جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « شاخص پلاک » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Oral hygiene education based on bad breath (i.e., halitosis) can be more effective than other educational methods because bad breath is considered a motivational tool for the improvement of oral health-associated behaviors. The purpose of this study was to compare hygiene education to different educational topics and effectiveness of these methods.

A total of 136 school children within the age range of 9-10 years in Yazd, Iran, were randomly divided into three groups, namely 1) education based on bad breath, 2) traditional education based on caries and gum disease, and 3) control group receiving only oral and dental hygiene education. The plaque index, modified gingival index, and bad breath were measured before giving hygiene instruction and 1 and 6 months later. Paired and independent t-tests, McNemar’s test, and Wilcoxon test were used to analyze the data.

The findings of the present study showed that there was no significant improvement in the plaque index in the control groups of both genders in both follow-ups. In the 1-month follow-up, the modified gingiva index in group 1 was significantly less than those reported for the other two groups (P=0.029). There was a significant decrease in the prevalence and severity of bad breath in group 1, compared to those reported at the initiation of the study (female participants: P=0.003; male participants: P=0.000).

Oral hygiene education based on bad breath was more effective, long-lasting, and faster than the other two educational methods.

Enoxolon is a natural licorice and its formula is similar to cortisone. The aim of this double blind randomized match control clinical trial, was to analyze the effect of Arthrodont toothpaste containing 1% Enoxolone on dental plaque, gingival inflammation, and bleeding indices.

40 patients who had gingivitis were selected. They were instructed to brush their teeth twice daily for three minutes then massage the gums with pastes for one minute and then wash their mouths. The patients were divided into two groups: The Arthrodont toothpaste containing Enoxolon, was given to the study group and the Crest toothpaste free of Enoxolon, was given to the control group. At the beginning of the study and after 21 days, plaque, gingival, and bleeding indices were measured. The statistical analyses were done by Paird T test, T test and nonparametrical analysis of Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney.

In both groups, the three indices decreased significantly. Comparing between the two groups, the gingival and bleeding indices had significantly decreased in the study group (Arthrodont toothpaste) compared to the control group (Crest toothpaste). However, no significance difference in the plaque index between the two groups was found (P=0.143).

The results of this clinical study showed that Enoxolon had anti-inflammatory effect on gingivitis.

Oral health education is helpful in basic health services and screening. Therefore, it is important to select the most effective educational strategy for transferring knowledge and health skills. Regarding the potential of teach Back method to change the behavior, the current study was conducted aimed to investigate the effect of this educational method on oral health indicators, self-efficacy and self-care behaviors.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted on female high school students in 2019.  70 students were randomly selected and then randomly allocated into two groups of intervention and control. In the intervention group, educational program was presented in 4 sessions of individual education based on feedback method... Data were collected in two phases using demographic information form, self-care behaviors questionnaire, self-efficacy scale for oral health behavior, PBI index for assessment of Papillary Bleeding Index and Quigely Hein index for dental plaque. Data were analyzed through using descriptive and analytic statistic such as Independent–t test and paired t-test in SPSS 22.

There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of demographic variables Comparison the mean score of dental plaque and Papillary Bleeding showed the significant difference between the two groups (P<0.001) Paired t-test showed that in the intervention group, dental indicators was significantly improved and in control group score of Papillary Bleeding (P=0.002) and dental plaque (P<0.001) was significantly increased. Mean scores of total self-care behaviors (P<0.001) and self-efficacy (P=0.00) was significantly increased after the intervention in intervention group

Teach Back method was effective in improving students' oral health, self-care, and self-efficacy indices. Teach Back method improve students' self-care and promote self-efficacy and oral health indicators. It is recommended to apply this model as a community-based approach to improve the self-care behaviors and oral health indicators.

Dental plaque control has always been an important issue and a variety of methods and materials are provided for this purpose. One of these materials is propolis which has anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of propolis-containing toothpaste on dental plaques of dentistry students of Dental School of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.

This cross-sectional double-blind clinical trial was conducted on 30 dentistry students. First, the gums of all students were examined. Then, dental plaque and gingival indices for each participant were prepared at baseline, followed by removing dental calculus and plaque. Students were divided into two groups, the first group was given a propolis-containing toothpaste and the second group was given a non-propolis toothpaste. After two weeks of using these toothpaste types, dental plaque and gingival indices of all subjects were measured. After one week of washout, dental plaque and gingival indices were measured once again. This time, the first group was given a non-propolis toothpaste and the second group was given a propolis-containing toothpaste. After two weeks of usage, dental plaque and gingival indices were measured. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 22) and independent and paired t-test.

Although the plaque index decreased in both toothpaste types, a higher decrease was observed in propolis-containing toothpaste (P=0.002). In addition, the gingival index decreased in both groups; however, this decrease in gingival index in the group using propolis-containing toothpaste was significant (P<0.001).

Results of the present study indicated thatpropolis was effective in reducing dental plaque and gingival indices.

Dental bleaching is known as an esthetic treatment for discolored teeth. However, it may damage periodontal tissues. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of dental bleaching between carbamide peroxide 15% and 20% on periodontal health.

This clinical trial was conducted on 45 healthy volunteers aged 20-40 years that required dental bleaching. The subjects were assigned into three groups (n=15) according to treatment agents: carbamide peroxide 15% (CP15), carbamide peroxide 20% (CP20), and placebo (P). After eight hours administration of the agents for six nights, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were evaluated at four time points (basal and 7th, 9th, and 21th dyas following bleaching). Data were analyzed by SPSS 18 using ANOVA, paired t-test, chi-square and Friedman tests (P<0.05).

There were no significant differences in PI, GI or BOP among three groups at any time points (P>0.05). PI, GI or BOP presented slight and generally not significant variation during study period.

According to the findings, bleaching with carbamide peroxide 15% and 20% has no adverse effects on periodontal health. Keywords: dental bleaching, carbamide peroxide, plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing

Dental plaque is the main factor of tooth caries and periodontal diseases, especially in childhood which is preventable by oral health education. We studied on efficacy of some interventional methods.
Ten kindergartens With 126 three till five year-old kids randomly were participated in a randomized clinical trial in Amol, a city in the North of Iran. Effective factors in attending in study were no systematic diseases, not using medicines, no heavy crowding or no wearing appliances. Plaque was measured by Silness and Leo index. Groups are: 1.Tooth brushing instructions to children themselves, 2. tooth brushing instructions to children with a gift, 3. tooth brushing instructions to mothers and brushing under supervision of parents, 4.health instruction to mothers and brushing by parents, 5.health instruction to trainers and brushing by children. Dental visit was done 0, 1 week, 1 month and 3 months later in the morning, before having breakfast.
Groups 5, 4, 2, and 3 had more reduction in plaque index respectively.
This study showed that kindergarten trainers have more ability to teach children with various teaching techniques.

Oral malodor can be used as a motivational tool to improve oral health-related behaviors. The present study aimed to compare oral health training on the dental plaque index.
In the current study, 161 ( 76 females, 85 male) grade-one high school students from public schools of Yazd were divided into three groups : 1 – Oral health training oral malodor training ( halitosis group), 2– oral health training training of dental caries and periodontal diseases ( traditional groups), 3- oral health training (control group ). Two weeks and two months after the intervention, plaque index was measured. Positive and negative changes were recorded over time, and then, the study data were analyzed using Chi-square (bonferroni adjustment), McNemar, Kruskal-Wallis and Paired t-Test.
The study results revealed no significant differences between the halitosis group and the traditional group, though both had a significant difference with the control group. Positive changes in halitosis group especially within girls were held to be more durable compared to the other groups.
Oral health training accompanging training of oral malodor, tooth decay and periodontal disease seems to be more effective on health promotion of senior high school students in Yazd. Furthermore, oral malodor training produces more durable effects. As a result, this training style is recommended in regard with eductional programs of schools.

The external margins of restorations involve appropriate places for plaque accumulation which assist in the creation or exacerbation of periodontal disorders. Since there are different materials and techniques for restorations, the present study aimed to determine the effect of restorative materials in correct class II restorations on the gingival health in patients referring to Shahid Sadoughi Dental School of Yazd in 2013.

In this study, 60 patients were selected via convenient sampling and classified into two groups of class II restored with amalgam and composite. Four surfaces of each tooth were examined and gingival status indices, plaque, bleeding on probing and the depth of probing were applied to check the periodontal status. In order to compare the two groups statically, SPSS software (ver.16) was utilized via applying non-parametric Man-Whitney test due to the ordinal nature of the variables.

The study results demonstrated that the mean score of MGI, PI, BI and PDI indices were more in the composite restored teeth. The difference was statically significant in the level of 0.05 (P.value= 0.001). Although the mean score of PDI index was a little more in the group of composite restored teeth, there was no statically significant difference between the two groups (P.value=0.470).

The findings revealed that even correctly restored teeth have a role in causing periodontal diseases, though in this case the negative impact of composite material seems to be more than amalgam.

Backgroundand PeriodontopathicbacteriasuchAggregatibacteractinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonasgingivalis (Pg), Prevotellaintermedia (Pi) are considered to play a prime etiologic role in the initiation and development of the periodontitis, and the detection of periodontal pathogens before puberty may be helpful in identifying the children who need more effective oral health programs in order to minimize the risk of periodontal disease after puberty. The aim of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of periodontopathic microorganisms and periodontal status in children under 13ages. Materialsand This cross sectional study was performed onSixty systemically healthy children. All the subjects were enrolled with parent consent. Clinical examinations consisted of Plaque index (PI), Gingival index (GI) and Bone Level. Prior to any clinical measurements plaque samples were collected from sub and supra the gingival sites of the first permanent molars or the second primary molars in the absence of them, using a sterile curette. After that a sterile swab was used to obtain the samples from the buccal mucosa and the dorsum of the tongue. The samples were cultured, afterpooling, for the presence of the bacteria, using API،ZYM system. prevalance of periodontal idisease and related bacteria was evaluated and their correlation wastested by chi،square. Out of 60 studies children, 40% contaminated with periodontopathogenBacteria, 38/3% of subjects were positive for the presence of Aa, 30% of case had mild to moderate gingival inflammation there is a significant relation between increasing age over 6 years and the prevalence of this bacteria. According to the results of this study, there is a high prevalence of Aa colonization in children under 13 in studied population, and this is significantly associated with the ages of the subjects.

Systemic disease is often closely linked to the state of the oral cavity. One of thesesystemic diseases is diabetes mellitus. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of scaling androot planning and mouth rinse on blood sugar level in type 2 diabetic patients.Methods and Materials: 30 uncontrolled type 2 diabetic patients suffering from sever chronicperiodontitis were selected and divided into two groups; each group consisted of 15 patients: Firstgroup (control): received oral hygiene instruction. Second group (case): received scaling and rootplanning plus oral hygiene instruction and chlorhexidine degluconate mouthrinse. In all groups,probing depth (in 6 sites of each tooth), bleeding index (in 4 sites of each tooth), fasting blood sugarand glycated hemoglobin were measured at first and three months after treatment. Then the before andafter treatment results were compared. Mean fasting blood sugar in second group, reduced from 184.2 to 163.87 mg/dl. Glycatedhemoglobin in this group reduced from 8.78% to 7.29% (p<0.05). Bleeding index, plaque index andprobing depth reduction were statistically significant before and after treatment (p<0.05). Phase one periodontal therapy improves periodontal conditions and reduces fastingblood sugar and glycated hemoglobin.

The main etiologic factor for periodontal disease is bacterial plaque elimination of the plaque by plaque control procedures, is one of the main treatment modalities of periodontal disease. In this respect, the most important problem in plaque control is oral hygiene instruction. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of oral hygiene instructions in periodontics department of Tabriz dental faculty on reduction of plaque index from 1999-2001 in admitted patients. Methods & Materials: The charts of 161 patients were studied randomly and the information about variables such as age, occupation, sex of educator and level of educator’s knowledge were registered. Then the information were statistically analyzed, using SPSS program.

In accordance with other studies, oral hygiene instruction caused significant reduction in plaque index. In addition, reduction of plaque index was greater in females than in males but there was not a significant relationship between reduction of plaque index and age, occupation and level of educator’s knowledge. There was a significant relationship between plaque reduction and sex of educator and patient. The reduction of plaque index in females when the student was male was 45% and 38% when the educator was female. The reduction of plaque index in male patients when the educator was male, was 40% and 34% when the educator was female.

It seems that instructions taught for dental students in motivating the patients to maintain therapy and perform oral hygiene were inefficient and a change in oral hygiene instructions is recommended.

Gingivitis is the most common form of periodontal diseases. Toothbrushing is one of the most important ways to control this disease. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of two Iranian toothpastes with an FDA – approved toothpaste (Crest Regular) to reduce gingivitis and plaque. Methods & Materials: Study was designed as a randomized controlled double-blind clinical trial. Three toothpastes (Pooneh and Nassim (Goltash Co.) and Crest Regular) were prepared as the uniform tubes and divided between 3 groups. Each group contained 20 dental students with mild gingivitis which used an Oral B 35 toothbrush. Gingival index (GI) plaque index (PI) bleeding index (BI) and pocket depth (PD) were evaluated before study, and 3, and 30 days after study. Data were analyzed with SPSS software. Bleeding index and plaque index was decreased in all groups during the study period (P < 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference among groups at any time. Also, gingival index showed significant decrease in any time in all groups compared to the first evaluation, but at the day 30, GI was higher in Nassim group than Pooneh group (P<0.005). Pocket depth showed significant decrease during the study period in all groups (P<0.001). All toothpastes had a good effect on plaque control and gingivitis.

Toothbrushing is the most common method for removing dental plaque. The design of toothbrush influences the amount of plaque removal. The purpose of this study was to compare the two manual toothbrushes (Oral-B and chic) in their efficacy in removing plaque. This experimental study was done cross over and single blind. Forty children 8 to 10 years old were selected and told to stop all oral hygiene procedures for 24 hours. In the first visit dental plaque was evaluated by means of Shick-Ash index before and after brushing with one of the test brushes. The brushing was done 20 times in every quadrant by one of the authors by scrub method. Children were instructed to use their routine method of oral hygiene and return to the clinic one-week later. The same plaque removal procedure and plaque index assessment was applied for the other toothbrush in the second appointment. Data were analysed using Paired -T-test. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in reducing PI for the two toothbrushes (chic, P=0/0005 and oral-B, P=0/0006). The results indicated no significant differences in reducing PI between the two toothbrushes (P=0/075). Both toothbrushes (Oral-B and chic) were equally effective in reducing PI. It seems that correct brushing as equally important as kind of toothbrushes.