جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « محدودیت حرکتی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

 Increasing frailty syndrome is one consequence of the aging population. Frailty syndrome can adversely affect the independent life and social activities of the elderly by threatening their balance and mobility. This study aimed to investigate the effect of short-term postural-balance training on balance and functional limitations in elderly women with frailty syndrome.

The present clinical trial study was performed on 54 elderly women with frailty syndrome. Participants were randomly selected from one of the daycare centers for the elderly in Shiraz and were divided into two groups intervention (n=27) and control (n=27). For the intervention group, 12 sessions of short-term postural-balance exercises were held. Data were collected using the Fried Frailty Index, berg balance scale (BBS-9), and the survey of activities and fear of falling in the elderly (SAFE) Questionnaire at the beginning of the study and the end of the intervention and analyzed using SPSS software v. 25.

 The mean age of participants was 66.77 years, and 94.4% had at least one chronic disease. Following the intervention, there was a significant improvement in the mean scores of frailties such as physical activity, walk time, balance, and motor limitation of the elderly in the intervention group. In contrast, the intervention could not significantly affect other frailty indicators, i.e., unwanted weight loss, exhaustion, and grip strength in the intervention group

 Postural-balance exercises significantly improve the physical characteristics of malnutrition and motor and functional limitations in daily life activities in the elderly.

Aging is associated with gradual erosive changes in the physiological function of many systems of the body. Ths study aimed to examine the physical functioning and limitation and its related factors in people aged 50 and older in Bukan, 2017. In this cross-sectional study 1201 elderly people aged 50 years and up were recruited from health recentres in Bukan city using stratified random sampling. Study information were collected by trained interviewers including demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, fall history, visual and hearing status, comorbidities, BMI, physical activity (PASE), social support (DUKE), cognitive function (MMSE) and depression (CES-D-10) as well as physical functioning which was assessed by TUG test and and mobility limitation which was assessed using a 10 items questionnaire (MOS-PA). To analyze the data, we used various testes including analysis of variance, linear regression and logistic regression models. The mean of the physical functioning was 10.7 ± 3.53 seconds, and 14.2% of study participants had a severe physical limitation. The results showed that BMI, physical activity, fear of fall, economic and job status were significantly associated with physical function (respectively, β= 1.638-1.495- 0.3- 0.014- 0.148). Also, age, sex, cognitive function, depression, social support, visual status had a significant correlation with physical limitation (respectively OR=0.631- 0.929- 0357- 0.922- 0.415- 1.048). The results of this study indicate that psychological and socio-demographic factors are predictors of physical functioning and limitation in older adults. Therefore, it seems that improving the determinants factors, due to the better life and health in older adults.

Aging is a natural process concerning the physiological and psychological changes in humans over a period of time. Increasing prevalence of aging has recently been reported in Iran and it predicted to be increased tremendously by 2031. Aging affects the physiological systems associated with balance. The flexibility, strength and balance training program for the elderly can reduce the risk factors of falling with increasing muscle strength, flexibility, balance, coordination, reaction speed and deep sensation in walking, and enhance the performance of the elderly in daily life. Elderly people are not able to perform any kind of activity due to some physiological, physical and motor limitation. Meanwhile, Tai Chi, Pilates and Yoga are activities that good for the elderly. However, the main question is whether the Yoga, Kouk Sun Do (KSD) and mental exercises that result from any extreme physical exertion stress for the elderly can play a significant role in general health by promoting balance, muscular and flexibility, which is one of the main factors in improving the performance of elderly people with mobility limitation. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mental practice, yoga and KSD exercises on functional tests in elderly with mobility limitation.

A total of 80 elderly women (68.46 ± 2.92) with mobility limitation voluntarily participated in four groups (n=20 in each group). Experimental groups participated in the KSD, Mental and Yoga exercises for four months, two sessions a week. Stork test for static balance timed get up and go test for dynamic balance sit and reach test for flexibility, standing chair test for muscle strength of lower body and legs were performed before and after intervention. Inclusive criteria were women aged above 65 years, mobility limitation, no limitation of mobility due to amputation, score 7 and above in the abbreviated mental test (AMT) psychological health test, and lack of a regular exercise program in the past six months. Exclusive criteria were absence if subjects in training sessions. The survey of activities and fear of falling in the elderly (SAFE) were used to enter elderly with mobility limitation. In implementing the mental training protocol, participants first filled out the movement imagery questionnaire–revised (MIQ–R) to measure motion visual and visual imaging ability and the imaging scores were less than 1 omitted in the research. Levene test was used to determine the homogeneity of variances and two–way repeated–measures ANOVA was used to compare the groups at a significance level of 0.05.

Based on the results of two–way repeated–measures ANOVA, there was a significant difference between KSD, mental, yoga and control groups (p≤0.05). There was also a significant difference in functional tests (static balance, dynamic balance, flexibility and muscular strength) of the elderly before and after intervention (p≤0.05). The results of Bonferroni test showed a significant difference in KSD and yoga groups compared to the control group. 

Results of the study suggested that performing the yoga and KSD practice protocol improves the static balance, dynamic balance, physical flexibility and muscular strength of elderly women with mobility limitation. Elderly people can get profit from yoga and KSD training with no extra need to any special facilities.

Oxidative stress causes damage in processes, such as learning and memory through affecting the nervous system. Also, using chemical drugs for treatment of stress-induced depression is often associated with attenuation of memory. In the present study, the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Noroozak (Salvia leriifolia) root as an antioxidant along with antidepressant drug, fluvoxamine, were investigated on the spatial memory of male rats under immobilization stress.
In this experimental study, 25 adult male rats (mean weight, 170g), were randomly divided into five groups of 5 each. The animals were orally treated with different doses of drug and extract for 21 days. At the end of the treatment period, a radial 8-arm maze was used to investigate the behavioral indices. Also, malondialdehyde and catalase levels in the brain tissue homogenate and glucose and cortisol levels in blood, were measured. Data analysis was carried out using one-way analysis of variance and post-hoc Tukey’s test.
Spatial memory in the rats under immobilization stress (sham group) showed a significant decrease as compared to the control group. Administration of extract of Noroozak root improved the spatial memory in the groups receiving extract and extract-drug compared to sham and fluvoxamine groups. Also, the extract of Noroozak root improved the flovoxamine-induced attenuation of memory, increased catalase, and decreased malondialdehyde, glucose, and cortisol in the groups under treatment with extract and extract-drug compared to sham group.
The findings showed that immobilization stress and fluvoxamine administration for the treatment of stress-induced depression resulted in attenuation of spatial memory; while, the extract of Noroozak root improved memory in all groups due to powerful antioxidant property.

Functional movement screen (FMS), a seven-test battery, has been introduced to identify individuals at risk of injury. It is sometimes impossible to use the whole FMS battery, due to the limitations of time or resources. In this study, we studied how much it was valid to use deep squat (DS) test as an alternative for FMS. Target population included all 524 firefighters operating in Isfahan City, Iran. They accomplished DS and FMS tests. The cut-point of DS was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and its predictive accuracy was determined via logistic regression analysis (LRA). ROC curve revealed that based on the best DS cut-point, the value of sensitivity (true positive) was 0.92, and the value of "1 - specificity" (false positive) was 0.55. LRA showed that, compared to holders of 2 and 3 DS scores, holders of 0 and 1 scores were nine times more likely to obtain score less than 14 in FMS. Findings of this study supports the alteration of FMS by DS in case of limitation of time and resources, especially when examining big populations. Due to false positive rate of 0.55 for subjects scoring 14 or less in FMS, it is still necessary to execute the FMS for them for accurate verification. Such an approach will save about 30 to 40 percent of time and resources

Plantarflexor muscles produce propulsive force in the second half of stance phase; deficient motor output from these muscles would lead to inadequate propulsion at push off phase of gait following stroke. It is important to develop strategies to improve plantarflexor output. This study examined the effects of walking on a treadmill at varying gradients and speeds on medial gastrocnemius (MG) muscle activation in stroke survivors.
Nineteen stroke survivors (13M/6F: average age 55.37±7.54 years; body mass index 29.10±4.52kg/m2) participated in the study. Participants walked on a standard treadmill at three different positive inclines (0°, 3°, and 6°) and speeds (self-selected, self-selected%, self-selected%). The electromyographic activity of MG recorded at push off phase of the gait.
A linear mixed model regression analysis was used to analysis. The paretic MG muscle activity increased at faster speeds irrespective of incline (p0.05).
It would appear that stroke survivors employ distinct muscle activation strategies on the paretic and non-paretic sides in response to different walking speeds and inclines

Socket is a mechanical coupling between residual limb and the prosthesis. The Lower limb prosthesis function is highly influenced by the quality of this coupling. Furthermore, the residual limb volume fluctuation compromise the prosthetic socket fit and hence the amputee’s function. To examine the effect of ’bad’ and ‘good’ socket fit conditions on amputees’ performance-based parameters. Method & Materials: 25 unilateral trans-tibial amputees were recruited. They were asked to answer SCS, TAPES, LCI5 questionnaires for the ’bad’ socket fit condition. Following change to a new socket they were asked to fill in the questionnaires again providing that they had been regularly using the prosthesis for at least two weeks and satisfied with the socket fit. At this stage, 11 volunteers were excluded due to dissatisfaction with the new socket fit. The differences between variable relating to the performance of the candidates in ’bad’ and ’good’ socket fit conditions were not statistically significant. However, there was a statistically significant increase in the SCS in favour of ‘good’ socket fit condition. Lack of differences between two conditions could be explained by amputees taking a compensatory mechanisms in ’bad’ socket fit condition to avoid a massive reduction in their functional capabilities. Reduction in sport activities restrictions (related to the TAPES questionnaire), and increase in advanced activities (related to the LCI5 questionnaire) are examples of the positive influences of improvement in socket fit.

The role of prenatal restraint stress on the immune function of male rats has been studied previously. In this study we evaluated the effect of this stress on some of the blood cells.To study of the prenatal restraint stresses effect on the immune system, pregnant rats were divided into four groups including one control group and three experimental groups. The control group did not receive any stress during the gestation period. In the experimental groups (1, 2 and 3) the pregnant rats were subjected to the restraint stress respectively from 8 to 21, 8 to17, and 17 to 21 days of gestation Offspring were housed in laboratory conditions with their mothers until 40 days of age. At the age of 60 days the blood samples were taken from the male rats.Prenatal stress markedly decreased the total number of white blood cells (WBC) in groups 1 and 3, and the percent of granulocyte cells in groups 1, 2 and 3 decreased. The percent of lymphocyte cells in the groups 1, 2 and 3 compared with control group increased significantly. The number of red blood cells (RBC) significantly increased in group 1 and 2 compared to control group. The number of platelet cells also increased in group 1.Our data support that prenatal restraint stresses alter the function of immune and hemopoietic system. Further studies needed to evaluate these effects precisely.