جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « رفتاری » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

 Although several treatments have been designed for obsessive-compulsive disorder, they are not effective enough in all patients. Hence, obsession therapists are looking for multidimensional treatments. The aim of the current research is to design a behavioral spiritual-emotional protocol for the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

 Given the purpose of the research, the effective treatment packages developed in previous researches should be analyzed in behavioral, emotional and spiritual axes, and effective goals and techniques should be selected and integrated in the emotional-spiritual behavioral treatment package according to the Islamic context. The statistical population of this research included articles and theses related to behavioral, emotional and spiritual treatments of obsessive compulsive disorder in Farsi and English. These researches were collected and analyzed into components, techniques and mechanisms. Then, the effective components, techniques and mechanisms with good theoretical support and research evidence were integrated into the behavioral- emotional-spiritual protocol. The final package was approved and confirmed by experts in the field. In the present study, all ethical considerations were observed and the authors reported no conflict of interests.

 The behavioral-emotional-spiritual protocol for the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder includes 15 sessions: establishing a therapeutic relationship and explaining the treatment, secondary positive spiritual evaluation of negative thoughts, acceptance of doubts, self-soothing, reducing the fusion of thought and action, exposure and response prevention therapy, acceptance of doubts and behavior management, spiritual mindfulness, removing obstacles, increasing the quality of life and modifying the lifestyle.

 Behavioral-emotional-spiritual Protocol for Obsessive Compulsive Disorder Treatment has collected and integrated the effective components and techniques of behavioral, emotional and spiritual treatments. In this therapeutic package, emphasis was placed on the value of religion and religiosity, as well as the differences between a religious individual and an individual with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Some new techniques were developed, such as distinguishing between voluntary negative thoughts and involuntary negative thoughts, with the latter being considered as obsessive thoughts and not sinful. Additionally, secondary positive evaluation techniques were formulated, whereby enduring intrusive negative thoughts was conceptualized as a step towards seeking closeness to God.

The rapid development of organizations is highly dependent on the development of knowledge, technology and information and one of the basic and important components for the development of any organization is the knowledge and science in the organization. In knowledge-based and leading organizations, human resources are the most important asset of the organization and the realization of assigned goals and missions and gaining superiority is closely related to the competence and capability of human resources. On the other hand, today behavioral issues play an important role in various human fields. Behaviors can have desirable functions in organizational areas and lead to improved organizational status in various fields, including knowledge. Structural factors are one of the factors that can analyze organizational phenomena and management and psychology in people based on them. Structural factors are paths, channels and vessels in which organizational processes and operations are ongoing and have been formed and almost fixed during organizational changes and include components such as organizational structure, methods improvement, mechanized information system, payment system, Selection and employment, job appointment and promotion and performance appraisal. In this regard, one of the important issues in today's environment is the development of knowledge-based human resources. Due to its relationship with community health, the University of Medical Sciences needs to share as much knowledge and use efficient methods in providing quality services, reduce health costs, and meet the needs of clients in a timely manner. New information management and establishment of human resource system is knowledge-based and ultimately knowledge management. Lack of establishment of knowledge-based human resources in the University of Medical Sciences, on the one hand can reduce the motivation and job satisfaction of employees and consequently reduce the efficiency and effectiveness of the health system. On the other hand, the lack of a knowledge-based human resources system can prevent the formation of smart networks and knowledge sharing professions, the departure of experienced and specialized personnel from the university, weak creativity and organizational innovation, and weaken participation and team spirit. Lack of attention to behavioral and structural issues for the development of human resources, especially in the University of Medical Sciences, has caused a great deal of readiness to develop knowledge-based human resources in this university. These ambiguities have led to the lack of operational solutions for the development of knowledge-based human resources in the University of Medical Sciences. Therefore, the aim of this study was to the role of behavioral and structural factors in the development of knowledge-based human resources in the University of Medical Sciences of one country.

The research method is descriptive correlation which was applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study included all managers and experts of the University of Medical Sciences in one country (150 people) who were selected as sample. The method of data collection in the present study was field. The instruments of the present study included 3 questionnaires of knowledge-based human resource development, behavioral factors questionnaire and structural factors questionnaire. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by 10 professors and the construct validity was examined based on confirmatory factor analysis. The reliability of the questionnaire based on Cronbach's coefficient of score is 0.82, respectively; 0.86 and 0.85 were obtained. To analyze the data, descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (structural equations with partial least squares approach) with PLS and SPSS software have been used.

The results showed that the model of the effect of behavioral and structural factors on the development of knowledge-based human resources has the necessary and desirable fit. Also, according to the research findings, behavioral factors have an effect on the development of knowledge-based human resources by 0.601 and structural factors have an effect on the development of knowledge-based human resources by 0.304.

The findings of this study were consistent with the results of Previous research. Knowledge-based human resources can have the necessary efficiency in forming a competitive advantage in any environment and organization. Organizations are witnessing the arrival of new forces that have different demands and expectations from previous generations of workers. These people try to reach a logical solution to organizational problems and issues with their comprehensive knowledge of the issues around them. There was a fact in the past that knowledge-based people do not fit well with the context of Iranian organizations, and it was observed that the confrontation between the forces of students and other forces that are in the majority, in major organizations cause intellectual conflict and sometimes unpleasant psychological dimensions to knowledge. In most organizations, the effort to stabilize and maintain the status quo prevailed over the effort for dynamism and change, and leadership did not have a high position alongside coaching, which is a basic need of knowledge-based forces. Other issues in organizations were worn-out structures and bureaucracies in them, which combined with the low quality and quantity of information access tools posed many problems for knowledge-based forces. Today, attention to knowledge-based human resources is one of the important pillars of organizations. The results of the present study showed that behavioral factors have significant effect on the development of knowledge-based human resources in the University of Medical Sciences of one country. Improving behavioral factors can provide the basis for the development of knowledge-based human resources in the University of Medical Sciences in one country. The results of the present study also showed that structural factors have a significant impact on the development of knowledge-based human resources in the University of Medical Sciences of a country. So that the improvement of structural factors can provide the basis for the development of knowledge-based human resources in the University of Medical Sciences. In today's turbulent world and complex competitive environment, the existence of knowledge and knowledge-based human resources as a valuable, strategic and assuring resource is a superior strength for organizations. The knowledge of employees about their country's market in terms of language, legal system, international market information and business operations is obvious. Today, organizations are trying to become knowledge-based. They are using their brains more than their hands and the need to use knowledge is increasing. The increasing importance of knowledge in modern organizations has necessitated the need to focus on knowledge management as an organizational asset. In the meantime, knowledge-based employees are of far greater importance; Because they are the bearers of tacit knowledge of organizations. The University of Medical Sciences, as one of the important centers of the country, must always have an experienced human resource in order to succeed. Knowledge-based human resources in this university can meet the needs of this university in the field of expert manpower as well as sufficient knowledge. It seems to Behavioral factors play a greater role than structural factors in the development of knowledge-based human resources in medical universities.

Cancer is one of the most common disease which is on the rise. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Johnson's theory of behavior on the self-efficacy of mothers of children with cancer.

This quasi-experimental study was performed on 66 mothers with children with cancer in centers caring for children with cancer via random sampling in 2020. Data were collected using two 20-item Domkai demographic and self-efficacy questionnaires, Data were analyzed using descriptive and analytical statistics.

Paired t-test showed a significant difference between the two test groups before and after the intervention, but this test did not show a significant difference in the control group. However, Independent sample t-test did not show a significant difference before and after the intervention in the control group, but showed a significant difference in the experimental group.

The results of the study showed that Johnson's theory plays an important role in increasing the self-efficacy of mothers of children with cancer. Thus it's is suggested that when tailoring programs of child care, the needs of the mothers be addressed as well.

Nowadays, cardiovascular diseases are known as the leading cause of death in the world. In these diseases, emotional and psychosocial problems contribute to the incidence and exacerbation of physical disorders. Considering the increasing prevalence of cardiovascular diseases worldwide and the decreasing age of the disease onset in Iran, it is important to investigate the role of and assess the effect of brain/behavioral systems variables, sensory processing styles, and resilience as factors involved in anxiety and increasing the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. This research can help clarify the effects of these factors on cardiovascular diseases, which is vital in the direction of future psychological research. This study compared brain/behavioral systems, sensory processing styles, and resilience between cardiovascular patients and normal individuals.

The study method was causal–comparative. For the patient group, the statistical population included all cardiac patients referred to hospitals in Tehran City, Iran, for medical examinations during 2018. For the normal group, the statistical population consisted of normal people accompanying patients in the same hospitals and diagnostic centers. Because of the large population of Tehran, we only selected one hospital from each of the eastern, western, northern, and southern areas of Tehran. The study sample consisted of 100 people (50 patients and 50 normal people). They were selected by the available sampling method based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria were as follows: having at least a high school diploma, being between 25 and 55 years old, and providing informed consent to participate in research. The exclusion criteria were the presence of mental disorders requiring immediate treatment, such as psychosis (according to the patients' medical records) and the existence of drug dependence. The study instruments were the Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (Connor & Davidson, 2003), Gary–Wilson Personality Questionnaire (Wilson et al., 1989), and Scale of a Person with High Sensory Processing Sensitivity (Aron & Aron, 1997). Descriptive statistics were performed by calculating central and dispersion indicators such as mean and standard deviation, and inferential statistics by conducting the independent t–test at a significance level of 0.05. All statistical analyzes were performed in SPSS software version 22.

Findings showed significant differences between the cardiovascular patients and the normal individuals in the variables of behavioral inhibition system (p<0.001), passive avoidance (p<0.001), extinction (p=0.007), behavioral activation system (p<0.001), active avoidance (p<0.001), confrontation (p=0.006), fight/flight (p<0.001), fight (p<0.001) and flight (p=0.003). Also, there were significant differences between the cardiovascular patients and normal individuals in the components of ease of stimulation (p<0.001), low sensory threshold (p=0.032), aesthetic sensitivity (p<0.001), the threshold of sensory stimulation (p<0.001), and the total score of sensory processing systems (p<0.001). Finally, there were significant differences between the two groups in the components of trust in individual instincts and negative effect tolerance (p<0.001), positive acceptance of change and safe relationships (p<0.001), control (p=0.004), spiritual effects (p<0.001), and total resilience score (p<0.001). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups in the component of perception of individual competence (p=0.076).

Based on our findings, resilience, the sensitivity of sensory processing, and brain–behavioral systems, including behavioral inhibition system, behavioral activation system, and fight/flight behaviors, have significant relationships with cardiovascular disease and can be appropriate components in the analysis of psychological reasons of cardiovascular problems.

Psychosomatic disorders are among the problems caused by stressful factors of life. The aim of this study was to developing structure model of psychosomatic disorders based on cognitive ability, morningness-eveningness types and brain/behavioral systems mediated by perceived stress in women with chronic pain in Ahvaz. 

The present study is descriptive-correlational. The statistical population of the study includes all women with chronic pain who were treated in medical centers in Ahvaz in 2020. The statistical sample consisted of 200 women with chronic pain in Ahvaz who were selected by purposive and available sampling method. Participating women had more than 3 years of physical pain that did not improve with medical treatment and was diagnosed with psychosomatic disorder. In order to collect data from the demographic questionnaire, the "psychosomatic complaints" subscale, of “Mental Health Measurements", "Nejati Cognitive Abilities Questionnaire", “Horne & Östberg Morningness- Eveningness Types Questionnaire", “Brain/Behavioral Systems Questionnaire” and “Perceived Stress Scale” were used. The validity of the instruments was based on previous studies and the reliability was determined by internal consistency by calculating the Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Data analysis was performed in SPSS. 24 and Amos. 24.

The pattern of structural equations showed that cognitive ability and perceived stress are directly correlated with psychosomatic disorders (β=0.33). Also, cognitive ability (β= 0.40), types of circadian times (β= -0.16) and behavioral inhibition (β=0.29) are correlated with psychosomatic disorders through perceived stress. Therefore, the modified model fits the data. While the behavioral activator component is not directly related to psychosomatic disorders either indirectly or through perceived stress. 

Psychosomatic disorders are predicted through cognitive ability, different types of circadian times, and behavioral inhibition mediated by perceived stress. It is suggested that with effective training and treatment of perceived stress, help to improve the symptoms of psychosomatic symptoms and chronic pain.

Eight years of imposed war between Iran and Iraq has caused a considerable number of soldiers and disabled war veterans to experience symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

This applied study was conducted in the form of a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group at Sadr Psychiatric Hospital in Tehran during the year 2017-18. A total of 30 disabled war veterans with PTSD were selected through an available sampling method, and were divided into two groups: an experimental and a control group. The experimental group underwent cognitive-behavioral therapy for 14 sessions. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21) was used for data collection, Data were analyzed with the aid of SPSS 21 software and a univariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). An analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to eliminate the pretest effect. And Levene’s test was used to homogenize variances.

After modifying pretest scores, the difference between the experimental and control groups became significant. Based on the one-way ANCOVA carried out on the subjects’ total scores, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the variable “anxiety” (P < 0.05) and (F 8/227).

This intervention showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy had increased resilience among disabled war veterans with PTSD.

Migraine is a severe disorder, i.e., often accompanied by autonomic nervous system–related symptoms. Coping is an essential characteristic that can help some individuals adapt to the pain and prevent its recurrence and persistence. Brain/Behavioral systems seem to be associated with pain–related coping styles and pain intensity. Individuals without high anxiety tolerate an attempt to regulate their emotions by engaging in a vicious cycle of emotional dysfunction that affects their brain/behavioral systems. Cognitive–Emotional factors and personality traits seem to impact individuals with migraines; numerous behavioral, emotional, and cognitive patterns can also influence coping with pain. Thus, this study aimed to determine the relationship between brain/behavioral systems and pain management strategies mediated by anxiety tolerance in patients with migraine patients using structural equation modeling.

The statistical population of this correlational research included all patients with migraines referring to Bu Ali Hospital and two Neurology Clinics in Tehran City, Iran, in 2020. Among the eligible candidates, 374 patients were selected by the convenience sampling method. The inclusion criteria of the study were presenting migraine headache; consent to participate in the research, as well as no major psychiatric and substance abuse disorders. The exclusion criteria of the study included not providing informed consent forms to participate in the study, failure to complete the battery questionnaire, and presenting major psychiatric disorders and substance dependence based on the patients’ records and the demographic questionnaire data. Research tools included the Scale of Behavioral Inhibition/Activation System (Carver & White, 1994), Distress Tolerance Scale (Simons & Gaher, 2005), and Coping Strategies Questionnaire (Rosenstiel & Keefe, 1983). To analyze the obtained data, descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, structural equation modeling, and Pearson correlation coefficient were used in SPSS and AMOS. The significance level of the tests was considered 0.05.

The total path coefficient between brain/behavioral systems and coping strategies was positive and significant with pain (β=0.301, p=0.001). The direct path coefficient between the brain/behavioral systems and distress tolerance was positive and significant (β=0.525, p=0.001). The direct path coefficient between distress tolerance and coping strategies was positive and significant with pain (β=0.470, p=0.001). The direct path coefficient between the brain/behavioral system and coping strategies was positive and significant with pain (β=0.054, p=0.001). Furthermore, the indirect path coefficient between brain/behavioral systems and coping strategies was positive and significant with pain (β=0.247, p=0.001). The collected results suggested that the conceptual model fitted with the collected data (χ2/df=3.25, CFI=0.953, GFI=0.923, AGFI=0.875, & RMSEA=0.078).

The present study data revealed that distress tolerance positively and significantly mediated the relationship between brain/behavioral systems, coping strategies, and pain.

The purpose of this study was to present a model for promoting professional competence for high school educational assistants in Bushehr province. The research method was applied-fundamental in terms of purpose; it was descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method and it wasqualitative-quantitative in terms of data type. The statistical population of the qualitative part of the study consisted of 24 education experts were selected through purposive non-random sampling. The statistical population of the study consisted of 1865 individuals in the secondary education of all high school deputies of Bushehr province. 318 persons were selected as sample using structural equation sampling method and multi-stage cluster sampling method. Data collection tools were semi-structured interviews and researcher-made questionnaires. Validity and reliability of the tools were calculated and verified. The method of data analysis in the qualitative part of theoretical coding was based on the data theoretic method and in quantitative part, tests such as Pearson correlation, confirmatory factor analysis and exploratory factor analysis were used. The results showed that the components of professional competence of Boushehr provincial deputies included cognitive-skill competency, attitude-behavioral competency and managerial competence. The findings also showed that the factors influencing the professional competence of the assistants included internal factors (individual characteristics, curriculum, management, information technology) and external factors (educational policies, media and a healthy society). In addition, in the present study, mechanisms, platforms and barriers to promotion of professional competence of farm assistants in Bushehr province were identified.

The main purpose of this study was to provide a model for university entrepreneurship for Islamic Azad University.

Quantitative methods were used to present the qualitative paradigm and to increase the generalizability and test the model. Was considered. The statistical population of the second group was all faculty members of Azad University, Central Tehran Branch, 1070 people, based on Cochran's formula, 283 people were selected by simple random sampling method. MaxQda software was used for data analysis in qualitative part and LISREL and SPSS software were used in quantitative part.

The results showed that the results of the interviews conducted and their coding were the extraction of 5 dimensions, 13 components and 104 indicators for university entrepreneurship in Islamic Azad University. The results also showed that 13 components of entrepreneurial indicators are in a relatively favorable situation. According to t-test, the tendency of the presented answers tends to be less than the mean options.

According to the results of Friedman test, the environmental-contextual dimension has the most and the process dimension has the least impact on the development of the Azad University as an entrepreneurial university.

Insomnia is a prevalent health problem characterized by difficulties in sleep initiation, sleep maintenance, or early morning awakenings. In comparison to other sleep disorders, research on etiology of insomnia is in its early stages. The aim of the current study was a brief review of the most important cognitive and behavioral models of insomnia and their therapeutic implications.

Several behavioral and cognitive models of insomnia tend to focus on different aspects as the start point of the process. Although each model provides a unique perspective of the insomnia, they best viewed as complementary rather than mutually exclusive. These models can be used to guide planning effective treatments for chronic insomnia.

Although different models of insomnia present a better understanding of the complex and multidimensional nature of the disorder, each one of the models has its specific strengths and weaknesses. A comprehensive model incorporates core components of existing models into one model is warranted.