جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "سمیت سلولی" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

The present study aimed to assess the antifungal effect and compare different concentrations of thymoquinone on standard Candida strains, including Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilopsis, and Candida tropicalis, and investigate the toxicity of thymoquinone on fibroblastic cell lines in laboratory conditions. The present in vitro study was designed to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) of thymoquinone in dilutions of 0.13-70 μg/ml on four yeast strains of Candida including Candida albicans (ATCC 10231), Candida glabrata (ATCC2001), Candida tropicalis (ATCC 200956), and Candida parapsilosis (ATCC22019) by broth microdilution method. The MTT test was used to evaluate the cytotoxicity of thymoquinone and fibroblast cell line. The results of MIC and MFC examinations of thymoquinone demonstrated that Candida albicans is more sensitive than other strains to thymoquinone (MIC: 2.18 µg/ml, MFC: 4.37 µg/ml) and cytotoxicity of thymoquinone on fibroblast cell line illustrated that the lowest toxicity was in 31.72 µg/ml and the highest toxicity was in 13.07 µg/ml. As a result, according to the MIC and MFC, these concentrations were non-toxic on the fibroblast cell line. As evidenced by the results of the present study, thymoquinone in specified concentrations had an inhibitory and fungicidal effect on Candida strains with the most negligible toxicity on the fibroblastic cell line.

This study aims to investigate the in vitro effects of ethanolic extract of Nectaroscordeum koelzii on the growth and induction of apoptosis in promastigotes of Leishmania tropica.

A growth inhibition test was conducted to evaluate the effects of the extracts and a control drug on human macrophage cell lines (THP-1) and promastigotes of the standard strain of Leishmania tropica (MHOM/IR/2002/Mash2), which was obtained from the Leishmaniasis Research Center of Kerman University of Medical Sciences. The MTT method (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) was used for this evaluation. Additionally, the activity of the caspase-3-like enzyme in promastigotes was assessed using colorimetric Caspase-3 activity assay kits (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany), following the manufacturer's instructions.

The ethanolic extract of N. koelzii significantly reduced the viability of L. tropica promastigotes (P < 0.001), with an inhibitory concentration 50 (IC50) value of 88.7 μg/ml. The findings also indicated that the extract significantly increased the activation of the caspase-3 enzyme (P < 0.01). the cytotoxic concentration 50 (CC50) values for the ethanolic extract of N. koelzii and glucantime on THP-1 macrophage cells were 496.9 μg/ml and 1215.2 μg/ml, respectively.

The results of the present study indicate the potential anti-leishmanial effects of the ethanolic extract of N. koelzii on the promastigotes of Leishmania tropica. Induction of apoptosis may also be one of the most significant cellular mechanisms underlying the anti-parasitic effects of this extract. Additionally, the findings demonstrate that this extract exhibits low cytotoxicity towards normal human cells. However, further studies are needed to investigate the exact cellular mechanisms.

Contrast agents used in MRI are mostly based on metallic elements such as gadolinium and are toxic.The present study aims to prepare a non-metallic and non-toxic nanoparticle based on quantum data carbon, which can be used as a non-metallic and non-toxic contrast agent in MRI.

The cytotoxicity of nanoparticles (PN-GQDOTs) against MCF-7 and MCF-10A cells was investigated using the MTT method. The value of longitudinal relaxation r1 in the phantom model was calculated using MRI imaging with spin-echo protocol. The ability of nanoparticles to penetrate into cancer cells was determined using MRI imaging.

Cytotoxicity assay results showed no significant decrease in cell viability with different concentrations of NPs for the incubation period of 24 hours. With MRI imaging in the phantom environment, r1=4.49 was obtained for the synthesized nanoparticle, which was a significant increase compared to the dotarem material (r1=2.54).The results of animal imaging showed the ability of nanoparticles to create a difference in the contrast of the images before and after the injection of the contrast agent.

The results exhibited low cytotoxicity of the PN-GQDOTs nanoparticles in the given concentration range,which is essential for MRI imaging and further biological in vitro and in vivo applications.According to the results of the animal study, these nanoparticles can be considered as a positive and non-toxic contrast agent, which minimizes the concern about the toxicity of this medical system due to the absence of metal compounds in the structure of this compound.

L-arginine is an essential amino acid used for glutathione synthesis and as a precursor to nitric oxide, it can act as a free radical scavenger and inhibitor of lipid peroxidation. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the protective effect of L-Arginine on cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and oxidative stress in normal kidney cells and human blood lymphocytes.

In this experimental study, normal kidney cells (Vero cell line) and human blood lymphocytes were used. Vero cells were pre-treated with various concentrations of L-Arginine (9.35, 18.75, 37.5, 75, 150, and 300 µg/mL) and a damaging dose of cisplatin (1.7 µg/mL). Cell viability and IC50 (inhibitory concentration) were evaluated using the MTT assay. For genotoxicity assessment, 5 mL of venous blood sample was collected from a healthy, non-smoking, non-alcoholic volunteer using a heparin syringe and after isolating lymphocytes, different concentrations of L-Arginine were pre-treated with cisplatin at an optimal genotoxic dose. To evaluate micronucleus formation in cytokinesis-blocked binucleated lymphocytes, the slide was prepared and was evaluated by light microscopy. Oxidative stress tests, including ROS and MDA levels, were conducted. ROS levels were measured using a fluorimeter device and DA-DCFH reagent. To measure the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) produced during the lipid peroxidation process Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) was used as a reagent. Data analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA with GraphPad Prism.8 software.

Cisplatin exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity at concentrations (0.39, 0.78, 1.56, 3.12, 6.25, 12.5, 25, and 50 μg/ml) after 48 hours incubation, with an IC50 of 1.7 μg/mL. Based on the results of this study, Pre-treatment with L-arginine at concentrations of 18.75, 37.5, 75, 150, and 300 μg/ml with 1.7 μg/ml cisplatin significantly reduced cytotoxic effects, so that with the increase of L-arginine concentration, increasing the viability of normal lung cells compared to cisplatin alone as a positive control group. On the other hand, micronucleus test results showed that L-arginine significantly inhibited the genotoxicity of cisplatin in human blood lymphocytes. So in the concentration of 18.75 µg/mL, there was a significant difference with the positive control group (P<0.05), and in concentrations 37.5 to 300 µg/ml this significant difference was evident (P<0.001). Also, L-arginine in different concentrations, reduced oxidative stress caused by cisplatin by decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) production. Statistically, L-arginine had a significant difference with the positive control group in all concentrations (P<0.001).

The study demonstrated that L-Arginine, as an antioxidant compound, moderated cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and oxidative stress in normal kidney (Vero) cells and human blood lymphocytes, showing significant protective effects. Therefore, it can be hoped for potential use as a preventive agent.

Due to the absence of a conclusive cure for a severely painful mouth ulcer, the creation of a medication to regulate this ailment is greatly advantageous. Folinic acid is a derivative of 5-formyl tetrahydrofolic acid. Unlike folic acid (the synthetic form of folate), folinic acid is a form of folate found naturally in foods. Folinic acid can be converted to other active forms of folate in the body and has the activity of the complete vitamin folic acid. Since folinic acid has wound-healing effects, it may play an important role in accelerating the healing of aphthous wounds. By determining the optimal dose, folinic acid can be suggested as a recommended treatment option for people with oral ulcers such as aphthous wounds. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of folinic acid on the growth of gingival fibroblast cells as a treatment for mouth ulcers.

During this experimental study, human gingival fibroblast cell lines were cultured in sterile conditions in a DMEM culture medium of 10% bovine serum and 1% penicillin and tetracycline antibiotics at 37 degrees. These cells were exposed to different concentrations of folinic acid drug (5, 20, 25, 30, 40, 50, 80, 100 μM). The MTT method was used to evaluate cell viability and determine IC50 (inhibitory concentration). In this experiment, due to the uncertainty of its range of toxicity on cells, the relative toxicity was determined in a pilot phase and with few repetitions. Each concentration was repeated four times and incubated at different times (24, 48, and 72 hours). After the incubation time, the supernatant of each well was discarded and 100 μl of MTT solution was added to each well. After four hours of incubation, the supernatant was discarded and 100 μL of DMSO was added. Then, using an ELISA reader, the optical absorbance of each well was measured at a wavelength of 540-690 nm. Finally, IC50, which indicates the drug concentration necessary to inhibit 50% of cell growth, was calculated using the growth curve, and the results were analyzed using SPSS software version 19.

In this study, the effect of folinic acid cytotoxicity on human gingival fibroblast cell line (HGF1) in a cell culture medium was investigated three times in different concentrations. The results showed that 70% of the cells were still alive in 24 hours up to a concentration of 100 μM, which can indicate the effective use of this drug for the treatment of pest damage. In 48 hours, IC50= 1.78 μM was obtained, which indicates that in studies with a time limit of 48 hours, up to a dose of 80 μM of folinic acid can be used to use the therapeutic effects of this drug. In 72 hours, IC50 was calculated as 66.7 μM.

These findings provide valuable information about the dose-response relationship and the impact of folic acid on HGF1 cells. It indicates that higher concentrations of folic acid are needed initially to achieve a significant reduction in cell growth, but with longer exposure, lower concentrations can be effective.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most common human brain tumors. The use of temozolomide drug can be mentioned among the treatment methods. Researchers are trying to use methods to overcome resistance to temozolomide. Regarding the anticancer effects of Prosopis farcta in traditional Iranian medicine, the present study aimed to investigate the effect of the fruit hydroalcoholic extract of Prosopis farcta on the toxicity induced by temozolomide in the GBM cell line.

The T98G cell line was treated with plant extract and temozolomide. The cell survival rate was evaluated by MTT assay. The type of interaction between herbal extract and temozolomide was evaluated using the MTT test and Compusyn software. In addition, the amount of nitric oxide production in cancer cells was measured. Furthermore, the expression of the O-6-Methylguanine-DNA Methyltransferase (MGMT) gene was evaluated by Real-time PCR.

Hydroalcoholic extract of the plant and temozolomide decreased cell viability in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The combination of extract and temozolomide had a synergistic effect in reducing cell survival. The hydroalcoholic extract and/or temozolomide caused a significant decrease in nitric oxide production and secretion (P<0.05). Considering the expression of MGMT, the hydroalcoholic extract and temozolomide significantly decreased and increased the expression of this gene, respectively (P<0.05). Simultaneous treatment caused a significant decrease in MGMT expression compared to the group treated with temozolomide (P<0.05).

The combination of Prosopis farcta fruit extract and temozolomide had synergistic antitumor potential in GBM cells. This extract could reduce cellular resistance to temozolomide through the downregulation of MGMT expression.

Considering the broad spectrum of using nanoparticles in food coatings as a potent antimicrobial agent and their possible cytotoxic effects and accidental consumption of these toxic materials, this study was performed. The present study aimed to investigate the cytotoxicity of chitosan and nano-chitosan in vitro.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 in the Laboratory of the Department of Food Hygiene and Public Health, School of Veterinary Medicine, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. The XRD and FITR techniques were employed to study the characteristics of these nanoparticles. Moreover, two cell lines, HT-29 and Vero, were used to study the cytotoxic effects of chitosan and nano-chitosan by MTT assay, acridine orange, and ethidium bromide staining. One-way ANOVA and independent t-test were used to analyze the collected data with the help of SPSS software (version 19).

Based on the obtained findings, the maximum values of XRD at the angle of θ2 were observed at 20°. The highest peak appeared at 1530 cm-1, which was associated with tensile vibration of N-P-N. The spectrum diagram of chitosan due to the tensile vibration of synthetic nanochitosan of N-H bound appeared at 1646 cm-1. The results showed a proportional increase in the cytotoxicity with time and concentration of nanoparticles in the cells.

Since by increase in time and concentration of nanoparticles, toxicity was observed in cells; therefore, the time and concentration of chitosan nanoparticles are important in causing cytotoxicity. Considering the toxic effects of these nanocomposites on cancer cells, they can be used in cancer treatment, which requires further studies.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men. Docetaxel is the most important drug for prostate cancer,but drug resistance reducesits effectiveness. One of the important strategies to increase the drug efficacy is the use of combination therapy. This study investigated toxic effect of Lippia citriodoraleaf extract on two prostate cancer cell lines and its effect on docetaxel cytotoxicity.

Cytotoxicity of Lippia citriodoraleaf extract was evaluated individually or in combination with docetaxel. Cells were cultured in 96-well plates. After treating cells with different concentrations of extracts and drugs, their survival was measured by MTT assay.

Lippia citriodoraleaf extract showed a highly toxic effect on prostate cancer cells. The extract at the highest concentration, decreased the percentage of viable cells to 18.01 ± 1.37 in PC-3 cells and to 20.80 ± 1.06 in LNCaP cells. The IC50 value of the extract was 78.14 mg/ml for PC-3 cells and 88.76 mg/ml for LNCaP cells. In addition, the extract increased the cytotoxicity of docetaxel. In the maximum increasing effect, the percentage of survival in PC-3 and LNCaP cells decreased from 50.87 ± 2.46 to 26.48 ± 1.12 and from 54.13 ± 1.83 to 28.84 ± 1.69, respectively.

Lippia citriodoraleaf extract had a remarkable toxic effect on prostate cancer cells in vitro and increased docetaxel cytotoxicity. The antitumor effects of the extract can be further evaluated in vivo and clinical trials.

Cilostazol is a prescription medication for intermittent claudication in patients with peripheral artery disease. Previous research has demonstrated that this 2-oxoquinoline derivative possesses antithrombotic, vasodilator, antimitogenic, and antioxidant effects. Cilostazol exerts its products through the inhibition of PDE3 activity and the prevention of cAMP degradation. The present study aimed to examine the protective properties of cilostazol against carboplatin-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in Beas-2B and human blood lymphocyte cells.

cells were pre-treated with different concentrations of cilostazol (5, 25, 50, and 100 μM) with carboplatin at an optimum cytotoxic dosage (9.2 µM). The MTT and micronucleus assays were used to assess cytotoxicity and genotoxicity. Statistical analysis was performed using the one-way ANOVA in Prism Ver. 8 software.

The cytotoxic effect of carboplatin was dose-dependent, as evidenced by the 48h culture treatment with concentrations of 0.3, 1, 3, 10, and 30 µM. Pre-treatment of cilostazol at 25, 50, and 100 µM with carboplatin at 9.2 µM enhanced cell viability in Beas-2B cells compared to the carboplatin alone as positive control. Additionally, cilostazol at 50 and 100 µM showed its potent genoprotective effects via micronucleus assay against carboplatin at IC50 at blood lymphocyte cells.

Cilostazol provided conceivable protective effects by modulating cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by carboplatin in Beas-2B and human blood lymphocyte cells.

Chemotherapy is one of the most common and important treatments in the fight against breast cancer, but drug resistance to these drugs reduces the success of the treatment. Today, extensive research is focused on the role of herbal compounds in increasing the effect of chemotherapeutic drugs. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of hydro-methanolic extract of Echium amoenum on two breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB468 and its role in the cytotoxic activity of doxorubicin.

The effect of Echium amoenum extract and doxorubicin alone or in combination were examined at two incubation times of 24 and 48 hours. Cells were seeded at a density of 104 cells per well in 96-well plates, and after treatment with different concentrations of extract and drug, their viability was measured by MTT assay.

Echium amoenum extract showed a high cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cells, while it had less toxicity on normal cells. The extract at the highest tested concentration reduced the percentage of viable cells in MCF-7 cells and in MDA-MB468 cells to 10.59 ± 0.72 and 12.22 ± 0.78%, respectively. The inhibitory effect of doxorubicin was 19.31 ± 0.92 and 18.13% ± 0.99 for MCF-7 and MDA-MB468 cells, respectively. IC50 of the extract in 24 and 48 hours incubation was calculated, for MCF-7 cells, 2.41 and 1.78 mg/ml, respectively, and for MDA-MB468 cells, 2.41 and 1.78 mg/ml, respectively.. The extract also showed a significant effect in increasing the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin. The maximum effect was seen with a concentration of 5 mg/ml of extract on a concentration of 1 μg/ml of doxorubicin in 48 hours incubation. The percentage of survival in MCF-7 and MDA-MB468 cells was decreased from 46.38 ± 1.80 to 24.23 ± 1.46 and from 55.30 ± 1.95 to 35.99 ± 1.40, respectively.

Echium amoenum extract effectively killed the breast cancer cells in vitro and increased the cytotoxicity of doxorubicin. Further evaluation of the anti-tumor effects of the extract can be done in vivo.
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In the world, every 20 seconds, a patient loses his leg due to diabetes. it is also known that diabetic foot ulcers develop in the feet of about 300,000 patients every year, and it is known that 20,000-30,000 of these patients lose their legs. The increasing prevalence of diabetes worldwide has caused countless personal and social problems. So that today this disease has become an epidemic. Diabetic foot ulcer is a common disease among patients with type 1 and 2 diabetes, which is usually caused by an injury, even if minor, to the feet. The treatment of these wounds in people who do not have diabetes is usually done spontaneously, but in the case of diabetic patients, it is necessary to take care of this wound quickly and pay attention to it to avoid possible risks and problems. Peripheral neuropathy and lower limb ischemia caused by peripheral artery disease are considered to be the main causes of diabetic foot ulcer. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy is one of the accelerating factors in almost 90% of diabetic foot ulcers. This wound is usually formed under the ankle as a result of a break in the skin structure and gradually involves the lower layers of the skin. It is one of the health and economic-social problems. This complication is the main cause of disability and incurs high costs for diabetic patients. Also, infections at the time of diabetic foot ulcer is another problem of sufferers, that's why researchers are trying to use different scientific fields for the best result in improving the damage caused by diabetic foot ulcer. Curcumin, the biologically active substance of turmeric, has wide biological properties, such as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-diabetic and anti-cancer. Although due to the low solubility of this substance in water, the use of its medicinal and biological properties is limited, but despite its limited availability in the level of biological activity, curcumin has shown positive and noticeable effects in the human digestive system and the body's defense systems. It inhibits various types of diseases. The effective ability of inhibiting the stringing of various proteins in the condition of fibrillation and also inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species by this molecule have been studied. Curcumin regulates their function by reacting directly or indirectly with more than 30 proteins. The low dissolution of curcumin in water causes its use to be limited. For this reason, many studies have been done to increase its dissolution. Curcumin encapsulation using some carrier molecules, such as bovine serum albumin, increases the effectiveness of curcumin. Betacasein is among the proteins that can create nanostructured micelles that act as a carrier for hydrophobic molecules. In a study, our research group used beta-caseins from camel milk to encapsulate curcumin, the results of which show an increase in the solubility of curcumin up to 2400 times, and to improve the performance of curcumin, today researchers have been able to create nanoparticle structures of this composition. In recent years, studies in the field of nanoparticles are being carried out at a high speed. The scope of nanomedicine includes pharmaceutical applications and nanoelectronic and nanomolecular biosensors. Nanomedicine can have a significant impact on life-threatening diseases. The diseases that can be affected by nanotechnology in the next few years include cancer, diseases of the cardiovascular system, lungs, blood, brain and nerves, diabetes, inflammatory/infectious diseases, and Parkinson's disease or Alzheimer's and orthopedic problems. In recent years, researchers have investigated and scientifically studied various factors such as particle size, nanoparticle morphology, material type selection, and nanomaterial synthesis and optimization techniques to provide an ideal nanosystem for targeted and more effective drug delivery. The diverse properties of nanoparticles have made it possible to provide understandable and reassuring solutions for therapeutic, diagnostic, preventive and biological challenges in the field of nanomedicine research. However, the challenges of the physiological system are very complex and the cells show various responses at the nanoscale level, so understanding the interaction of nanomaterials and biological compounds and nanobiotechnological studies are very necessary and important. Macromolecular synthesis and polymer diversity have found wide applications in therapeutic applications. Nanocomposites and nanoparticles are used in the fields of inducing the growth of cells and also in the delivery of drugs to the target tissue. It has also been shown in cell studies that damage to the cell activates a huge amount of oxidative stress, which has irreparable effects on the systems and organs of living organisms.

We designed superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles loaded with curcumin (Fe3O4 magnetic- CurNPs) to achieve an enhanced co-therapeutic effect. The physicochemical properties of Fe3O4 magnetic- CurNPs were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and dynamic laser light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential. Further, to prove Fe3O4 magnetic-CurNPs results in superior therapeutic effects, and also, the cell viability, reactive oxygen species production (ROS), lipid peroxidation level, cytochrome c release, as well as histopathological changes in skin tissue.

We showed that effective co-treatment with nanoparticle induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in the diabetic foot ulcer. Nanoparticle, as well as cell viability low level reduced in the cells of treated group compared with control (p < 0.05). ROS generation, lipid peroxidation and cytochrome c release were (p < 0.05) increased in the cells of treated group compared with control group.

Taken together, Fe3O4 magnetic-CurNPs exhibits potent antioxidant activity in fibroblast isolated from skin diabetic foot ulcer. This approach can be extended to preclinical use in skin foot ulcer treatment in the future.

Cancer is the second leading cause of death worldwide after cardiovascular disease in spite of a fact that a decrease in cancer mortality rate has been reported (1). Although, cancer is the third cause of death in IRAN after cardiovascular diseases and road accidents and it`s mortality rate are more than developed conteries. Cancer chemotherapy of cytotoxic drugs and radiotherapy are accompanied by highly deleterious and often life-threatening side effects. In recent years, the use of medicinal plants in the treatment of diseases such as cancer has developed significantly (2). Among them, Artemisia is a large genus of plant, around 200 and 400 species which is grow in temperate climates of dry or semiarid habitats. The most well known species include A. vulgaris, A. tridentata ,A. annua and A. absinthium. Most species have aromas and bitter tastes from terpenoids and sesquiterpene lactones and bioactive phytochemicals that have been reported to exhibit sveral human health effects including  antimalarial, antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities (3). Recently, artemisinin derivative (artemisinin-combination therapies) are accepted as a gold standard treatment worldwide for malaria caused by Plasmodium falciparum. In the case of cancer treatment, the plant species and its bioactive compounds target multiple pathways. Also, due to the promising features of herbal plant its anti-cancer activity has been investigated for use in modern medicine. In this case, artemisinins have shown potent anticancer activity in multiple cancers in vitro and in vivo via different mode of action including autophagy, cell cycle arrest, and apoptosis.A well-known type of programed cell death which described in 1842 is apoptosis. The cells initiates intracellular apoptotic signaling in response to many factors including stress, heat, radiation, viral infection as well as   hypoxia, Several proteins andmediators are involved, but two main methods of regulation have been identified: the intrinsic pathway is also known as the mitochondrial pathway and extrinsic pathway is identified by TNF and Fas pathways.Apoptosis is one of the of programmed cell death that occurs in multicellular organisms such as mamals and can be activated by either intrinsic or extrinsic factors. There are at least two kind of signaling pathways that lead to apoptosis, the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis and the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis.  The extrinsic pathway of apoptosis is triggered by the extracellular environment and death signals. The intrinsic pathway of apoptosis pathway is linked to mitochondria and DNA damage. In both the intrinsic and extrinsic pathway of apoptosis, signaling results in the activation of a family of Cys (Cysteine) proteases, named caspases. In the mitochondrial-dependent phatway Cyto C release lead to formation of a catalytic multiprotein protein so called apoptosome that can activates Caspase-9. Activated Caspase-9 then is able to cleave Caspase-3and apoptosis cascade. In the other hand, during apoptosis which is initiated by mitochondria, cytochrome c is released through the activation of Bax and Bak proteins. Upon cytochrome c is released it binds with Apoptotic protease activating factor – 1 also called Apaf-1 The Apaf-1 then bind to pro-caspase-9 to create a protein complex known as an apoptosome. Active from of initiator caspase of 9 is cleaved by apoptosome and start to cleaves and activates effector pro-caspase into the effector caspase-3 (4).
In several studies have shown that different types of Artemisia Sp. might have anticancer effect but the mode of action of its anticancer activity is not well known. In this regard, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of hydroalchoholic extract of Artemisia siberi Besser. and Artemisa vulgaris L. on the induction of apoptosis in B16 cell lines.

For this purpose, the hydroalchoholic extracts of these two plants were prepared by percolation method. Then the B16 melanoma cell lines were grown on Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) cell culture and 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide ( MTT) method was utilized to obtain the appropriate concentrations of Artemisia siberi Besser. and Artemisa vulgaris L. for determination of The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of each extract. After calculation of IC50, the amount of released cytochrome C and activity of caspase 3 were measured by using standard kits. In these experiments, duxorubicine was used as positive control. For possible identification of active ingredient of extracts, Quersetin was used as flavonoid marker.

The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 value) of the Artemisia siberi Besser. and  Artemisa vulgaris L.  was determined by constructing dose-response curves. According to the IC50 values, their potencies can be ranked as follows:Artemisia siberi Besser> Quercetin>Artemisa vulgaris L. According to the MTT test, IC50 values were 480 µg/ml, 500 µg/ml and 5000µg/ml for Artemisia siberi Besser, Quercetin and Artemisia. Vulgaris L, respectively.The amount of cytochrome C release for Artemisia siberi Besser. and Artemisa vulgaris L.  was significantly increased 1.53 and 1.93 time more than control group respectively.  There was a significant difference between the increases of activities of caspase3 by Artemisia siberi Besser. and Artemisa vulgaris L compared to the negative and positive controls (1.63 and 4.7times more than negative control respectively). There was also significant difference between the increases activities of caspase3 by Artemisa vulgaris L compared to positive control.

According to the outcomes, it is concluded that the hydroalchoholic extracts of A. vulgaris and A. siberi can induce apoptosis via mitochondrial-dependent pathway as a considerable underlying mechanism.The IC50 value of Artemisia siberi Besser is comparible with Quercetin. Also, the caspase 3 activity induced by Artemisa vulgaris L is notable. However, inorder to show that this phytochemical have anticancer activity, fractionation and separation of active ingredients as well as more in vitro and in vivo studies seems to be necessary.

Background &

Cancer chemotherapy is facing many problems such as patients' intolerance or resistance of cancer cells to the used compounds and drugs. In this regard, researchers are continuously trying to design new anti-cancer compounds and use them. Test to find a combination that can overcome these problems. Considering that structures containing Indole rings and toxic Carbazone and Thiazoles have already shown different biological effects. In this article, hybrids of these chemical structures will be designed and their effects will be investigated, maybe new compounds can be obtained to overcome some of the problems in the way of chemotherapy. The purpose of this paper is to synthesize and investigate the anticancer properties of new hybrid compounds of Indole attached to Triazole and thiosemicarbazone pharmacophores using the click method. Derivatives of indole and 3,2,1-triazoles and thiosemicarbazone are of special importance due to various biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-HIV, anti-fungal, and anti-cancer. In this research, new derivatives of 3, 2,1-triazoles attached to 2-aryl-1H-indole-3-substituted system by click reaction between 2-aryl-1-prop-2-ynyl-1H-indole-3-substituted and azide Aromatics were synthesized in the presence of copper(II) acetate and sodium ascorbate catalyst in ethanol solvent. Also, a series of new derivatives of 2-aryl-1H-indole-3-substituted hybridized with thiosemicarbazone and triazole were synthesized in the presence of Paratoluenesulfonic acid catalyst in ethanol solvent, and the cytotoxic activity of these compounds on Hela and MCF cell lines. Compounds with heterocyclic structures, because they exist in many natural products and exhibit different physicochemical properties, also have different biological effects, which has diversified their use in the treatment of various diseases. Cancer chemotherapy is faced with many problems such as patient intolerance or resistance of cancer cells to the used compounds and drugs. In this regard, researchers are constantly trying to design new anti-cancer compounds and test them to find a combination. achieve that can overcome these problems. They are considering that structures containing indole rings and toxic carbazone and thiazoles have already shown different biological effects. In this article, hybrids of these chemical structures will be designed and their effects will be investigated, maybe new compounds can be obtained to overcome some of the problems in chemotherapy. Derivatives of indole and 3,2,1-triazoles and thiosemicarbazone are of special importance due to their various biological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-HIV, anti-fungal, and anti-cancer. In this research, new derivatives of 3, 2,1-triazoles attached to 2-aryl-1H-indole-3-substituted system by click reaction between 2-aryl-1-prop-2-ynyl-1H-indole-3-substituted and azide Aromatics were synthesized in the presence of copper(II) acetate and sodium ascorbate catalyst in ethanol solvent. Also, a series of new derivatives of 2-aryl-1H-indole-3-substituted hybridized with thiosemicarbazone and triazole were synthesized in the presence of para toluene sulfonic acid catalyst in ethanol solvent, and the cytotoxic activity of these compounds on Hela and MCF cell lines. 7 was investigated. To solve the problem of cancer from compounds with different pharmacophores such as indole, triazole (due to the presence in many cytotoxic and antimicrobial compounds and the effectiveness of this skeleton), and thiosemicarbazone and connecting these three pharmacophores to find new compounds that have possible cytotoxicity were used.

Derivatives of Indole and 3,2,1-triazoles and thiosemicarbazone are of special importance due to various biological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-HIV, anti-fungal, and anti-cancer. In this paper, the click reaction was used for the synthesis of compounds. The click reactions were performed under mild conditions in the presence of cheap solvent and in a short time, and the product with high efficiency and purity (lowest amount of side products) is obtained. Click reaction of new derivatives of 3,2,1-triazoles attached to the 2-aryl-1H-indole-3-substituted system between 2-aryl-1-prop-2-ynyl-1H-indole-3-substituted Decompound Aromatic Azides were synthesized in the presence of copper(II) acetate and sodium ascorbate catalyst in ethanol solvent. Also, a series of new derivatives of 2-aryl-1H-indole-3-substituted hybridized with thiosemicarbazone and Triazole were also synthesized in the presence of Paratoluenesulfonic acid catalyst in ethanol solvent, and the structure of all the synthesized compounds was analyzed by IR, H-NMR1 and 13 C-NMR were confirmed.

In order to solve the problem of cancer from compounds with different Pharmacophores such as Indole, Triazole (due to the presence in many cytotoxic and antimicrobial compounds and the effectiveness of this skeleton), and thiosemicarbazone and connecting these three pharmacophores to each other It was used to find new compounds that have possible cytotoxicity. The cytotoxic activity of these compounds on Hela and MCF-7 cell lines was evaluated by the MTT method.

The results showed that the investigated compounds had a significant cytotoxic effect on the Hela cell line only at the highest concentration (1000 µM) and had no effect at other concentrations and in some cases, including the effect on the MCF line. It seems that the compounds even increased cell growth. This increase in growth is likely to be due to the structural similarity of some compounds with phenolic structures, which has been shown in previous studies that phenolic groups act similar to estrogenic compounds and therefore can mimic growth. According to the results, these compounds can be considered as non-toxic agents for other therapeutic applications.

Today, cancer is one of the health concerns in modern societies. The use of nanoparticles in diagnosis, drug delivery, imaging, and cancer treatment has received much attention in medical sciences.   The most important problem when treating cancer with chemotherapy is the lack of access to the central parts of the mass due to its less blood supply. This study aimed to investigate the toxicity of iron oxide nanoparticles coated with biopolymer chitosan/alginate on melanoma cancer cells (Hep G2 cells).

In this research, magnetic iron nanoparticles were coated with two biopolymers, namely chitosan and alginate. The size and surface morphology of these nanoparticles were checked by size measuring device and scanning electron microscope. Moreover, the binding of functional groups of chitosan and alginate to iron magnetic nanoparticles was checked by an infrared spectrometer. In this study, magnetic iron nanoparticles and modified nanoparticles were treated for 24 hours and the IC50 concentration of the compounds was estimated. The toxic properties of these nanoparticles were evaluated by MTT test and acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining.

After examining the photos of the scanning electron microscope and the size measuring device, the size of 50 nanometers was shown for the modified iron nanoparticles, and the shape of these nanoparticles was observed to be completely round and spherical.

The findings from the investigations of binanoparticles definitely confirmed the effective coating of nanoparticles by chitosan and alginate biopolymers. Furthermore, the findings showed that magnetic iron nanoparticles had higher toxic effects depending on the concentration and their IC50 concentration was about 134 µM/ml, while the coated nanoparticles had significantly lower toxic effects and did not have significant toxicity on Hep G2 cells at concentrations below 25 μM/ml. The coating of iron oxy nanoparticles significantly reduces their toxicity concentration.

Fluoxetine-induced cytotoxicity involves multiple mechanisms, including increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced antioxidant capacity by decreasing levels of GSH and buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which are associated with increased levels of protein carbonyls, malondialdehyde, GST activity, NO and NF-KB levels, and superoxide anions. The purpose of this study was the effect of lycopene and L-carnitine on cytotoxicity and oxidative stress caused by fluoxetine on normal gingival cell line.

In this study, 50, 100, and 200 µM concentrations of L-carnitine and lycopene were used as antioxidants to investigate the cellular toxicity caused by fluoxetine and by measuring oxidative stress factors such as ROS and lipid peroxidation (LPO). Statistical analysis was performed using Prism V8 software, and a p <0.05 was considered significant.

The results showed that fluoxetine induced cellular oxidative stress by impairing mitochondrial function. Co-treatment of cells with fluoxetine, lycopene, and L-carnitine effectively inhibited fluoxetine-induced cytotoxicity, scavenged free radicals, and prevented lipid membrane damage (p<0.05).

this study demonstrates that fluoxetine can induce cellular damage. Further investigations should be conducted on larger patient populations undergoing longer treatment periods with antidepressants to evaluate their cellular toxicity. The findings also indicate that lycopene and L-carnitine have potent antioxidant effects in mitigating fluoxetine-induced cytotoxicity by scavenging free radicals and preventing lipid membrane damage.

In order to investigate the effects of new drugs, we decided to investigate twelve new derivatives with the basic structure of spirooxindoles that were previously synthesized for antimicrobial, antifungal and anticancer properties.

In this experimental study, we evaluated 12 spirooxyindole derivatives. The inhibitory effect of the compounds has been studied using broth microdilution method based on CLSI protocols on 16 different species of bacteria and fungi. Then, 6 compounds have been selected and their cytotoxicity effects on 2 cell lines MCF-7 and A-549 compared to doxorubicin have been investigated by MTT method. Excel 2013 software was used to perform statistical calculations of the results obtained from each experiment, and GraphPad Curve Expert 1.4 software was used to draw graphs and determine IC50 with a significance level of 0.05.

At the concentration range of 1-512 μg/ml, the synthesized derivatives were not able to inhibit the growth or death of the investigated fungi and bacteria. Only the compound I12 at a concentration of 1000 μg/ml was able inhibit the growth of MFC-7 cell line by 49.23%.

Due to the lack of effective effect of these compounds in inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi, for the optimal use of these compounds in the treatment of fungal and bacterial infections, it is necessary to make more changes on their structures. Cytotoxicity assay reveals that the presence of the bulky ester in the N position of the isatin ring as well as the CN attached to the pyridine ring has been beneficial in the effectiveness of these derivatives.

Tetrazole compounds have various effects such as antiviral, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant and anti-cancer effects. To introduce new therapeutic options, we examined the biological effects of several newly synthesized tetrazoles in order to address the lack of effectiveness and the incidence of drug resistance.

Pre-synthesized tetrazole compounds were solubilized in appropriate solvent and then cytotoxic at concentrations of 0.1, 0.01 and 0.001 mM on HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines using MTT assay. The antimicrobial activity of these compounds was determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of the compounds.

Evaluation of studied compounds showed significant toxicity against HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines. On the other hand, all compounds except compounds 5 and 6 that had methyl and aldehyde groups respectively, showed good antimicrobial activity against selected microorganisms.

Results of cytotoxic studies performed on the HeLa cell line shows that none of the compounds could reduce the percentage of living cells below 50% after 48 hours, while within 72 hours, all compounds except 1 and 2 (respectively with methoxy and hydroxyl groups) were reduced cell viability below 50. In the study of antimicrobial effects, 1, 2, 3 and 4 showed 0.04 µM and 0.1 mM for MIC and MBC, respectively, which illustrated relatively proper antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli and antifungal effect against Candida albicans.

In tissue engineering, a porous material is applied as the extracellular matrix or scaffold for cell growth. Then growth factors are added to this scaffold whose cytotoxicity must be assessed. In this study, the cytotoxicity effects of polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/bioglass nanocomposite scaffolds on human osteoblast-like cells (SAOS-2 cells) are explored.

This study was experimental and was done in Isfahan Dental School. The polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/bioglass nanocomposite scaffold was fabricated using the electrospinning method. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis was used to evaluate the morphological characteristics of the nanofibers and their diameter distribution. Additionally, bioglass nanoparticles in the fibers were identified via SEM. The MTT assay was performed to assess cell viability after 3, 5, and 7 days. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0 through statistical tests including Kruskal-Wallis test (p value ≤ 0.05).

According to SEM images, the scaffold fibers were fully porous and no beads were observed. Furthermore, the polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/bioglass scaffold showed greater cell viability and proliferation compared to the groups lacking bioglass.

The polyhydroxybutyrate/chitosan/bioglass scaffold has no cytotoxic effect on osteoblast– like cells.

Background & Aim:

Cancer is one of the serious health problems of today's societies, and extensive efforts are being made to deal with it. Nevertheless, in many cases, cancer cells can finally deal with the provided treatment solutions and even sometimes, with the emergence of resistance to chemotherapy, they can benefit from the treatments used for faster tumor growth. Currently, there are several specific CDK4/6 inhibitors such as Palbociclib, Ribociclib, Abemaciclib, and these specific inhibitors significantly reduce tumorigenesis, growth, and tumor invasion. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity of Abemaciclib drug on the growth rate and ROS production in two cancer cell lines, A549 and AGS.

Materials & Methods:

In this experimental study, AGS (gastric cancer) and 549A (lung cancer) cell lines were cultured. Cell viability was measured by MTT test and oxygen free radical production rate by ROS test to check the sensitivity of Abemaciclib drug in doses of 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20 μM in specified cell lines. The data was analyzed with Graph Pad Prism v.:8 software and P<0.05 was considered as a significant level.

The findings of this study show that Abemaciclib can be used as a therapeutic agent in these two cancers, because with the increase in drug concentration, the growth of the target cancer cells decreased.

The results obtained from this study showed that Abemaciclib significantly reduced cell survival and proliferation in (549A) and (AGS) cell lines compared to the control at doses of 10 and 20 μM. More laboratory and animal studies are needed to investigate the exact molecular and clinical processes of Abemaciclib.