جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « شیوع بیماری » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The world has recently faced COVID-19 pandemic. Phobia or panic has been considered as one of the most common mental disorders during various infectious pandemics. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the psychometric properties of the Covid-19 phobic scale in an Iranian population.

The present study was a descriptive cross-sectional correlational research which was performed on 402 Iranian participants in Tehran (191 females, 211 males). The participants were selected through convenience sampling method by an online survey form. They completed a battery of scales, including the Corona Anxiety Scale (CDAS), the Corona Phobia Scale (C19P-S) and the Corona Virus Anxiety Scale by online Google Form. The data were analyzed using SPSS-25 and LISREL software with descriptive statistics, Cronbachchr('39')s alpha, Pearson correlation coefficient, and confirmatory factor analysis to describe the data, internal consistency, validity, and construct validity, respectively.

The results showed that Cronbachchr('39')s alpha methodchr('39')s internal consistency for the Corona phobia scale was 0.91. Cronbachchr('39')s alpha was reported for psychological, psychosomatic, economic, and social subscales repeated 0.85, 0.83, 0.79 and 0.8, respectively. In order to evaluate the validity, the correlation between the C19P-S questionnaire and its subscales with CDAS and Corona Virus Anxiety Scale was evaluated. The results showed that all correlations were positive and significant (P-value <0.05). The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) results showed that the four-factor model has a good fit.

COVID-19 Phobia Scale can be used to assess levels of panic in therapeutic settings and identify candidates in need of clinical intervention.

Diabetes is the most prevalent medical complication in pregnancy and regarding that the disease is asymptomatic but associated with many complications controlling blood sugar and identifying of gestational diabetes and great care can prevent from harmful complications to affect on the mother and the fetus. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of both gestational and overt diabetes in women who had referred to the health centers of Birjand. This descriptive- analytical study was conducted on the file of 980 cases that had referred to the health centers of Birjand during their parturition period. Sampling was a randomized and classifi8ed one. The necessary information was collected by means of a self-made questionnaire Then the data was analysed by using SPSS software and independent Fisher test and Chi-square and a=0.05 was taken as the significant level. Fifty out of the 980 cases studied (almost 5.1%) suffered from gestational diabetes mellitus and 11 cases of all (almost 1.1%) had overt diabetes. Mean age of the pregnant women and their mean gestation time(s) was 27.6±5.2 and 1.1±1.7, respectively. There was also a significant relationships between BMI index, mean gestational age, having a history of gestational diabetes and familial history of diabetes with gestational diabetes (P<0.001). Regarding the great importance of gestational diabetes and its complications on the fetus, diabetes preventive practices demand special attention to pregnant women. In order to facilitate and increase accuracy in determining gestational diabetes, it is recommended to use the same criteria and to provide a good general education using mass media and educational pamphlets to raise public awareness about the effects of diet and activity on this disease.

The prevalence of low birth weight is one of the important sanitary indices in evaluating the prenatal care all over the world. So, recognition of risky factor related to low birth weight can help prevent the occurrence of being low birth weight. To determine the pravalence of low birth weight in Guilan and comparison of many biological characteristics of mothers of low birth weight babies with those of the mothers with normal weight babies. In this descriptive- analytical study, first, all newborn babies in 20 hospitals and maternity centers between Day (Jan.2008) and Azar (Nov.2009) were selected. Then, 168 low birth weight babies and 157 normal weight babies were randomly selected along with their mothers who filled the biological characteristics questionnaire with 0/85 validity. Variables in this research includes the condition of mother’s nourishment, smoking, suitable mobility and rest, high blood pressure, exposure to X-ray, and bleeding during pregnancy. Since the variables were classical, (nominal scale), the data were analyzed by qui statistical method and Phi coefficient in meaningful level (p≤0.01) with SPSS Software. The prevalence of low birth weight in Guilan was found to be 6/96 percent. Also, according to the obtained frequencies, there was a significant difference between the mothers of the two groups in terms of nourishment conditions (P=0.000), being exposed to radiation (p=0.002), vaginal bleeding (p=0.001), being exposed to smoke (p= 0.01), and ideal mobility and rest (p=0.000), during pregnancy. But there was no significant difference between them in terms of hypertension record (p= 0.89). As the results indicated, the prevalence of low birth weight in Guilan province was low and close to prevalence in Europe. Moreover, the recognition of some risky factors pertaining to the prevalence of low birth weight in Guilan province can help take preventive measures to reduce its rate.

The end stage renal disease (ESRD) and dialysis due to it affect seriously on physical and mental health of patients. Hemodialysis is a stressful process and life events have been known effective in creating depression in dialysis patients. Thus considering long time treatment and changes in lifestyle of patients, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of depression and life events in hemodialysis patients in Birjand (2010). This was a descriptive – analytical and sectional study which was done on hemodialysis patients in Vali-Asr hospital in Birjand and had inclusion criteria. Data were collected by questionnaire included three parts: demographic characteristics, Beck depression test and Holmes- Rahe life-event test. Data were analyzed statistically using SPSS software with Chi-square tests, Fisher exact test and Pearson correlation with (α=0.05). Out of 60 patients included: 60% were male, 88.3% were married, 85% were city inhabitants and 85% had private houses. 60% had average financial situation, 58.3% were unemployed and 53.3% were dialyzed three times a week. The mean age of patients was 54.35±17.46 years. 43.3% of patients weren’t depressed and 56.7% had depression. Life events score in 45% of patients was more than 200. There was a positive relationship between life events and depression scores but not statistically significant. There was only a statistically significant difference in relationship between genders (P=0.003) regarding individual variables, life events and depression. Considering t he prevalence of depression and possible physical and mental illnesses in 50 to 80 percents in terms of Holmes-Rahe more than 200, it seems essential to prevent and mentally support these patients

Teaching in schools is known as a work hazard causing voice disorders and is also associated with job satisfaction and performance. The object of this study is to investigate the knowledge and prophylaxis behaviors and the rate of disphonia in elementary school teachers of Yazd. This descriptive- analytic study was conducted on 280 teachers (140 men, 140 women) that were chosen from 2 education areas of Yazd city, Iran by simple sampling method. The data were collected by a questionnaire which its validity and reliability were established. The data were analyzed by using SPSS software and some tests, like Analyze Variance, t- test (P˂0.01). The prevalence of this disease was 55.4%among the teachers and the most common form was stiffness of larynx. The knowledge of teachers was in average. There was a significant correlation between education levels of samples and their knowledge. The knowledge of teachers with bachelor degree or higher than it, was more than others (P<0.02). It was seen a significant correlation was observed between teaching hours and sex (P<0.04) and the knowledge of women in preventive measures was more than men. The results showed that there was a statistically significant correlation between the knowledge and preventive behaviors of participants (P<0.01) and those with higher scores of knowledge showed better preventive behaviors than others. High prevalence of this problem in teachers of elementary schools of Yazd city Iran shows that preventive behaviors in regard to disphonia is too poor. It is recommended to increase the awareness and performance of teachers through teaching sessions by experts to prevent and control the disorder.

The prevalence of obesity and overweight in children and adolescence has increased in communities in recent decades. Childhood obesity is likely associated with adulthood obesity and increases related diseases. By determining the prevalence, screening and appropriate intervention and consequently reduction of short and long term complications is expectable. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity in 11 to 15 years old mid-school students in Birjand. This descriptive-analytic and cross sectional study was performed in 2005 in Birjand. We examined 2105 students (1067 boys and 1038 girls), 11-15 years old. Subjects were selected via a step wise random sampling from four districts of Birjand. Heights and weights and BMI were measured by two trained medical students via standard methods. Persons with BMI of 85 to 95 percentile were assumed as overweight and those with more than 95 as obese according to CDC standards. Other demographic information was gained through interviews and questionnaires. Then, information was encoded and data were analyzed by SPSS (11.5) at α<0.05 The overall prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 5.2 % (6.5% girls, 3.9% boys) and 2.1% (1.5% girls, 2.8% boys), respectively. Overweight and obesity were significantly related to parents’ education levels, mother’s job numbers of children. They were most prevalent in students with parents of higher education levels, employed mothers, and fewer numbers of children in the family. Lifestyle plays an important role in obesity. According to this study, Obesity prevalence is more in families of fewer children, higher educated parents and employed mothers. It is recommended to make cautious high socioeconomic families and in the proceeding studies investigate obesity associated factors more precisely.

prevalence of eating disorder is very important in women with sport activity and threats their mental health. To determine the eating disorder signs and the role of these disorders in psychological signs in women athletes. 181 women with sport activity in aerobic and physical readiness selected by clustered sampling and they filled Ahvaz eating disorder scale and psychological signs questionnaire. Data was analyzed by descriptive statistics، Pearson correlation and multivariate regression. 16. 5% percent of athletes have eating disorder signs، 14. 3% anorexia nervosa، and 3. 3% bulimia nervosa. Eating disorder signs (r=0. 439)، anorexia nervosa signs (r=0. 466) and bulimia nervosa signs (r=0. 28) were meaningfully related to psychological signs and anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa signs explained 0. 229 the variance in psychological signs. These results correspond with findings from other studies، and support the importance of eating disorders signs and its role in psychological signs.

Cancer is the second cause of mortality after cardiovascular disease in human communities. Frequency of cancers follows ethnic, geographical, and environmental conditions in each area so registration and collection of cancers in each area for centralizing of diagnostic and therapeutic programs should be done.

In this Survey, we determined frequency of cancerour organs in Guilan from 1999 till 2000.

This research is a descriptive case-series study that was carried out performed as census in hematology and pathology centers of Guilan. All malignancy cases was diagnosed from 11/1999- 11/2000 were gathered . The prevalence rate per 100,000 population determined with regard to census of Guilan population in 1996. Data were analyzed by EPI info 2000 program.

Among 1409 malignant cases, 750 cases (53.8%) were males and 644 cases (46.2%) were females. Sex ratio (M/F) was 1:16. The mean age of patients was 57.1+ 17.2. There was the most frequency of cancers in 60-69 age group (36%). The prevalence rate of cancer was 62.8 per 100,000 people. In this research, stomach cancer was identified as the most common cancer in both sexes (17.8%) and after it follows breast (11%), urinary bladder (9.3%), colorectal (8%), esophagus (7.3%), blood (4.3%), prostate (3.3%), uterus (3%), lymph node (3%) and abdominal cavity (2.1%) respectively.

Frequency of cancers in Guilan Province has had a considerable increase in comparison with previous studies. Of course, it may be due to difference in research method and data collection. In recent years, Guilan has been in the first place for stomach cancer in Iran. Perhaps it is because of exposure to nutritional risk factors. It is possible that nutritional factors like salted fish, pickle vegetable, smoked herring, cooked potato and cereals which are important parts of Guilanian’s diet play a major role in developing gastric cancer.

Toxoplasmosis is a zoonosis affecting both human beings and some animal species, and it is caused by coccidia, toxoplasma gondii. Human infection by toxoplasma has worldwide spread and its prevalence varies from zero to ninety percent from a region to the other depending on the geographical situation, people behavioral and nutritional habits.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of toxoplasma infection in patients admitted to outpatient department in Markaze Tebbi Koudakan, Tehran.

This was a descriptive, analytical and cross- sectional case study, carried out on 446 blood samples which were collected from individuals admitted to outpatient department in Markaze Tebbi Koudakan (Children Medical Center in Tehran). For each individual a questionnaire was filled in, then two finger prick samples were taken and serologically tested by indirect fluorescent antibody technique using 1:20, 1:100 and 1:200 serum dilutions. Any positive serum in 1:200 dilutions was rechecked for final dilution. Serum dilution of 1:20 and more was considered as a cut - point for the infection.

A total of 25 persons (5.6 percent) showed positive titers from 1:20 to 1:800 and 421 persons (94.4 percent) showed no antibody titer and were sero – negative. Although the prevalence rate of infection in males was more than females (6 and 5.1 percent respectively), there was no statistical significance between them. The seropositive rate in children below two years was zero and it seems there is a trend toward increasing seropositivity by aging. The highest prevalence rate (10. 8 percent) was observed in 10-13 year age group. No statistical significance was found between the seropositivity rate and contact with cats,consumption of improperly cooked meat and raw vegetables. We believe that the quality of washing and disinfecting vegetables are efficient and important factors, the findings proved that in 17 positive cases (77.3%) the vegetables were washed by pure water and only 5 cases (22.7%) consumed disinfected vegetables.

Although no statistical significance was found between the seropositivity rate and clinical signs (strabism, microcephally, … ), but by using Chi- Square and Fischer tests, there was statistically significant between lymphoadenopathy and toxoplasmosis. Considering the calculation of odds ratio with a confidence interval of 90% it was found that the possibility of being infected by Toxoplasma gondii in people who are involved with lymphoadenopathy was six times more than those who were not.