جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « قم » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

According to the report of the World Health Organization (WHO), almost one-third of the world’s population is infected with tuberculosis (TB). The delay in TB diagnosis, in addition to increasing mortality, can increase the duration of disease transmission. This study aims to identify the factors affecting the early detection of smear-positive pulmonary TB in Patients in Qom Province, Iran.

In this case-control study, 120 patients with smear-positive pulmonary TB (60 with a diagnosis delayed for more than three months and 60 with a timely diagnosis) diagnosed from 2018 to 2021 in Qom Province participated. To determine the factors effective in early diagnosis of pulmonary TB, the odds ratio of each factor was calculated, and logistic regression analysis was used for data analysis.

The prescription of the sputum test at the first visit had the most significant effect on the early diagnosis of pulmonary TB (odds ratio=161, P<0.001). The TB in patients who visited the clinics and those visited by general practitioners was diagnosed with a higher delay. The lack of knowledge of existing TB diagnosis and treatment services in health centers had increased the diagnosis delay by 2.3. Occupation, gender, and place of residence were not found to be effective factors.

It seems that most doctors in Iran neglect to prescribe a sputum test for patients suspected of pulmonary TB and only prescribe chest x-rays. Training and informing doctors, private medical centers, and pharmacies in referring patients suspected of pulmonary TB to the health centers where the patients live can cause timely diagnosis of pulmonary TB.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a common disease between humans and animals that is transmitted by mosquitoes. Leishmanias cause complex diseases. This disease is reported as endemic in different regions of Iran. The aim of this study is to determine the epidemiological aspects in patients with leishmaniasis referred to Qom health center from 2015 to 2021.

In this descriptive study, all the people with leishmaniasis who were followed up and treated with a clinical or laboratory diagnosis of Leishmanias disease were under the investigation from April 1395 to the end of March 1400.

According to the obtained results obtained from the total patients with leishmaniasis in Qom province, who were 539 Men (75 percent), and 180 women (25 percent) and most of the patients were between the ages of 20 to 30. 87/3 Percent of the patients had a history of traveling to endemic areas of the leishmaniasis in the past year. The prevalence rate of this disease was higher in the autumn season than in other seasons.32/2 Percent’s of the patient’s people had 3 or more wounds and in 49/3   Percent’s of cases, the wound was in their hands.

Considering the prevalence of leishmaniasis in the studied area in different years, it is necessary to take effective health measures in the field of control and prevention of leishmaniasis.

The experience of separation and death of parents can lead to many psychological and behavioral problems. The aim of this study was to determine and compare social acceptability, conduct disorders and difficulty in emotion regulation in children of divorce, children with parental death, and normal children.

In this descriptive study, 180 6th-grade and middle school students in Qom in 2020 were selected by purposive and available sampling method, which includes 60 students with parental death, 60 students with divorced parents, and 60 normal students. Ford and Rubin Social Acceptability Questionnaire, Spirafkin and Gado Conduct Disorder Questionnaire, and Penza-Cliyve and Zeman Emotion Regulation Difficulty Questionnaire were used to collect data. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).

The findings showed that there is a significant difference among the children with divorced parents, children with parental death experience, and normal children in conduct disorders (F=50.807, p<0.001), difficulty in emotion regulation (F=11.344, p<0.001), and social acceptability (F=4.420, p=0.013). Thus, social acceptanbility, conduct disorders and difficulty in emotion regulation were higher in the students with divorced parents than students with parental deaths and normal students.

According to the results of the study, the rate of conduct disorders and difficulty in emotion regulation in the children of divorce is higher than the children with parental deaths and normal children. Therefore, it is recommended to use psychological training and therapies to reduce psychological problems including symptoms of conduct disorders and improve emotion regulation and increase social acceptability in the students experiencing parental divorce and parental death.

With the increase in recent droughts and shortage of drinking water resources led to planning to desalinate water and set up mobile stations. The purpose of this study is to determine the microbial and physicochemical quality of water discharged from desalination plants and tankers in Qom.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted for one year with monthly sampling of water from domestic water purifiers and mobile tankers. Samples were analyzed for microbial contamination and physicochemical quality (pH, TDS, turbidity and chlorination) according to standard methods. The data were analyzed using SPSS and Excel software and compared with the standards.

Positive values of fecal coliform contamination was 13.34% in tankers and 4.35% in domestic water purifiers. The pH, TDS, turbidity was in accordance with the national and WHO standards. T-TEST statistical analysis showed, microbial quality of water had a significant relation with variables of dewatering containers (P<0.021), tank washing (P<0.001), outlet valve contamination (P<0.011), contact with dust (P<0.014), the personal health of the distributor (P<0.026), temperature (P<0.033), water retention time (P<0.019) and environmental sanitation (P<0.003). ). . But there was no significant difference in the distribution of water between tankers and desalination plants (P < 0.068).

By preventing secondary pollution, the water quality of these places can be considered desirable. Therefore, periodic and regular water evaluation and training on maintenance and health issues should always be considered

Globally tobacco use is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Starting to smoke during adolescence has its own risks.The aim of this study was to determine the status of tobacco use and its relationship with second-hand smoke, access and advertising in adolescents of Qom in 2019.

The present descriptive study was performed on 823 students in the first and second grades of secondary school in Qom. The data collection tool was the Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) questionnaire in the form of self-report. Sampling was performed by multi-stage random clustering. Data were analyzed using chi-square test.

The prevalence of tobacco use was 22.1% (177 cases). The highest exposure to second-hand smoke was 52.9% (430 cases) for "exposure to second-hand smoke in public". Of all current tobacco users, 64.8% (35 cases) had access to tobacco through stores and shops. Overall, 34.3% (278 cases) of students were exposed to tobacco advertisements in tobacco shops and streets. The chi-square test showed a significant relationship between educational level, gender, amount of pocket money, exposure to second-hand smoke and advertisements with smoking (p<0.05).

Based on the results of the present study, it is recommended to implement policies and strategies to reduce second-hand smoke exposure, access and exposure to advertisements in adolescents.

Many healthcare providers use health information technology to improve their performance. Picture Archiving and Communication System is a subsystem of the health information system that aims to facilitate the storing, archiving, and managing of digital images as well as their transmission. In this regard, measuring the level of acceptance of technology can be very helpful in the successful implementation of a system. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the level of acceptance of Picture Archiving and Communication System by users based on the Technology Acceptance Model questionnaire. This study was conducted in teaching hospitals of Qom, Iran (where the Picture Archiving and Communication System are currently in operation).

The present cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was performed on all the radiology staff of teaching hospitals in Qom, which is equipped with Picture Archiving and Communication System. The data were collected using the Technology Acceptance Model questionnaire and analyzed in SPSS (version 21)  and SmartPLS (version 21) software using descriptive statistics for the demographic characteristics and partial least square approach for the structural equation modeling and the path coefficients were calculated.

Based on the findings, the attitude towards usefulness had a significant correlation with the attitude towards usage (P<0.001). Moreover, attitude towards the ease of use had a significant relationship with the attitude towards usefulness (P<0.001). The attitude towards usage also had a significant association with the actual use (P<0.001). According to the table of path coefficients, the effect of ease of use on the attitude (path coefficient: 0.599) was greater than that of the ease of use (path coefficient: 0.108). It was also concluded that age and work experience did not have a significant relationship with the attitude towards ease of use, usefulness, usage, and actual use (P<0.001).

According to the results, the two variables of attitude towards ease of use and usefulness influenced the acceptance of the Picture Archiving and Communication System and should be considered in evaluations and plans.

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) as a common disease in many tropical and subtropical countries has adverse economic consequences for patients and health care system. Some rural areas of Qom are considered as active foci of disease. This study was performed in order to evaluation of economic burden associated with CL in Qom, central Iran using Activity Based Costing.

In a cross-sectional study, data of 207 patients with CL based on laboratory diagnosis in the year 2018 were used to estimate the economic burden of the disease. Charts, frequency tables, and the financial softwares (Azarakhsh and Roozamad) in Excel were used to costs analysis.

The incidence of CL in Qom province was 16.02 per 100,000 people (207/1,292,000). Economic burden of the disease was estimated at 4,265,246,799 rials (85,387$). The average direct cost paid for each person with CL was 10,631,250 rials (212$) and indirect costs (overhead) for each person was about 9,653,807 rials (193$), the governmental cost per patient 20,285,057 rials (405$), direct out of pocket payments for each patient was around 320,000 rials (7$) and the total costs was estimated at 20,605,057 rials (412$) per patient.

Direct and indirect costs associated with diagnosis and treatment of CL disease may have a great impact on patients and health care system. So, it seems more cost effective to take preventive measures.

Considering the initiation of the Health Transformation Plan in the Ministry of Health and Medical Education in 2014, evaluation of this plan is of particular importance. The aim of this study was to investigate the performance indicators of the Emergency Department of Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Qom city (before and after the transformation plan).

The study was carried out as a descriptive cross-sectional study in Shahid Beheshti Hospital of Qom city (year 2014). The statistical population consisted of the patients referring to the Emergency Department of the hospital, which was selected from the emergency and archived records and entered into the database. Four emergency department performance indicators, were selected and evaluated before and after the Health Development Plan. These indicators included the percentages of patients who were disposed under 6 hours, percentage of hospitalization of patients under 12 hours, unsuccessful cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and discharge with personal satisfaction. Data analysis was performed using the Chi square test.

Before and after the Health Transformation Plan, the percentage of patients who were disposed under 6 hours, reached from 86% to 78.5%, hospitalization rate of patients under 12 hours reached from 96% to 83%, discharge with personal satisfaction from 19% to 14%, and the percentage of unsuccessful cardiopulmonary resuscitation from 83% to 55.3%. The mean of these four indicators, was statistically significant 4 years after the implementation of the transformation plan (p<0.0001).

According to the results of this study, emergency performance indicators improved with the implementation of the Health Transformation Plan. Therefore, this study should be carried out at a broader level for all hospital indicators.

Premenstrual syndrome is defined as a group of physical and psychological symptom, which happens during luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Researches have indicated that premenstrual syndrome has significant effects on mental health and well-being of women. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of premenstrual syndrome and its relationship with psychological well-being in the students of Qom University of Medical Sciences.
 

 In this descriptive–correlational study, a total number of 226 female students of Qom University of Medical Sciences, were selected using convenience sampling method during 2017-2018. The participants were asked to respond to the Premenstrual Syndrome Scale, Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale, and demographic checklist. Data were analyzed using descriptive, correlation, and multivariate regression statistical techniques.
 

In this research, 37% of the students reported mild symptoms, 49.8% moderate symptoms, and 13.2% severe symptoms of premenstrual syndrome. Pearson correlation coefficient test also showed that symptom severity had a significant correlation with psychological well-being (p<0.01), which could predict 11% of psychological well-being variance.
 

The results of the current study revealed that premenstrual syndrome has a high prevalence in female students. Moreover, premenstrual syndrome is an appropriate predictor of psychological well-being in female students.

an important problem challenging cesarean section is its extensive use as a common method of delivery. Due to the growing trend of cesarean section in Iran in recent years, the natural delivery promotion program was implemented as one the programs incorporated in the Health System Reform Plan in 2014. In this study, the trend of changes in the percentage of CS delivery in Qom Province following the implementation of this program was evaluated.

This trend analysis that was performed in all cesarean deliveries in Qom Province from 2005 to 2018 using a joinpoint regression method.

These results showed an annual increase of0.4% in the CS percentage 95% CI: -0.5 to  1.2), which was not statistically significant. A significant decrease was observed in the rate of CS in governmental hospitals. Conversely, in non-governmental hospitals, the percentage of CS increased significantly.

According to the findings of this study, after more than 3 years of implementation of health sector evolution plan, overall implementation of this plan failed to significantly reduce the overall process of cesarean delivery during this period in Qom province and achieve the predetermined goals.

Dissatisfaction with life and use of drugs in adolescents is a worrying problem, since each of these problems is associated with many negative consequences. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between life satisfaction and tendency to addiction in the students of Qom University of Medical Sciences.
  This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study, was performed on all students of Qom University of Medical Sciences. Statistical population consisted of 250 individuals who were selected with systematic random sampling in the second semester of academic year 2016-2017 and responded to demographic characteristics, Diener’s Satisfaction with Life, and Tendency to Addiction questionnaires. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and regression at a significant level of p<0.05.
  The mean of students' tendency to addiction was 32.03+19.25 and the mean of student's life satisfaction was 23.7+6.19. Also, there was a significant reverse relationship between life satisfaction and tendency to addiction among the students.
  The results of this study showed that increasing life satisfaction is associated with a decrease in tendency to addiction in the students. Therefore, planning is necessary to improve the satisfaction with life during the academic period and reduce the tendency to addiction in this group of society.

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a type of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which is identified by inflammation and damage to colonic mucosal cells and leads to ulceration and bleeding. This study aims to investigate the relation of demographic and clinical variables with the severity of the disease in patients with UC relapse.
 
This cross sectional study was conducted on 65 patients with UC relapse referred to Shahid Beheshti hospital during 2017-2018. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected using a checklist. Data were analyzed by statistical tests of ANOVA and Chi-square.
 
In this study, among 65 participants, 35 were male and 30 were female. The mean age of the patient was 36±14 years, of whom, 40% had mild and 60% moderate and severe relapse of the disease. From all studied variables, young age (p=0.050), higher body temperature (p=0.019), higher pulse rate, lower level of hemoglobin, and higher levels of ESR and WBC (all with p<0.001), had a direct relationship with the severity of the disease.
 
Patients with younger age and more severe inflammatory state experience a more severe relapse periods. Therefore, future studies can focus on reducing the severity and frequency of the relapse episodes.

Actinomycetes are Gram-positive and filamentous bacteria that are the major microorganism in soil. According to studies, three quarters of all known antibiotics are produced by actinomycetes. The present study aimed to investigate actinomycetes in farming saline soils of different regions of Qom province in terms of antibacterial property. In this experimental study, first, Actinomycetes were collected and isolated from farming saline soils of Qom province, then, primary screening was carried out using culture and secondary screening by agar diffusion method against pathogenic bacteria. For molecular identification, genomic DNA of all isolates was extracted, then their 16SrRNA gene was sequenced by PCR technique, replicated, and positive samples, were sequences and the obtained results were analyzed phylogenetically. In this study, out of 100 collected soil samples, 23 isolates of Actinomycetes were isolated. Also, in addition to microbiological tests, 10 samples were sequenced using the PCR method based on the 16 SrRNA, and the isolates were 100% and 99% similar to Streptomyces and Actinomycetes. The results of this study revealed that new isolates exist in the soil sample of Qom province, which are able to produce new antibacterial agents and could be used in the field of industry.

Background and The safe and health drinking water is one of the vital factors of human life. The reason for this issue is the existence of various strict standards as WHO and EPA in the world and 1053 standard in Iran in the recent years. This study was implemented to evaluate the effect of seasonal changes (spring and autumn) on the physical and chemical properties of drinking water in Sefid-allah village of Qom province. Measurement of physical and chemical indicators was carried out by the rural wastewater organization of Qom from the potable water sources of Sefid-allah village in two seasons spring and autumn 1390 and 1391. Analyze of parameters like pH, Turbidity, EC, Hardness, CL, NO3−, NO2− , PO34−, NH3, SO42−, F−, CO32−, HCO3−, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ and Mn2+ was done according to the standard methods of drinking waters (1053 standard). The mean of residual chlorine, Turbidity, pH, TDS, Total Hardness and Alkalinity reported 0 (mg/lit), 0.995 (NTU), 7.41, 1037.5 (mg/l), 478 (mg/l) and 288 (mg/l, respectively. The results showed that, in among Cations and Anions there are the following sequence was established: Na+> Ca2+> Mg2+> K+ and SO42− > HCO3− > CL− > NO3− > F− > PO34−> NO2− > NH3- HCO3−, respectively. The concentration of pH, HCO3− and Mn2+ were higher than the limited value of the standard. As such, only the concentration average of Turbidity, Ca2+, Na+ and K+ in spring were more than autumn. In conclusion, shift in seasons caused changes in some of the indicators under review. Finally, was found that the quality of drinking water of Sefid-allah village, by correcting some of the parameters, there is no problem for used to drinking water.

Abstract
Considering the increasing use of implant, many dentists are willing to use implants with the highest quality and ease of work. Therefore, the present study was performed to investigate the frequency of use and satisfaction of the dentists from different dental implant systems in Qom city.
 
In this descriptive and cross-sectional study, a questionnaire was prepared and distributed among the dentists who was performing dental implant treatment in order to assess the components of frequency of use of implant systems and dentists’ satisfaction. The data were analyzed by descriptive statistics.
 
This study was carried out on 80 dentists, and 92.6% of the dentists considered better services and 85% of whom considered ease of implant placement as an important priority for choosing an optimal implant system. Three most satisfying systems included Implantium system (40%), SIC system (38.8%), and Dio system (33.8%), and in terms of the frequency of use of the implant systems, 45.1% of the dentists were highly using Implantium, 38.8% SIC system, and 33.8% Dio system.
 
According to the results of this study, better services and convenience of work stages are the most important priority for dentists in choosing an optimal implant system, and the most used implant systems are Implantium systems, SIC, and Dio. Moreover, the dentists’ highest level of satisfaction in Qom city was from Implantium, SIC, and Dio systems.

Assessment, identification, and presentation of management challenges of running programs can help policymakers and administrators to overcome these deficiencies and achieve the objectives of the plan. This study was conducted with the aim of explanation of the management challenges and solutions for its elimination in the health sector of health system reform plan Qom city.
 
In this qualitative study, participants were the experts and the executives of Qom health center, health services providers in the health centers affiliated to the deputy of health of Qom University of Medical Sciences and health services recipients referring to health centers in Qom city, selected by convenience sampling. The data were collected through individual interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed by qualitative content analysis and an inductive approach. Challenges for health system reform in the field of health, were extracted by qualitative method.
 
The data of this study were categorized in 21 categories and 7 themes. From the perspective of the participants, the management challenges of health system reform in the health sector included waste of resource, the unexceptionable system, hasty implementation of the program, emphasis on quantity and directional reporting, ineffective monitoring, shortcomings in implementation of the program, and reduced quality of health services.
 
Based on the findings of this study, it is necessary to design effective strategies for management of resources, establishment of a system for collecting criticisms and suggestions and their application, judgment based on the quality of services, modification of the existing monitoring system, eliminating executive failures, and paying attention to the improvement of the quality of services.

The tendency to leave nursing profession can exacerbate the shortage of nursing workforce and ultimately will have negative effects on the quality of health care provision. The aim of this study was to determine the tendency to leave nursing profession at the therapeutic and educational centers of Qom city.   This cross-sectional study was carried out on nurses working in therapeutic and educational centers affiliated to Qom University of Medical Sciences. After preparation of the list of nurses, 207 nurses were selected by simple random sampling method from 6 therapeutic and educational centers. First, the participants completed the demographic information questionnaire, then, the tendency to leave nursing profession was assessed as one question. Descriptive statistical indexes and multivariate logistic regression were used for data analysis.   The tendency to leave nursing profession among the participants was 54.6%. The rate of tendency to leave nursing profession among male nurses was 2.5 times higher than that of females (OR: 2.55, 95% CI: 1.03-6.31). Moreover, multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that working in the fix morning shift in internal-surgical ward, having less than 10 years of work experience, and having overtime significantly increases the tendency to leave nursing profession.   Based on the findings of the present study, tendency to leave nursing profession in therapeutic and educational centers of Qom city is significant; therefore, given the variables affecting the increase of this phenomenon among nurses, a comprehensive program should be designed to improve this variable and its consequences.

Internal evaluation is a dynamic and continuous process, which has a high effectiveness and improves the quantity and quality of the group's education system due to the participation of all members of the group. The purpose of this study was internal evaluation of the Department of Nursing of Qom University of Medical Sciences in 2018.
 
This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in order to internal evaluation of the Department of Nursing of the school of Nursing and Midwifery of Qom University of Medical Sciences in 2018. Students, graduates, faculty members, and head of Department of Nursing, and dean and deputy of education and research of the faculty, were selected by census sampling method. A questionnaire approved by the Center for Studies of Qom University of Medical Sciences, was used during the first 6 months of the year 2018. Data analysis was carried out using descriptive statistics methods.
 
In this study, the score percentage obtained by the Department of Nursing in 9 factors of internal evaluation was 89.78% for management and organization, 88.88% for mission and goals of education, 84.7% for faculty member, 79.6% for educational group, 79.86% for educational curriculum, 72.5% for assessment and evaluation, 69.34% for students, 68.76% for graduates, and 67.29% for physical space.
 
According to the results of this study, the highest score was related to the management and organization and the lowest score was for graduates and physical space.

  The main mission of the Health System is improving the level of health and meeting the needs of the society and its correct implementation also plays a very important role in the Health and Treatment System. This study aimed to investigate Patients’ satisfaction during their treatment process following implementation of Health System Reform Plan at selected treatment centers affiliated to the Qom University of Medical Sciences.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 550 patients who were hospitalized in different wards of hospitals in Qom city in 2017. Sampling was performed by stratified random sampling using the table of random numbers. The data were collected using the standard questionnaire prepared by the Ministry of Health, and the questionnaires completed by the clients of different wards of selected public hospitals in Qom city, were evaluated.

In the present study, the total satisfaction level of the patients during their treatment process was 72%, which this satisfaction was reported to be 78% at Shahid Behshti hospital, 72% at Nekouee Hospital, and 61.5% at Karmkar Hospital. Moreover, the highest level of satisfaction was reported in the areas of drug provision (95.5%) and franchise and lack of informal payment to doctors (93.5%) and the lowest level of satisfaction was in the complaints management (53%) and discharge process (58%) areas.

According to the results of this study, the execution of the Health System Reform Plan in the treatment centers is effective in the promotion of patients’ satisfaction. Thus, it is suggested that the weak points should be paid attention, and the quality of services be promoted and the program be continued in order to increase the level of satisfaction.