جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « مناسب سازی » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Objectives Aging and its associated problems are one of the challenges in the country. This necessitates the need for proper planning during this period. In this regard, the present study was conducted with the aim of fitting the indicators for choosing optimal sports location for the elderly.
Methods & Materials The present study is a descriptive-analytic research that determined the weights of research criteria using a structured interview with eight experts in Analytical Hierarchy Process. In addition, the pools of Karaj (27 cases) were selected as the study population and the elderly people referred to these pools were selected as the research community. A total of 127 elderly were examined using stratified sampling. After weighing the sub-criteria of each research criterion, AutoCAD, Excel, ArcGIS, and Google Earth software were used to create a spatial database.
Results Of the total 127 elder participants, 66% were male, 48% were aged 60-65 years, and 54% spent more than 6 hours a week on sports. According to experts’ opinions, three indicators of accessibility, proximity to other land uses, and safety ranked higher in the field of influencing the selection of sports places. Among the sub-criteria, subway lines and highways for access index; proximity to parks and green spaces and proximity to cultural centers for proximity index; and proper position to health centers and fire centers for safety index had relative importance compared to other sub-criteria.
Conclusion Proximity to other land uses and safety was recognized as important criteria influencing the selection of sports places. By using the results of this research and by correctly locating the sports venues, it is possible to prevent the mistakes in choosing the location of sports facilities.

Objective According to a report published by the World Health Organization in 2011, 15% of the world's population is disabled, which sums up to more than a billion people. People with disabilities comprise the largest group of people in Asia. Communities can facilitate the participation of people with disabilities in society by creating an atmosphere that is appropriate for them, an activity which involves the urban modification of the environment. Therefore, this study aimed at determining the attitude of managers and staff with respect to urban modification for people afflicted with disabilities in the municipality of Tehran city.
Methods & Materials A cross-sectional, descriptive - analytic study that was conducted by cross - sectional method, that was used with the help of a valid and reliable questionnaire “Assessment of attitude of managers and staffs in about urban modification for people with disabilities”. The study population comprised all managers and staffs who were working with urban modification in the municipality of Tehran City. Questionnaires were distributed among 16 managers and experts working in the modification staff of the municipality of Tehran. A total of 162 people working in one of the deputies, were selected by census to participate in the study. This study measured attitude of mangers and staffs were working in the municipality of Tehran, towards urban modification for people with disabilities in Tehran city. The Levene test was used to determine for the equality of variances. To calculate whether there is a statistically significant difference between the means of the two groups, the independent t-test was used carried out. For a comparison between two groups and ANOVA was also used to compare between the groups. Data analyzed by using The findings were evaluated using Software SPSS22.
Results The findings showed that the attitude of 17 (6.9%) mangers and staffs regarding urban modification for people with disabilities was at the intermediate level. The attitude of 112 persons (9.62%) was at high levels and that of 49 persons (27.5%) was at a very good level. The average score of attitudes of manager and staffs who were familiar with disabilities was higher than those who were unfamiliar with disabilities. In addition, the average attitude score of women was better than that of men. The mean score of the attitude of people aged 55 years and older, having a Master's degree and above, and those having 12-17 years of work experience was higher than others. No significant difference was found between the groups with respect to gender (P=0.37) and responsibility (P=0.37). However, there was a significant difference between the two groups with respect to familiarity with disabilities (P=0.01) and education (P=0.001).
Conclusion This study showed that there is a significant difference in the attitude of managers and staff of municipality regarding urban modification. Recruiting people with higher educational qualifications and awareness or familiarity with the phenomenon of disability could help in the process of urban modification in the community. It is recommended to utilize the findings of this study to formulate urban modification programs across communities for the benefit of the disabled.

All citizens have the right of easy access to health and treatment services without any discrimination and irrespective of their physical health status, whereabouts, and their type of illness or time of access to the services. Hospitals and treatment centers are the main and pivotal service centers that must be easily accessible to all people, the fact that is among the most principal objectives of social development and justice. The research in areas of disability services, human respect and esteem among citizens especially those suffering from disabilities are considered of utmost importance which can lead to valuable information in this regard. The present research aims to study the status of access to health and treatment centers and its relation to disability services in the city of Shiraz. The population under study included all public and private health centers in the city of Shiraz in 1392. The number of statistical sample was determined through Cochran formula and from 120 centers. Also, 120 individuals with disabilities including hard of hearings, blinds and those with physical problems residing in Shiraz who referred to these centers were selected in non-probability sampling method. To observe the status of samples' access, a check list whose validity was previously confirmed was used. Also, in order to determine the disabled individuals' views about improvement of conditions as well as providing service in health centers a questionnaire with 10 items was used. The validity of this questionnaire was previously determined. For statistical analysis SPSS 19 and Spearman's Correlational Test was used to compare the relationship among the acquired data. The amount of improvement in 120 centers was calculated 50.55 according to the checklist and opinions of the disabled. In this study and in all aspects, no significant correlation was found between the improvement of health centers and giving services. The correlation between services and parking space, stairs, elevator and other administrative sections was significant (p=0.05). According to the results of this study, the most suitable sections of health centers were elevators, pathways and passages, patients' waiting salon, public furniture, administrative sections, steep levels, rest rooms, gates and windows, stairs, lobby and parking space which had the worst status of improvement. According to the views and opinions of those individuals who filled the disabled questionnaire it can be concluded that elevators had the best improvement status (75.01%) regarding the improvement while parking spaces had the worst situation.

Based on World Health Organization (WHO) report, the prevalence of people with disability is increasing. Community can facilitate the participation of disabled people in the society by providing a suitable modified environment. This study aimed to determine performance of mangers and employers in urban modification for people with disability in the municipality of Tehran. In this descriptive study, data was gathered using two questionnaires of “Assessment of Performance of Managers and Employees in Urban Modification for People With Disability in Municipality of Tehran City” from managers and employees’ point of view. Content validity of the questionnaires were confirmed using Lawasche's method and reliability was determined by Cronbach's alpha coefficient and test- retest method. In total 178 managers and employees were working in modification staff of Tehran Municipality or one of the deputies of architecture, engineering and construction, transportation and traffic of 22 region of Municipality in Tehran City that were selected by census. In addition, 53 people with disability that referred to Red Crescent population or Non-Government Organization of spinal cord disables of Iran that were selected by convenience sampling. Data was analyzed using SPSS/22. Findings showed that 34.8% of people assessed the performance of managers and employees about urban modification in poor level and 29.8% assessed it in the average level. In addition, 54.7% of people with disability mentioned that the performance of managers and employers was poor. In addition, the performance of men managers and employees had better p-value than women (P-V= 0.02). Also, the performance of managers and employees who were familiar with the disability concept was better than those who were not familiar with this concept (P-V= 0.01). Performance of men managers and employees who were familiar with disabilities was better than others in the field of urban modification for people with disability. It is recommended to assess the barriers related to performance promotion of women employees’ and consider strategies to reduce the problems.

This study was done in order to assess the appropriateness of elevators of public/private buildings located in Mazandaran province. This was a cross-sectional study done in summer 2010. Examined buildings were randomly selected when there were many samples, however, all were assessed if were unique or less than 4 such in the cities. A check list was developed according to governmental standards. Content validity was obtained by consultation with experts and consumers. Reliability was tested by "test-re-test" method (using Pearson correlation Coefficient, r 0.77). Thirty five hundreds buildings in 4 categories (educational, health care related, community services, residential and leisure places) were assessed with 4 items regarding the function and services to provide. Items were included: presence of sliding doors, enough space of lift for accommodating at least one wheelchair, appropriate height and place of the order button in/out of the elevator, palpable button for use by blind handicapped. Scales for evaluation were as; existed/none existed. Data entered the SPSS (16) software to analyze. One thousand and three hundreds and ten community service (CS), 1010 residential / leisure places (RLP), 830 health care related buildings (HCR) and 350 educational buildings (EB) were evaluated. In 93% of CS, 94% of RLP, 92% of HCR and 83% of EB, the mentioned criteria were not met. Despite the existence of a dedicated legislation for comply; the vast majority of elevators were not suitable for the disabled. Needed corrections are necessary and essential.