جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سر » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Assessing the alignment or posture of the spine is one of the important stages of the examination in patients with musculoskeletal disorders, such as head and cervical spine pain. The aim of this study was to determine the difference in the alignment or posture of the head and cervical vertebrae in male and female students.

The research was a cross-sectional study in which 175 male and female students studying at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences were investigated using a convenience sampling method. Analysis of the alignment of the head and cervical vertebrae was performed in static and dynamic positions in the sagittal plane, in a sitting position. The photographic method was used to evaluate the alignment. An independent sample t-test was applied to statistical analysis.

In this study, 100 female and 75 male students were examined. The age range of the participants was 18 to 27 years. In the static sitting position, the difference in the lower cervical angle and cervical deviation in the neutral position of the head and neck between the male and females was significant (p<0.05). During movement, significant changes were observed in some angles (p<0.05).

Based on the results of this study, the static and dynamic alignment of the head and cervical vertebrae in male and female students were different in the sagittal plane. It is recommended to carry out more kinesiology studies to quantitatively analyze the movements of different parts of the spine in both sexes.

Wheelchair basketball athletes, as a group of people with spinal cord injury, are at risk for upper cross syndrome. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of a corrective exercise program based on scapular stability on upper cross syndrome in wheelchair basketball athletes.

In this semi-experimental study that was conducted in 2017-2018, 24 veteran and handicapped wheelchair basketball athletes who had spinal cord injury with upper cross syndrome in Mashhad were selected by purposive sampling method and divided into control (n=12) and case (n=12) groups. A corrective exercise program based on scapular stability were administered to the case group for 8 weeks. Camera and flexible ruler tools were used to measure forward head, rounded shoulder and kyphosis, respectively. Data analysis was performed by SPSS 23 software using independent t-test, paired t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Tukey’s post hoc test.

The severity of forward head, rounded shoulder and kyphosis abnormalities was less in class 3 than in class 1 and 2. There was a significant difference between the case and control groups after training in all three forward head, rounded shoulder, and kyphosis abnormalities (p<0.05).

The corrective exercises based on scapula stability are one of the most useful training methods for restoring muscle balance and preventing and correcting abnormalities in wheelchair basketball athletes.

Head and neck tumors in children have been reported and compared to similar tumors in adults; these tumors reveal significant differences in histological and clinical conditions and treatments. Malignancies of head and neck in children have been the subject of a few studies and the major problem in the conclusion of these studies is the lack of same or similar parameters in them. This study aimed to determine the frequency of head and neck neoplasms in age group less than 20 years in Isfahan City, Iran, during a 10-year period.
In this retrospective descriptive study, files related to patients with head and neck malignancies, holding in department of oral and maxillofacial pathology of Isfahan Dentistry School and archive of three related hospital in Isfahan City (Alzahra, Seiedoshohada, and Kashani) were studied. All the data were extracted and analyzed using chi-square statistical test at the significant level of P Findings: From all 143 cases, 86 cases were girls and 57 were boys. Thyroid (papillary) carcinoma with 60 cases and nasopharyngeal and cervical lymph nodes lymphoma with 35 cases were the most common malignancies. Distribution of patients according to the type of malignancy a significant difference between the first and second 5-year periods (P = 0.020).
Results show that the most common malignant lesions such as thyroid carcinoma and nasopharyngeal lymphoma were similar to previous studies. In addition, the prevalence of thyroid carcinoma was 5 times more among the girls and the prevalence of nasopharyngeal and lymph nodes lymphoma was 2 times more among the boys; these results were similar to other previous studies, too.

This study aimed to determine the diagnostic values of frozen section compared with permanent pathology results for detection of characteristic of head and neck tumors.
In a cross-sectional study, 88 patients suffered from head and neck tumors and operated during 2010-2015 in Alzahra hospital, Isfahan, Iran, were enrolled. The results of frozen section and permanent pathology were extracted from hospital records and sensitivity, specificity, false negative, false positive, and negative and positive predictive values were calculated for frozen section.
Findings: Sensitivity, specificity, false negative, false positive, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were as 89.8%, 94.4%, 5.6%, 10.2%, 95.7%, and 87.2%, respectively; and the accuracy of frozen section was 91.8%.
Frozen section test during surgeries is a good and valuable method for detection of characteristic of head and neck tumors. But, enough pathologist experience and precision of sampling by surgeon can lead to increase the accuracy rate of frozen section which finally leads to decrease of reoperation and relapse of disease, and better prognosis.

Background and Proprioception is one of the somatic senses which is used by the nervous system for muscular control. Inappropriate posture or pain could result in impaired proprioception. One of these poor postures is forward head posture (FHP). The aim of this study was to investigate cervical repositioning error in FHP subjects with and without neck pain and normal individuals.
A case-control study was conducted consisting of people who had FHP without neck pain (n=31), individuals with FHP and neck pain (n=31), and healthy subjects (n=31). Cervical total range of motion (ROM) and then repositioning error in target angle (50% of full ROM in each movement( of flexion, extension, right and left lateral flexion, and right and left rotation were measured by cervical range of motion (CROM) device. Pain intensity was measured using the visual analog scale (VAS).
Cervical ROM in FHP subjects was significantly less than that of healthy subjects in most movement directions. The absolute repositioning error of the target angle in FHP subjects was found to be significantly more than that of healthy subjects in most movement directions (p FHP whether with or without pain may increase the cervical repositioning error. But presence of pain do not leads to higher rates of error.

Injuries resulting from motor-vehicle accidents are a growing burden to health all over the world. Each year, many people get severely injured or die due to road traffic accidents. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the demographics of head and neck fractures caused by motorcycle accidents.
In the present retrospective cross-sectional study, all the patients who were referred to emergency department, during the time from March 2013 to March 2014, with head and neck injuries due to motorcycle accidents were included using census sampling. A checklist consisting of demographic data, trauma mechanism, time of trauma, being the driver or the passenger, using safety equipment, head and neck fractures, accompanying injuries, imaging findings, and final outcome was filled for all patients using their medical files, and the data were used for descriptive analysis.
386 patients with the mean age of 28.4 ± 10.79 years were evaluated (84.4% male). Most of the patients were under 30 years old (p = 0.001). Spring, with 152 (39.4%) cases, had the highest rate of accidents among the seasons. 223 (57.8%) accidents happened in the daytime (p = 0.037). Only 191 (49.5%) patients had used helmets. The most frequent fracture was cervical vertebrae fracture with 61 (15.8%) cases. Finally, 207 (53.6%) of the patients were discharged from emergency department after diagnostic and therapeutic measures were taken. 175 (45.4%) cases were hospitalized in other departments for further treatments and were later discharged with good general condition. 4 (1%) cases of mortality were recorded.
The results of the present epidemiologic study reveal that the prevalence of head and neck fractures in motorcycle accidents is higher in young people, male sex, and those who do not use safety equipment. The most common site for head and neck fractures are cervical vertebrae, skull, and face bones, respectively.

Head circumference (and its related morphologic factors such as head length and width) is one of the morphologic indices that people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) have different developmental patterns in comparison to their peers. So the aim of this study is to assess head circumference indices in relation to cognitive factors in ASD children and adolescents. In this cross-sectional study, the case group was consisted of 129 students with ASD aged 7-18 years old. The control group was consisted of 103 students with intellectual disability (ID) aged 7-18 years old. Head circumference, head length and width was measured by meter and caliper respectively. In addition, socio- cognitive factors questionnaire was responded by parents. Results showed that the head circumference, length and width of ASD group was significantly greater than ID group (p<0.001). Moreover, ASD group achieved lower score on SSIS questionnaire than ID group (p<0001). Furthermore, results showed that in ASD group with increasing the size of head circumference the score on socio-cognitive abilites and skills decreased (p<0.05). Generally, this study indicated that the developmental trajectory as well as the relation of anthropmetric indices of head circumference and socio-cognitive factors in children and adolescents with ASDs is different from ID population.

Treatment of forward head posture (FHP) is very important as it is the cause of muscle weaknesses and fatigues, decreased range of motions and impaired neck proprioception. So far, a number of interventions have been introduced for treating this disorder such as stabilization exercises. Though, until recently, the “tape” has not been used to treat this disorder. Hence, in this study we compared the effective ness of stabilization exercises and the tape in patients with FHP. Thirty-three females aged 18 - 40 years with FHP were randomly placed into three experimental groups including: stabilization exercises, tape, and no intervention (control) group. Participants were instructed to do stabilization exercises three times per week for 6 weeks. Tape was used on posterior neck and shoulder girdle. The degree of FHP which was measured by using plumb line and the craniovertebral angle was evaluated through lateral view photo taking before and after six weeks interventions and one month follow-up period. Within group analysis revealed that stabilization exercises and taping were both effective in decreasing FH inclination and improvement of postural alignment (P <0.05). Between groups analysis showed no significant differences between stabilization exercises and taping (P >0.05). Consistency of interventions was evident between two groups after follow up (P >0.05). Stabilization exercises and taping are effective methods in FHP correction. In case of difficulty in accessing to clinical services or shortage of time for exercising, using taping alone with caution could be effective in treating FHP.

Injuries are the most common cause of death among people 1 to 34 years of age and the leading cause of disability. Traffic injuries continue to represent a significant source of injury related mortality and morbidity among young people. Head and neck are prone to traumatic injury during a traffic accident as a result of pendulous movement. This study describes the incidence of head and neck injuries patterns in hospitalized traumatic patients in Tehran, Iran.
During this cross sectional study, all traumatized patients admitted in six main general hospitals in Tehran were enrolled. 2807 head and neck injured patients have been studied thoroughly. Patient's data were collected by trained physicians who were not involved with patient care. They have interviewed patients just for data gathering. To control the data quality, random samples of questionnaires were regularly checked during the study.
One third of all injured patients had a head or neck injury. There was a male predominance and 75% of patients were 40 years old or younger. Traffic collision was the leading cause of injury followed by fall.
Safety promotion to prevent traffic collision and fall are crucial to control head and neck injuries in Tehran.

Head trauma is one the most common cause of death and hospitalization worldwide. With respect to the lack of informative data, the present study was carried out to determine the epidemiology of head trauma in Kashan. It was a descriptive study. All patients who had referred during a one-year period to Naghavi Hospital with head trauma were included. Data were gathered through physical exam and also imaging modalities including CT scan. GCSS criteria was used to determine the severity of trauma. Totally, we have studied 802 individuals with head trauma, of which, 71% were males and 29% were females. Their mean age was 25.7 years. Individuals under 10 years old were the most common affected age group (29.6%). Car accident (49.6%), falling down (35.3%), and conflict (14.1%) were the most common causes. The prevalence of head trauma is relatively high. Young adults are more commonly injured. This may impose further economic problems both for family and society.