جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سگ » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

 Gastric ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori is one of the common diseases in humans, which is transmitted through eating and drinking. This bacterium has the ability to settle in the stomach of some animal species, including dogs and cats. In some cases, the carrier animals are the source of infection for humans. The present study aimed to assess the amount of Helicobacter pylori infection in people having contact with pets, and the pets themselves in Isfahan.

 To dis end, 115 fecal samples were taken from the owners of domestic dogs and cats and microbial culture and polymerase chain reaction tests were performed to identify Helicobacter pylori.

The results indicated that 36% of domestic dog owners, 80% of domestic cat owners, and 8% of dogs themselves were infected. In addition, no positive cases of infection were observed in cats. In the chi square test (Pearson's test), the infection of domestic dogs and cats showed a significant relationship with the infection of their owners (P<0.05).

The relatively significant infection of dogs to Helicobacter pylori and the possibility of its transmission to humans makes the observation of health care more important more than ever.

A dog is an animal that is usually kept as a pet and is often allowed to live indoors. However, the issue of the uncleanliness of dogs is an important matter of jurisprudence, and it is necessary to understand the ruling on their uncleanliness. Some people argue that considering dogs unclean is against their rights. The respectful treatment of such issues, especially for those who are not qualified to comment on religious issues, has raised doubts and uncertainties about the nature of certain religious tenets. On the other hand, the hadiths (traditions) of the infallibles clearly mention the uncleanliness of dogs. In the field of medical parasitology, dogs play an important role in the transmission of parasitic diseases such as hydatid cysts and toxocara.

This descriptive-analytical study aims to investigate the views of religious jurists on the uncleanliness of dogs and the effects of dogs on human health from a medical -parasitological and Islamic perspective.

According to the sciences of medical parasitology and Islam, the dog has a great impact on the pathogenesis of human diseases mediated by contact with the feces and urine of this animal.

In accordance with religious traditions about dogs, their impurity is indisputable. Many parasitic diseases in humans, such as hydatid cysts, toxocara, etc., can be transmitted to humans through the feces of dogs. Therefore, the uncleanliness of dogs is also important in terms of health and Islamic rules.

Since Staphylococcus aureus is the main pathogen of Staphylococcus and causes various hospital-acquired infections including urinary tract infections, it is of value to examine resistance patterns of this organism, methicillin-resistance in particular. This study was aimed to examine the antibiotic resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus strains separated from urine samples of apparently healthy dogs in Isfahan.

200 urine samples (20 ml) were taken from apparently healthy dogs in different clinics and kennels of Isfahan, collected in sterile urine containers and examined through microbial and molecular cultures. After the isolates were molecularly approved, the simple disk diffusion test and PCR were used to determine antibiotic resistance patterns, and cassette chromosomes of mecA genes, respectively.

Among the samples, 23 (11.5%) were infected with Staphylococcus aureus and exhibited 16srRNA genes in PCR. Their antibiotic resistance patterns were detected by CLSI based antibiogram. All the examined isolates showed multiple antibiotic resistance, among which penicillin (95.65%) and tetracyclin (91.30%) were the highest; whereas, the lowest resistance related to nitrofurantoin (34.78%). 73.91% of the isolates included mecA genes, with Sccmec III being the most frequent cassette chromosome, in methicillin-resistant isolates (47.05%).

The prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus strains, resistant to a broad spectrum of first-choice and second-choice antibiotics, indicates the spread of these strains in dog population. Therefore, the treatment of choice should be selected based on antibiogram results.

Taenia spp. and Echinococcus are important common zoonotic parasites in dogs. Dogs as the most important final hosts were infected with several species of these helminths simultaneously which are morphologically indistinguishable. The aim of the present study was to investigate Taenia spp eggs contamination in dogs of Urmia, Iran, by molecular method.

In this study, a total of 246 dog fecal samples were collected from Urmia, northwest of Iran, and examined using a flotation method followed by multiplex PCR for detection and identification of parasites’ eggs.

Taeniid eggs were observed in 12 (4.57%) of samples. Based on Multiplex PCR analysis, 1.62%, 2.03% and 1.21% of samples were infected with Echinococcus granulosus, Tenia spp and simultaneous infection of Tania and E. granulosus were observed, respectively. E. multilocularis was not seen in the samples.

Considering the observation of infection with Echinococcus granulosus and Taenia spp. in this study and their importance as zoonotic parasites, it is recommended to design and implement control programs.

Dogs are associated with more than 60 types of common diseases with humans, among which parasitic diseases play an important role in public health. This study aimed to estimate the frequency of gastrointestinal helminths fauna among dogs in Gorgan, Iran.

This descriptive-analytical study was done on 70 dogs (37 male and 33 female) consisting of 40 shelter dogs, 18 pet dogs and 14 guard dogs in Gorgan (Iran) from November 2019 to January 2020. Age, gender and housing places of the dogs were recorded, and dogs' fecal samples were examined for gastrointestinal helminths by flotation method with Sheather's solution.

The eggs of gastrointestinal helminths were detected in 41 dogs (58.6%), including Toxocara canis (29.3%), Echino-taenia (26.8%), hookworms (24.4%), Trichuris vulpis (7.3%) and Toxascaris leonina (12.2%). The highest and lowest rates of infection were related to Toxocara canis (31.8%) in female dogs Trichuris vulpis (5.3%) in male dogs, respectively. Also, in female dogs, 69.7% of the samples were infected with at least one gastrointestinal parasite, and there was a significant relationship between parasitic disease and female gender (P<0.05). Also, the highest infection rate was observed in shelter dogs (61%).

The frequency of gastrointestinal helminths among dogs in Gorgan is high, particularly among female dogs.

 Canine distemper (CD) is a highly transmissible serious disease of carnivores. Distemper virus has immunosuppression effects, which, in turn, could lead to opportunistic infections. The present study was performed to detect CDV by the genomic and immunological methods and investigate its co- infection with canine parainfluenza virus type 2 (CPiV-2).

In this study, which was conducted from Spring 2018 to Winter 2019, samples of blood, eye, respiratory, and digestive system were collected from 50 dogs suspected to CDV (group 1: symptomatic dogs) as well as 50 seemingly healthy dogs (group 2: asymptomatic dogs). Rapid distemper immunochromatography kit was applied for the primary detection of CDV. RT_PCR test was also performed using special primers for molecular investigation.

Results of immunochromatography showed twenty nine and one positive cases among dogs suspected to CDV and seemingly healthy dogs, respectively. After RT_PCR assay, in the first group, 37 samples were reported as CDV positive and 11, CpiV-2 positive. Furthermore, three CDV- and one CpiV-2-positive cases were found in the second group. Besides, the frequency of CDV and CpiV-2 co-infection was 4%.

In the present study, using statistical tests, we observed no association between distemper and CpiV-2.

Acute lung injury is characterized by accumulation of neutrophils in the lung, interstitial edema, and damage to the alveolar epithelium. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) causes an inflammatory response and the release of reactive oxygen species and cellular and tissue damage to the lungs. Considering the role of oxidative stress in infections and proving the antioxidant properties of montelukast in several studies, the effect of montelukast on acute lung injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (as a model of infection) in dogs was investigated in this study.

In this experimental study, 20 healthy dogs (both male and female dogs of native breed with an average weight of 20 kg) were divided into four equal groups. The first group received oral montelukast (1 mg/kg), the second group received intravenous LPS (0.1 µg/kg), the third group received montelukast one hour before LPS and the fourth group received montelukast one hour after LPS. Bronchoalveolar lavage and blood sampling were performed at hour zero and 1.5 hours after the start of the test and the amount of malondialdehyde, catalase activity, glutathione peroxidase and total antioxidant capacity in serum and lavage fluid were measured using a kit.

LPS significantly increased malondialdehyde levels (from 10.5 to 139.8 μmol) and decreased catalase activity (from 0.018 to 0.007 μmol) (p= 0.0001), glutathione peroxidase (from 259 to 76.5 nmol) and the total antioxidant capacity (from 0.41 to 0.04 nmol) compared to hour zero. These changes were significantly adjusted by montelukast (p≤ 0.02).

The results of this study showed that montelukast can enhance antioxidant defense against acute lung injury induced by LPS.

Dog is one of the loyal animals that was used in the past in some jobs. Today, not only its services are vaster and more important, but also intentionally or unintentionally, it exist in some houses. In the present era, dog and its keeping and its adaptation to today's life is one of the challenges in jurisprudence and medical science and dynamic jurisprudence should be able to combine the new life and productivity of this animal with the old jurisprudence, according to the definite principles of Sharia, and provide a solution for interaction with this animal.

The descriptive and analytical present study intends to discuss the subject of dog and its keeping in jurisprudence of the five religions in adaption with medical science data about this animal in order to provide a ruling commensurate with its rights and services with help of religious texts and jurists’ analysis and medical science.

The majority of the Jurists according to texts such as frequent washing the dishes which are in contact with dog’s mouth in a special way and the transmission of some diseases to human, believe in its impurity, and others according to the principle of cleanliness of objects, vaccinations and various medical tests say that it is clean and permitted. It seems that although the keeping of this animal is not encouraged in the Shari'a, ignoring their rights and services is not desirable. Therefore, according to the devotional view of washing the dog's mouth and the literary meaning of the word "beit" in the texts indicating the prohibition of angels entering the room, not the house, as well as medical science data in controlling this animal, we should combine texts prohibiting its keeping with the use of its services and change the limited view of impurity to a wider view and the rule that the dog is not impure and benefit from its services..

Toxocariasis is human infection caused by larval stage of Toxocara helminthes. The adult Toxocara helminthes live in intestine of dog and cat, but if the human accidentally ingests the egg, the larva is released into the intestine and then penetrating to mucosal capillaries and by blood stream migrates to various organs. Considering to the larva of parasite cannot be adult in human body and finally is destroyed, but its placement in the organs leads to irritation and inflammation of the tissue and appearance of signs and symptoms. The parasite affects liver, lung and central nervous system more than other organs. The most obvious symptoms of this disease are irregular fever, liver enlargement and sever eosinophilia. Other symptoms depend on the final location of the parasite, for example, respiratory symptoms (similar to asthma) will occur at the time of parasite settling in the lung and nervous disorder when the parasite is deployed in the nervous system (1). Sever clinical symptoms due to the disease is more common in 2 to 7 years old children, because of contacting with polluted playground soil or stray dog and cat, that the chance of them getting disease is increased (2). In developing countries including Iran, the diagnosis of the disease is done by collecting signs and symptoms, evaluating risk factor and laboratory results. Laboratory results which is considered on this disease containing eosinophilia, hypergammaglobulinemia and increasing of isohemagglutinin A and B. The serological test by ELISA technique was used for diagnosis of anti-parasite antibody in European countries and USA, the sensitivity and specificity of this test was 78 and 98%, respectively. There is no definitive guideline to the treatment of the disease but the most common treatment plan is 400 mg albendazole and 100 to 200 mg mebendazole, twice a day for 5 days (1).
In recent years the number of dogs and cats in the human environment has been increased in our country and consequently the rate of soil contamination to eggs of Toxocara has been increased. The consequence of this phenomenon is an increasing chance of human contact the egg of this parasite and onset of toxocariasis. The studies in Iran is reported the rate of soil contamination to this parasite is minimum 3.9% (Urmia) to maximum 63.3% (Khoramabad), while the rate of contamination in soil of Arak parks is 26.6% (3-5). In addition, the results of serological study showed that the prevalence of toxocariasis in 5 to 15 years old asthmatic patients was 1.8%, in Arak (6). But the results of a review study showed that the prevalence of toxocariasis in general population of Iran was 15.8% and this rate is increasing (7).
Changes in Ecosystem and abundance of garbage in Iranian cities have led to overabundance of dogs and cats in human environment. On the other hand, accepting some of cultural western lifestyle such as keeping pets, apart from their social and legal responsibility has been caused increasing risk of infectious disease transmitted by animals such as toxocariasis.
Due to the relatively high prevalence of Toxocara infection among dogs and cats in Iran, the need to pay attention to the disease caused by this parasite is felt as a potential medical and health hazard in the country. In this condition, holding workshops for remembering of symptoms, diagnosis method, treatment and prevention of the disease for clinician associate with infected patients, would has an important role for quick diagnosis and remedy of the patients and would reduce the corporal and psychological load of them. Also, performing the research studies would help to know current epidemiological situation and changes that have taken place in various parts of Iran. In the other side, encouraging scholars for isolation, purification and examine excretory-secretory antigens of this parasite that used for producing the serological diagnostic kits could increase accuracy and reduce cost of diagnosis test of disease and finally improve the level of health in community.

Identification of possible animal sources of infection is applied for preventing the outbreak and progressive epidemics of infection. The aim of present study is isolation of pathogenic and opportunistic fungi from the skin of ownership dogs with emphasize on transmission risk of fungal zoonoses in rural areas of Meshkin Shahr, Ardebil province of Iran.

This cross-sectional and descriptive study was performed in laboratory of Medical Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences from April 2011 to November 2012. Hundred and thirty dogs were studied. Collected scales and hair samples were examined by direct smear and SC, SCC and DTM culture with the aim of full coverage of whole fungal growth such as saprophytic and pathogenic fungi for 1-3 weeks.

From 130 examined samples, Alternaria 41 (31.5%) as the most frequent, Chaetomium 1 (0.9%) and Nattrassia 1 (0.9%) as the least frequent saprophytic agents, were isolated from the samples.

The dogs in these areas are not the source of infection for dermatophytosis and had no role in the epidemiology of the disease.