats induced by streptozocin were investigated.

In this study, 32 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups as follows: a) control group; b) diabetic control group that received normal saline as a solvent; c) diabetic rats treated with 75 mg/kg carvacrol; d) healthy rats that received 75 mg/kg carvacrol. The experimental groups were induced with diabetes by injecting a single dose of 50 mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) (Sigma) dissolved in 5 ml citrate buffer (pH=4.5) intraperitoneally. Then, fasting blood sugar, serum insulin level, serum level of fat profile, and testosterone hormones LH and FSH were measured.

Fasting blood sugar and serum levels of TG and cholesterol increased significantly in the diabetic control group compared to the control group (P<0.05). Also, fasting blood sugar and serum TG, LH, FSH, and cholesterol levels in the groups treated with carvacrol showed a significant decrease compared with the diabetic control group (P<0.05). In all diabetic groups, compared to the control group, the amount of HDL, testosterone, and serum insulin decreased significantly (P<0.05). Also, in the groups treated with carvacrol compared to the diabetic control group, the levels of HDL, insulin, and serum testosterone increased. The weight of rats in the diabetic control group decreased significantly; however, in the carvacrol treatment groups, the weight of the rats increased compared to the diabetic control group (P<0.05).

Carvacrol can be effective on fasting blood sugar, insulin serum level, serum level of fat, and hormone profile and prevent biochemical damage caused by diabetes in diabetic rats induced by streptozocin.

Investigating the level of lipid profile and hormones in diabetic rats treated with carvacrol.

Nowadays, the health effects of dietary fiber are very much considered. Dietary fiber is found in foods such as fruits, vegetables, and grains and is low in calories and fat. Fiber is a carbohydrate that cannot be broken down in the body and is not digested by enzymes in the digestive system. Fibers include cellulose, hemicellulose, gum, pectic substances, and lignin, which due to their glucose absorption capacity, cholesterol absorption capacity, oil storage capacity, and very low calories are used to reduce and treat diseases such as obesity, diabetes, various cancers, intestinal diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. They're effective. Many food industry wastes such as fruit pomace, date kernels and cereal bran are important sources of dietary fiber that can be used as prebiotics for the growth and proliferation of beneficial intestinal bacteria. Based on physical properties, fibers are divided into two categories, soluble and insoluble in water. Insoluble fibers are not used due to their unpleasant taste and poor performance, which are converted into soluble fiber by methods such as physical, chemical, enzymatic and combined modification. Due to low cost, short time, simple operation and no production of toxic waste, the physical method is the most widely used. In this article, the types of fiber, their therapeutic properties, and their modification methods have been investigated.

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Selenium is an essential ultra-trace element that regulates many biological processes including cellular response to oxidative stress, redox signaling, cell differentiation, and immune response. In addition, selenium is also involved in the synthesis of thyroid hormones, which regulates the basal metabolism in all body tissues. In this article, the function of selenium and selenoproteins as well as their role in various processes and the occurrence of diabetes are investigated.

In this research, 79 articles between 1984 and 2023 from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and SID databases were reviewed regarding the function of selenium and selenoproteins.

The biochemical and cellular effects of selenium are obtained through the activity of selenoproteins containing selenocysteine. In this article, some of the protective effects of selenium and selenoproteins in different parts, such as antioxidant defense, cardiovascular system, brain function, cell differentiation, cancer prevention, immune system regulation and detoxification of heavy metals were mentioned. The effects of selenium on health are complex, and consuming super-nutritional doses of selenium can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes. In recent decades, optimizing selenium intake to prevent diseases related to selenium deficiency or excess has been recognized as an important issue in global health. Considering that the basic level of selenium is not the same in different populations, including in Iran, there is a need for separate studies to determine the reference range.

Selenium as a redox center plays different roles in selenoproteins. More relevant basic and clinical studies are expected to maximize the benefits of selenium use and help reduce its potential risks. Also, the investigation of hidden mechanisms in the field of selenium effects on various diseases requires more studies.

 Diabetes causes damage to various tissues, including the testicles. Garlic and Cambodian mushrooms play an important role in preventing diabetes complications in the testicles due to their antioxidant properties. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of Cambodian mushroom extract and garlic on testicular damage in healthy and diabetic desert mice.

 40 male Wistar rat heads were divided into 5 groups of 8, including control group, negative control group (witness) (diabetic, with mg/kg 55 Streptozotocin intraperitoneal), experimental group 1 (diabetic + mg/kg 50 garlic extract), experimental group 2 (diabetic + 50 mg/kg Cambodian mushroom), and experimental group 3 (diabetic + mg/kg 50 Cambodian mushroom and mg/kg 50 garlic extract). After two months of diabetes, the mice received the extracts subcutaneously for two weeks. The mice were then anesthetized with ketamine and xylazine, and the testes were examined macroscopically and microscopically.

 The diabetic group showed a significant decrease in spermatogenic cells compared to the control group. Conversely, the experimental groups showed a significant increase in spermatogenic cells compared to the diabetic group.

 The findings of this study demonstrate that prolonged oral intake of garlic and Cambodian extract enhances the secretion of the blood hormones insulin and testosterone, and promotes the spermatogenesis process.

Education is fundamental to diabetes treatment. Various educational methods do not have the same effects, so this study aimed to compare the effects of peer education and self-learning modules on glycosylated hemoglobin in patients with type II diabetes.

In this clinical trial, 60 patients with type 2 diabetes referred to the Zabol diabetes clinic were enrolled. Patients were randomly divided into two groups using coin flips. Patients in the peer group participated in 6 sessions of 30-45 minutes each, conducted over a month (2 sessions per week). In the module group, self-learning packages were provided to patients. The patients in the module group studied at the same time as the peer group sessions. To ensure compliance with the module study, the researcher established telephone contact with patients. Telephone follow-ups were conducted for both peer training and module groups. The self-care scores of patients were assessed before and 12 weeks after the intervention.

The level of glycosylated hemoglobin significantly decreased in patients after participating in peer training (P = 0.032), while the level of glycosylated hemoglobin did not show a significant change before and after participation in the self-learning module group (P = 0.385). There was no significant difference in the levels of glycosylated hemoglobin between the peer training and self-learning module groups after the intervention (P = 0.199).

This study showed that peer education could lead to a reduction in glycosylated hemoglobin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Therefore, peer education is an effective method to help control diabetes and can be beneficial in reducing complications in diabetic patients.

Diabetes is a chronic disease that significantly impacts individuals' social, psychological, and personal functioning. One of the consequences of diabetes is a reduction in marital compatibility and issues related to family stability. This study aimed to determine the effect of an educational intervention on family stability in women with type II diabetes referred to Yazd Diabetes Research Center.

This semi-experimental intervention study was conducted in 2022 with 60 women diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. A convenience sampling method was employed to select participants, who were then randomly divided into two groups. The educational intervention was delivered virtually over seven sessions. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and the Family Stability Questionnaire (FSQ). SPSS software version 26 was utilized for data analysis at a significance level of 0.05, employing independent t-tests, paired t-tests, ANOVA, covariance analysis, and Mann-Whitney tests.

After the intervention, the average family stability score in the experimental group significantly decreased compared to the control group, with a significant difference noted (p<0.01). It is important to note that a lower score indicates better family stability. The paired t-test results demonstrated the positive impact of the training in the intervention group.

The educational intervention was effective in enhancing family stability among women with type II diabetes in Yazd city. Future studies should explore and implement strategies to promote family stability in patients with other chronic diseases, with particular emphasis on improving emotional well-being.

Diabetic foot ulcers are among leading causes of disability in diabetic patients, often resulting in amputation and disability. Proper foot care can prevent diabetic foot ulcers. One assessment tool is the Nottingham Assessment of Functional Footcare (NAFF). This study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Nottingham Assessment of Functional Footcare.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in the winter of 2023 on 517 patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes who were referred to the diabetes clinics in Bam, Hamadan, and Asadabad cities, Iran. Patients were selected using convenience sampling. The instruments were examined to assess their psychometric properties, including face validity, content validity, construct validity, internal consistency, and stability.

The mean age and duration of diabetes in patients were 50.01±18.14 years and 10.70±9 years, respectively. Most samples were female (54%) and married (80.9%). More than one-third of the patients (36.4%) were taking hypoglycemic tablets. The exploratory factor analysis identified five factors: general foot self-care, foot examination, shoe examination, wound management, and use of appropriate shoes. Together, these factors accounted for 52.381% of the total variance. The internal consistency of all extracted factors was above 0.70, as measured by McDonald's Omega coefficient. The stability reliability of the questionnaire was 0.790 for the whole instrument with a two-week interval.

The Persian version of the Nottingham Assessment of Functional Foot-care tool is a valid and reliable tool for measuring the foot care of diabetic patients. It allows domestic researchers to use this tool along with other available tools to check and measure the concept of diabetic foot self-care based on their facilities and preferences.