جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "مایع مغزی" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Background and Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has a broad set of molecules which is essential for neurogenesis. Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) are putatively neural crest cell-derived that can differentiate into neurons and glial cells under appropriate neurotrophic factors. The aim of this study was to induce differentiation of hDPSCs into neuroglial phenotypes using Retinoic acid (RA) and CSF.
The hDPSCs were isolated by mechanical enzymatic digestion from an impacted third molar and cultured. 2 × 105 cells were treated by 10-7 µM Retinoic acid (RA group) for 8 days, CSF (CSF group) for 8 days and pre-induced with RA for 4 days followed by inducing with CSF for 4 days (RC group). Nestin, βIII-tubulin and GFAP immunostaining were used for evaluating the differentiated cells. Axonal outgrowth was detected using Bielschowsky's silver impregnation method and Nissl bodies were stained in differentiated cells by Cresyl violet. Data analysis was performed in SPSS V.16 applying One-way ANOVA and Chi-square test.
The morphology of differentiated cells in treated groups significantly changed after 3-5 days. The immunocytochemistry results showed that nestin, the neuroprogenitor marker, was observed in all groups. Whereas, a high percentage of nestin positive cells and ΒIII-tubulin, as mature neural markers, were seen at the pre-induction and induction stage, respectively. Nissl bodies were detected as dark-blue particles in the cytoplasm of treated cells.
The findings suggest that the RA as pre-inducer and CSF as inducer could be used for in vitro differentiation of neuroglial cells from hDPSCs.

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has a broad range of molecules and neurotrophic factors which are essential for neurogenesis. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are multipotent stem cells that can differentiate into the cells with neural-like phenotype under the induction of appropriate growth factors. According to the significant role of Retinoic acid (RA) in neurogenesis, The aim of this study is differentiation of BMSCs into neuron-like cells using CSF, RA and combinative form of CSF and RA.
Material and Rat BMSCs were isolated and characterized. The CSF was prepared from cisterna magna of 19 days Wistar rat embryos. Then BMSCs were induced by 5% CSF (CSF group), 10-6 µM Retinoic acid (RA group) and CSF plus RA (CSR group) for 12 days. Morphology of differentiated cells was examined by inverted microscope and axonal outgrowth was measured using the image J software. In addition, the expression of neural-specific markers (Nestin and MAP-2) was examined by Immunocytochemistry.
The specific - neuronal morphology was observed in differentiated cells. The maximum axon length was seen in CSR group on 12th day of induction. The results of immunocytochemistry showed that the neuroprogenitor marker (Nestin) was expressed in all treated groups. However, MAP-2, as a mature neural marker, was expressed in CSR group.
The findings suggest that CSF accompanied RA lead to differentiation of cells with neuronal and glial phenotypes from BMSCs in vitro.

Lead is a common environmental contaminant element without useful biologic role in human body. Exposure to lead is an important public health problem especially for children. It may have toxic effect on many organs among central nervous system. The aim of our study was to determine cerebro-spinal fluid levels of lead in healthy children in Tehran. This prospective study included one group of healthy children with 2 -84 months of age. Thirty cases were enrolled. The cerebro-spinal fluid levels of lead were measured by atomic absorption. Data were analyzed by T-test and Chi-square. Mean age of cases was 25.46± 20.56 months. There were 15 males and 15 females. Median levels of lead was1.65 μg/dl (min= 0.5, max=14.2). There was no relationship between age and sex and cerebro-spinal fluid lead levels. In our study cerebro-spinal fluid lead levels was measured. It is recommended to compare our finding with cases with neurologic disorders.

Meningitis is one of the serious and dangerous infections in the infancy and childhood and rapid diagnosis of meningococcal disease is important، especially in infants. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a protein found in blood and is an acute phase protein. CRP sensitive reactive that used for diagnosis of infection. This study conducted to assessment of the relationship between cerebrospinal fluid C-reactive protein، and neonatal meningitis، as well as diagnostic value of test.

Forty nine hospitalized infant that suspected to meningitis were enrolled in this analytic cross sectional research via non probable accessible sampling. 28 patients (52. 7%) of all the patients were male and 21 patients (42. 8%) were female. The average age of the patients was 22. 6±11. 88 days. Data from clinical examinations and laboratory tests entered in a questionnaire and all of samples divided in two bacterial (septic) and non-bactria (aseptic) meningitis group. All data including cerebrospinal fluid CRP of newborns were statistically analyzed.

In total، the mean and standard deviation of age was 22. 6±11. 88 days. 57. 2% of infants were male and 42. 8% were female. In total، 40. 82% of infants were diagnosed with septic meningitis. There was no significant difference between septic and aseptic groups in terms of sex (P= 1. 00) also in terms of age (P= 0. 1). The mean and standard deviation of CRP level in septic meningitis group was 0. 95±0. 68 mg/L and in aseptic group was 0. 16±0. 36 mg/L. The CRP level difference in septic meningitis group compare with aseptic group was statistically significant (P<0. 000). The finding showed that cut off point for CRP level as a diagnostic test was 0. 17 mg/L، sensitivity was 95% and specificity was 86%.

In the present study، newborns with septic meningitis had higher cerebrospinal fluid CRP level than newborns with aseptic meningitis، and CSF-CRP can be used in rapid diagnosis of septic and aseptic meningitis. Although this result has been seen in many studies، but more research is needed.

It is possible for the CSF to leak during cranial and maxillofacial fractures. At present there is a little information about CSF leakage، use of antibiotics، lumbar drainage and its surgical indications. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of CSF leakage in cranial and maxillofacial fractures.

In this cross-sectional/analytical study، 1278 files of patients with maxillofacial fractures، admitted into the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery in Al-Zahra Hospital، were evaluated and the data were analyzed using descriptive tests.

In this study، of 1278 patients suffering head and maxillofacial fractures، 16 males and one female had CSF leakage; all these cases had skull base fracture، 53% had maxillary fractures، 23. 5% had nasal fractures، 41. 1% had orbital fractures، 58% had mandibular fractures، 23. 5% had frontal fractures and 57. 14% had more than one fracture. Of the patients with CSF leakage 58. 8% had rhinorrhea and 41. 2% otorrhea. Of all these cases، 8، 7 and 2 patients were cured spontaneously، surgically and by lumbar drainage، respectively.

All the patients with skull base fractures exhibited CSF leakage and all had maxillofacial fractures. It is suggested that surgeons take into account the possibility of skull base fractures and CSF leakage during treatment of maxillofacial fractures.

Meningitis is one of the most common infectious of the central nervous system (CNS)، defined as an inflammation of the meninges. LIF is a potent pro-inflammatory factor. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contains the growth factors and cytokines whose concentrations have been changed in most neurological diseases. The aim of this study was to determine the LIF concentration of serum and CSF in the children with bacterial meningitis. In this study، the total protein concentration (TPC) and LIF in the serum and CSF of normal subjects and children with bacterial meningitis were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). the Values of serum TPC for children with meningitis (74. 17±7. 73 g/L) and controls (73. 50±7. 28 g/L) are not different significantly (P=0. 7)، and the TPC in the CSF of children suffering from meningitis and controls are 35±0. 03 and 0. 34±0. 05 g/L، respectively (P=0. 65). The concentration of serum LIF for children with meningitis (253±19. 14 ng/ml) is higher than that of controls (49. 75±8. 97 ng/ml)، and also the concentration of LIF in the CSF of the children with meningitis (116. 25±8. 60 ng/ml) is significantly higher than that of controls which is 9. 04±1. 83ng/ml (P<0. 001). The LIF concentration in the CSF and serum may provide additional information in the differential diagnosis of meningitis. It is also concluded that LIF could be significantly involved in the pathophysiology of meningitis.

C-Met is a proto-oncogene that encodes a protein known as hepatocyte growth factor receptor (HGFR). The HGF receptor possesses tyrosine -kinase activity and it is essential for embryonic development, wound healing and cancer. Many proteins are proteolytically released from the surface by a process known as ectodomain shedding. Shedding occurs under normal physiologic conditions and can be increased in certain pathologies. C-Met can be seen among many receptors for which ectodomain shedding has been shown. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of soluble c-Met in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum samples of patients with viral and bacterial meningitis. in this study, 75 CSF and serum samples of patients with bacterial meningitis, 71 with viral meningitis and 82 normal controls were investigated. The soluble c-Met concentration was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). the amount of soluble c-met in CSF of patients with bacterial meningitis (83.91±5.50), viral meningitis (80.41±4.71) and control group (22.66±3.39) are compared with that in serum of patients with bacterial meningitis (561.58±25.87), viral meningitis (550.50 ±34.34) and control group (256.25±18.55). There is significant increase in the CSF and serum’s soluble c-Met expression in the patients with meningitis, in comparison with control group. The data presented here indicate that soluble c-Met is a constant component of human serum and CSF, but it can not be used for differentiating bacterial meningitis from viral meningitis.

Aquaporin1 (AQP1) protoin channels that expressed in the Choroid plexuses of brain ventricles, have an important role in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) production. Some pathophysiological conditions such as intracranial hypertension, systemic hyponatremia and hydrocephalus followed by overproduction of CSF. Studies indicated that Curcumin can inhibit ionic channels. So the aim of this study was to determine that Curcumin can reduce the AQP1 protein in Choroid plexus cells. In this study Choroidal epithelial cells of lateral ventricle were isolated from Wistar rats brain and grown in DMEM supplement. 20Μm, 30μM of Curcumin were added to cell culture medium after 24hs and also 10 μM and 15 μM of this component were added to medium after 48 hours. Effect of Curcumin on viability of these cells examined by MTT assay. Also the effect of Curcumin on the level of AQP1 protein was investigate by flow cytometry assay. Based on MTT assay results, Curcumin inhibited Choroid plexus cells growth with IC50 value of 40μM and 22μM after 24 and 48 hours respectively. Flow cytomerty results indicated that Curcumin causes 50% decrease of AQP1 level in choroidal epithelial cells on dose and time-dependent manner. According to this study Curcumin can reduce the AQP1 protein in CP cells and this substance as a herbal medicene maybe able to be effective in treatment of some diseases such as intracranial hypertension, systemic hyponatremia and hydrocephalus by decrease CSF production.

Febrile convulsion is one of the most common causes of hospitalization of children in pediatric wards. The exact pathogenesis of seizure is not fully understood but involves several factors like genetic predisposition, changes in the levels of neurotransmitters, and some trace elements. The present study was conducted to evaluate the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) zinc (Zn) level in children with types of febrile convulsion. This descriptive-analytical study was carried out from August 2008 to October 2009 to see the status of zinc in CSF of 26 children (6 months to 6 years) with febrile convulsion. All the patients who entered the study had an indication for lumbar puncture. We collected CSF samples from all children and assessed the concentration of zinc using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). We compared CSF zinc levels regarding seizure type and sex of children using statistical analysis. Mean CSF zinc level in simple and complex febrile seizures were 2.1081 ± 0.5655 and 1.575 0.2339 [m g/dl), respectively. This difference was statistically significant (P= 0.01). However, there was no relationship between CSF zinc status with sex (P=0.19). These finding revealed that CSF zinc level is higher in simple febrile convulsions than the complex febrile convulsions. CSF zinc concentration (μg/dl) did not differ between boys and girls significantly.

Type 1 and type 2 herpes simplex (HSV) virus cause infection of central nervous system (encephalitis) in human. The molecular techniques are the best methods for detection of HSV. In this study we evaluated the novel molecular technique of LAMP for detection of HSV-1 and HSV-2. In this experimental study 184 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from Mofid Hospital. DNA of every sample was extracted by use of Sinagen DNP Kit. Based on the HSV DNA polymerase gene, a set of 6 primers were designed and sensitivity and specificity of this method were determined. By adding SYBER Green, LAMP product was identified. The results of LAMP method were compared to those of PCR by chi-square test. Sensitivity of LAMP method determined to be 5 copies/ tube and sensitivity of PCR method determined to be 50 copies/ tube. Both LAMP and PCR methods showed 100% specificity for detection of HSV type 1 and type2. Among 184 samples, 60 samples were positive by LAMP but 45 samples were positive by PCR method. Sensitivity of LAMP was 10 times higher than that of PCR. Comparison of the results of the two methods by means of chi-square test showed a significant difference (p‹0.05). LAMP method had high sensitivity and specificity for detection of type 1 and type 2 HSV in CSF samples.

Detection of enteroviruses and mumps virus nucleic acid in cerebrospinal spinal fluid (CSF) specimens has been demonstrated to improve the management of patients with aseptic meningitis. Then rapid and sensitive diagnostic techniques are desirable. Multiplex RT-PCR has the potential to detection both of viruses. This assay is so rapid and sensitive. At first, PCR assay was optimized and then we use it for CSF samples. Production of false negative results was avoided by the inclusion of ß- 2-microglobulin primers in the Multiplex RT-PCR assay as an internal control. CSF samples were collected from one hundred patients under the age of 7 years old. The samples were tested for the presence of enteroviruses and mumps virus by Multiplex RT-PCR method. All of the samples were negative in bacterial culture. Overall 35% of the CSF samples were positive for enteroviruses, whereas one percent of CSF samples were positive for both viruses. This technique increases the sensitivity of enteroviruses and mumps virus detection in clinical samples. This diagnostic approach can also be suitable for epidemiological studies. Sequencing of PCR products would be a suitable approach for determination of circulating enteroviruses in the population. This test is a sensitive and fast method (lower than three hours) for simultaneously diagnosis of aseptic meningitis, which could be used for epidemiologic studies.

The levels of lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) in the cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) have been used to evaluate a variety of neurologic disorders. However, few studies have been performed on CSF LDH in febrile convulsion patients. The aim of this study is to compare CSF LDH in children with simple and complex febrile convulsion. Patients and In this study, which was prospective, analytic and cross-sectional, CSF samples were collected from 225 children: 75 with simple febrile convulsions(group A), 75 with complex febrile convulsions(group B) and 75 with no neurological or intracranial pathology(controls, group C). Lactic dehydrogenase(LDH) levels in CSF were measured by a Hitachi analyzer. Then CSF LDH was compared between the three groups. The results were analyzed via Student's t-test. Mean total LDH levels in groups A, B and C were 64.62 ± 12.44, 81.93 ± 21.37, and 51.10 ± 11.82 IU/L respectively. The LDH level in group B was significantly higher(P<0.05) than that in the other two groups. In group A, mean CSF LDH level was also higher than that in group C(P<0.05). This survey is the second report on the LDH level in the CSF of the patients with simple and complex febrile convulsions. The important finding is that simple and complex febrile convulsions may be associated with cell damage and change in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism, and this damage is greater in complex febrile convulsions.

In Iran, thousands of young individuals become victims of head injury annually. Head injury can damage neuronal cells which may in turn complicate the recovery of the patients. Also, the increase of iron in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) following head injury may contribute to the hypoxic-ischemia brain damage by catalyzing the formation of free radicals (Harber-Weiss Rection). The object was to study the correlation between the level of iron in CSF with cerebral tissue damage after experimental head injury in adult male rats.

A total of 27 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups of control (n=7), experimental I (n=9), and experimental II (n=11). Head injury was induced with a 300g weight dropped on the skull from a distance of 1 meter. CSF samples were withdrawn from controls with insertion of a Hamilton needle throught atlanto-ocipital (OA) membrane. Also, CSFs were collected from experimental animals I and II at 30 min and 60 min after induction of head injury, respectively. All CSF samples were measured with Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. Also, biopsy samples from parietal lobe of brain were fixed in 10% formalin and stained with Hemotoxylin-Eosin for morphological evaluation.

The level of iron in CSF of control group was 2.95±31ppm. The level of iron in experimetanl groups of I and II increased to 6.14±1.01 (P>0.05) and 14.72±2.94 (P<0.001), respectively. The cerebral tissue of group I consisted of abnormal dark neurons which were scattered among normal neurons. However, the majority of neuronal cells were damaged in experimental group II.

The results showed that the level of iron in CSF as well as neuronal cell architecture was time-dependent after experimental head injury. This may cause a non-reversible brain injury with release of free radicals in CSF following head injury.

History and Considering the high incidence of mumps and its complications and mortality and for determination of the role of environmental factors, this study was carried out on children with complications of mumps in hospitals of Tehran university during the years 1993-1997. This study was performed on existing data of medical records with a diagnosis of mumps. Personal characteristics, time of hospitalization, medical costs, symptoms and clinical manifestations, complications and history of vaccination were evaluated and recorded. During the study, 305 qualified children were examined. Their average age was 8.4 year and 76% of them were male and 24% were female. Vomiting, headache, neck stiffness and Kerning symptom were recorded in 96%, 92%, 75% and 30% of cases. In CSF, an average of 295 WBC and 80% lymphocyte was obtained. In addition, 91.7% of them had a history of vaccination and they have hospitalized after an average of 4.5 days. There is a high incidence of complications for mumps and with no vaccination the incidence increases. Performing vaccination for two times at ages 14-18 months and 6th year is strongly recommended.