جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « مطالعه مبتنی بر جمعیت » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Using a random sample of women aged 15 to 50 years in Tehran, this study sought to estimate the lifetime prevalence of abortion (intentional and unintentional) and to identify its associated factors.
 

The control data of a population-based case-control study conducted in 2014 in Tehran was used in the present study. Data from 544 randomly selected women aged 15-50 living in municipality areas of Tehran were included in this study. A multiple logistic regression model was used to investigate factors associated with abortion and to estimate the adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals.
 

Overall, 102 women (18.8%, 95% CI (22.4% -15.8%)) reported a lifetime history of abortion. In the logistics regression model, being single (OR =3.46, 95% CI: 1.42-8.47) older age (OR = 1.07, 95% CI: 1.04-1.11) increased the odds of a positive lifetime history of abortion. However, having a child (OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.11-0.65)), more education years (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.82-0.96)) and higher religious beliefs (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: (0.45-0.93)) decreased the odds of a positive lifetime history of abortion..
 

High reported lifetime prevalence of abortion in the present study and its subsequent risks to maternal health highlight the need for educational interventional programs taking into account the level of education and knowledge of mothers along with their religious.

Although a positive association between type 2 diabetes and breast cancer has been reported, an association with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is less clear. This study aimed to assess the relationship between the history of GDM and the incidence of BC a long term population based study.

To conduct this research, 4076 women aged 20-50 years who participated in the first phase of Tehran-Lipid-and-Glucose-Study, who had at-least one pregnancy were included. Each participants were asked about the history of GDM every 3 years. They was evaluated about the occurrence of breast cancer (BC). Cox-survival analysis was used to measure the Hazard-ratio (HR) for both groups with and without history of GDM

The study population included 886 women with prior GDM and 3,909 women without history of GDM. The median duration of follow-up among women with and without the history of GDM were 12.12 and 11.62 years, respectively. The incidence of BC was 0.64 per 1,000 year-olds with confidence=interval of 95% (0.44-0.91). Among them, 4 cases were reported in women with GDM and 26 cases in women without GDM. (Incidence of 0.36 per 1000 person-years with confidence=interval 95% (0.11-0.99) in women with prior GDM and 0.73 per 1,000 person-years with confidence=interval 95% (0.49-1.1) in women without a history of GDM.

Our study showed that the history of GDM is not an independent risk factor for breast cancer.

Human sleep quality and quantity is related to his/her well-being. The aim of this study is to assess the factors associated with self-reported sleep quality among adults in Shahroud.
In the second phase of Shahroud Eye Cohort Study (ShECS), 4737 people (45 to 69 year old) who have participated in the first phase of the ShECS, were invited to the study in 2014. In this study age, sex, marital status, economic status (low, middle and high), education, smoking, and subjective sleep quality were measured. The main question for assessing sleep quality was "During the last month, how would you rate your sleep quality overall?". The data were analyzed using a logistic regression model.
In this study 23.5% of women compared with 10.8% of males, and totally 18.3% (862 subjects) of them described their sleep quality as fairly bad or very bad. Females (OR=2.5; 95%CI: 2.1-3.1), moderate economic status (OR=1.2; 95%CI: 1.0-1.5) and smoking (OR=1.5; 95%CI: 1.1-1.9) were positively associated with poor sleep quality.
The result of our study showed that women had poorer sleep quality than men and smoking is a risk factor for poor sleep quality. So environmental factors related to sleep quality can improve it.

The awareness of the health knowledge level of a population and the weaknesses in people's health literacy is essential for educational planning. This community assessment study, which was conducted to develop an appropriate infrastructure for educational planning, examined the level of health literacy in Hormuz Island’s residents.
This analytical cross-sectional study was done on a sample of people over 18 years in Hormuz Island. Data were collected by two questionnaires which included basic information such as age, sex, marital status, age at marriage, and also indirect questions regarding the economic status of the individuals. Also, the Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adult (S-TOFLHA) was used to measure the patient's ability to read and understand health-related concepts. The linear regression analysis was performed.
The data provided by 486 individuals were analyzed in this study. The mean age was 39 years (18-79) and 48% were female. The mean household size was 4.5 people. The mean score of the subjects was 58.06. Thirty-five percent had less-than-sufficient health literacy, 18.21% had sufficient health literacy, 12.29% had insufficient, and 7.14% had higher health literacy. Education level (P Community assessment showed that older age groups did not have sufficient health literacy. Low economic status accompanied by low levels of literacy makes individuals less motivated to improve their health knowledge and, consequently, leads to low levels of health literacy in Hormuz.

Irritable bowel syndrome is a common gastrointestinal disease which is characterized by abdominal pain and altered bowel habits. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome and its related factors in the general population in Sanandaj in 2013-2014.
This cross-sectional study was conducted in Sanandaj for a period of 12 months, from the summer of 2013 to the summer of 2014. Considering the design effect, a population sample of 430 were selected via random cluster sampling method. ROME III criteria were used for diagnosis of IBS. Logistic regression was used to accomplish the qualitative objectives and multivariate analysis for categorical variables. We used STATA11 software for statistical analysis.
We found a prevalence rate of 10.63% for irritable bowel syndrome in the general population in Sanandaj. Concerning gender distribution, the prevalence rates were 11.5% and 9.96% for males and females respectively, which had no statistically significant difference (OR=1.184, 95% CI=0.574 – 2.439). Although the disease was more prevalent in the patients between 30-40 years of age compared to other age groups, this difference was not statistically significant (OR=0.679, 0.95 CI=0.189, 2.441).
The results of this study showed that the prevalence rate of IBS was higher in Sanandaj city in comparison to other parts of Iran, which can be related to several factors such as diet and lifestyle. Because of the high prevalence of IBS in Sanandaj, we recommend further studies for identification of the causes of this disorder and its exacerbating factors in this city.

Normal menstruation is one of important indicators of the general health of reproductive-aged women. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of menstrual disorders and its related factors.

This cross-sectional study was conducted among women participants of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study, a population-based study aimed identify the prevalence of noncommunicable diseases from March 2013 to 2014. A total of 1393 women, aged 15-49 yr were included and all pregnant, breastfeeding and menopausal women were excluded. Socio-demographic characteristics and menstruation patterns were assessed by a standardized ad-hoc questionnaire. Menstruation was categorized based on last FIGO definitions. Data analyzed using SPSS version 11.0 (SPSS-Inc., Chicago-IL), 0.05 was set as significant level.

Mean age of participants was 37.7 (11) y. The results showed that 64.1% of subjects had normal menstruation and 35.8% experienced different forms of menstrual disorders. Heavy menstrual bleeding was one of the most prevalent disorders (17.2%). Prevalence of menstrual disorders was statistically higher in women <20 yr (47.7%) and ≥40yr (45.5%) than women between the 20-40 yr age range (P=0.001). Irregular menstrual bleeding in >20 yr, heavy menstrual bleeding in 20-40 yr and ≥ 40yr were the most common menstrual disorders. The results remain unchanged for age and BMI after adjustment for potential confounders (OR: 1.08, CI 95%: 1.07-3.97; P<0.03), (OR: 1.05, CI 95%: 1.02-5.04; P<0.04), respectively.

Our findings showed that menstrual disorders are prevalent as one-third of reproductive aged women suffer from one or more menstrual disorders. Understanding the prevalence of menstrual disorders could help health care providers to identify some serious diseases, and prioritize strategies to promote these women’s quality of life.

To determine the mean pupil diameter by the Pentacam in the 40-64 year-old population of Shahroud and its association with some related factors. Three hundred clusters were selected through multistage cluster sampling in the first phase of Shahroud Cohort study of whom 82. 2% participated in the study. Refraction، slit lamp examination، and imaging by the Pentacam were performed for all participants. The pupil diameter obtained by the Pentacam was analyzed. Any history of previous ocular surgery and invalid Pentacam data were the criteria for excluding data from further analysis. After implementing the exclusion criteria، the data of 3820 individuals (59. 3% female) were analyzed. The mean pupil diameter in this study was 2. 74±0. 56 mm (95%CI 2. 72-2. 76). The 25%، 50%، 95% and 97. 5% percentiles of the pupil diameter in the study population were 2. 41، 2. 67، 3. 60 and 3. 85mm، respectively. In this study، the 95% of the normal range of pupil diameter was 1. 63-3. 85mm. In the multiple model، the mean pupil diameter was smaller in men compared to women and decreased significantly with aging (P<0. 001). The mean pupil diameter was significantly larger in myopic versus hyperopic participants (P<0. 001). The pupil diameter was significantly smaller in participants with dark brown irises (P=0. 005). Anisocoria was observed in 9. 43% (95%CI 8. 43-10. 44) of the participants. The pupil diameter in normal individuals by the Pentacam is found to be smaller than other techniques. A cut point of 3. 85mm for the pupil diameter is suggested as the critical criterion for refractive surgery. Moreover، it should be noted that men have a smaller pupil diameter، and that the pupil diameter decreases with aging.

Menstrual disorders encompass a wide range of problems such as menstrual irregularities, dysmenorrhea, poly- and oligomenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of menstrual disorders and factors affecting them among Iranian women in reproductive age. This was a population-based study conducted among women (n=941) aged 18-45 years old. The participants were selected from four provinces using quota stratified cluster sampling. Nine hundred and forty one women were eligible for the study. The most common menstrual disorders in Iranian women were dysmenorrhea (67.5%) and premenstrual syndrome (54.9%), respectively. Some demographic factors such as younger age, married at older ages, as well as celibacy were correlated with the incidence of dysmenorrhea (P<0.5). Higher BMI and higher levels of education had significant relationships with oligomenorrhea and premenstrual syndrome respectively (P<0.5). The result of this study has shown that earlier menarche was significantly associated with the occurrence of menorrhagia. Almost one out of every four Iranian women in the reproductive age suffered from at least one menstrual disorder. Changing lifestyles of women in reproductive age and encourage them to marriage, and counseling and giving adequate information on menstrual disorders can play a main role in reducing the adverse effects of these disorders.

Infertility is a health problem steadily growing throughout the world. Infertility can cause several emotional، economic and social consequences. Accurate and precise estimation of infertility prevalence is necessary to define burden of the disease as well as to assess the need for health care services. This was a population-based study conducted among currently married women (n=888) aged 18-49 years. The participants were selected from four provinces using quota stratified cluster sampling. The custom-designed questionnaire was completed by trained interviewers. The mean age of the women participated in the study was 34. 8±6. 9 years old. The rate of primary، secondary and lifetime infertilities were 21. 1%، 7. 8% and 6. 4%، respectively. The most important cause of primary and secondary infertilities was menstrual dysfunction. The marriage age and education level of women had a significant statistical relationship with primary infertility (after adjustment) (P<0. 5). The prevalence of infertility varies depending on the definition. The socio-demographic factors can influence the prevalence. The high prevalence of infertility threatens women in our country. Providing information about influential factors on infertility can help women who postpone the age for marriage in decision-making on the time of childbearing.

Irritable bowel syndrome is a common functional gastro-intestinal disease. Patients can experience symptoms for many years. These symptoms have significant impact on patient’s quality of life. There is a little information about irritable bowel syndrome in Iran. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome by using the ROME III criteria in the adult population of Tehran province. This study was a community-based cross-sectional survey that was conducted on 18180 adult populations in the North and East or Tehran province from May 2006 to December 2007. Irritable bowel syndrome was diagnosed using a validated questionnaire based on the ROME III criteria. Analysis was done by univariate methods and SPSS software. 15. 3% of participants complained of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms، while the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome was estimated to be 1. 1%. Irritable bowel syndrome patients were more likely to be married، and older. The most common presenting symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome were abdominal pain that were relieved by defecation (94%)، change in fecal consistency (78%)، and change in bowel frequency (70%). Constipation was predominant in 52% of irritable bowel syndrome cases، diarrhea was predominant in 18%، and 8% experienced intermittent diarrhea and constipation. According to these findings، the prevalence of irritable bowel syndrome is relatively low in the Iranian adult population according to the ROME III criteria. The most probable reasons are the specificity of ROME III criteria and the characteristic of population under study. According to this experiment، this questionnaire based on ROME III criteria can be regarded more as a diagnostic tool rather than a screening tool.

Pelvic prolapse is one of the most common disorders with a great impact on women’s quality of life. This study was performed with the aim of developing and evaluating a simple screening method for identification of pelvic organ prolapse among general population of women. In this cross-sectional study, first a pilot study was carried out on 200 women who referred to Reproductive Endocrinology clinic for annual gynecologic examination. The standard Pelvic Floor Disorder Inventory questionnaire was filled up for subjects and their pelvic floor prolapse was assessed using standard pelvic examination. Then, the pelvic organ prolapse screening instrument (POPSI) was developed that contained 4 selected questions. At the second phase of the study, the sensitivity and specificity of the selected questions was evaluated in 954 women who were selected by proportionate cluster sampling. Data was analyzed by SPSS 15 using independent t-test, Chi-square test and logistic regression. Pelvic Floor Disorder Inventory had 45/5% sensitivity and 87/4% specificity in general population for identification of pelvic prolapse. The selected question of “urinary incontinence after laughing, sneezing or coughing” had 40.7% sensitivity and 80% specificity in assessing the pelvic floor prolapse. Although screening based on symptoms is an appropriate choice for investigating women with pelvic prolapse and can facilitate community based studies, it seems that it lacks sufficient sensitivity in general population and have better efficacy in women who are more aware of such disorders and symptoms.

Although in many developed and developing countries, self care is the most important part of primary care, in Iran it has not been supported as well as its values. The aim of this study was to assess the views of general people living in south of Tehran about self care. This was a population based study in which 1200 individuals aged 15 years and over were interviewed using cluster sampling. A structured interview questionnaire which including 5 sections on regarding demographic characteristics, views on general health, views on self care knowledge, interest and practice, views on barrier and enabler factors for self care, and views on sources of information was used. Content validity and cronbach’s alpha coefficient was used for its validity and reliability. Data were analyzed through spss version 11. The mean age of participants was 27.9 ± 5.2 years. Six hundred and fifty eight respondents (55%) stated they were not knowledgeable on self care, 986 (82%) and 1035 (86%), were interested and self rated themselves active regarding healthy life style, respectively. In practice, only fifty three participants (4%) were actually active in eating ≥7 glasses of water daily, 31 (3%) stated they ate more than five portions of fruits daily and 51(4%) did physical activity more than 3 hours weekly. The findings of this study have highlighted the significant role of information in doing self care activities.