جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « واکسن هپاتیت b » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The aim of this study was to investigate the response rate to the hepatitis B vaccine and the factors affecting it in people with advanced kidney failure undergoing hemodialysis.

This cross-sectional study was conducted from 2019 to 2021 at Ziyaian Hospital in Tehran. For patients undergoing hemodialysis, serum levels of the nutritional, inflammatory, and bone and mineral markers were measured before hepatitis B vaccine injection. They then received hepatitis B vaccine, and 6 months later the serum level of hepatitis B antibody was measured. In case of no immune response to the vaccine, a second injection was given. Then the rate of lack of immune response to the vaccine in the subjects under study was determined and the levels of nutritional, inflammatory, and bone factors were compared between those who responded to the vaccine and those without an immune response.

54 people were included in the study. In the first round of vaccination, 45 people participated, of whom 62.2% responded to the vaccine and 37.8% did not respond. 26 people participated in the second round of vaccination, in which 69.2% (18 people) responded to the vaccine and 30.8% (8 people) did not respond to the second round of the vaccine. In the non-response group to the vaccine, the serum levels of albumin, and cholesterol were significantly lower and the serum level of neutrophils and the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes was significantly higher than in the patients with response to the vaccine.

Inflammatory and nutritional factors can affect the immune response to hepatitis B vaccine. Therefore, it is recommended to check the nutritional status of these patients and encourage them to follow up on the results of the vaccine.

Aims: Vaccination is the only approach to prevent hepatitis B virus infection, But some people do not get a good immune response to the commercial hepatitis B vaccine. The purpose of the present study was to compare the immunization of Iran's Hepatitis B vaccine, vaccine formulated in montanide ISA 720 adjuvant and Fendrix vaccine from GSK company on the Balb/c mice.
In this experimental study, 54 female inbred Balb/c mice were injected in three different formulations of vaccine subcutaneously with two-week intervals. Quantitative amount of IFN-γ, IL-4, and IL-2 cytokines and the IFN-γ/IL-4 ratio from spleen cell culture Supernatant and the anti-HBs Ag antibody level After each injection withBlood sampling were evaluated by ELISA method. Data were analyzed by Graphpad prism 6.1 software via one way analysis of variance.
Findings: The vaccine recipient groups did not show significant differences in IFN-γ, IL-2 cytokines and IFN-γ/ IL-4 ratio (p>0.05). Iranian commercial vaccine significantly increased the cytokine IL-4 in comparison with the Fendrix and HBs-MON720 groups (p0.05).
Cytokine responses in The Fendrix vaccine and HBs-MON720 vaccine are partly similar to the Iran's Hepatitis B vaccine but after two injections, Fendrix and HBs-MON720 vaccine showed a higher antibody response.

Infection with HBV is the most common chronic viral infection and mortality in children. Prevention of this infection with vaccination is vital. This study was done to compare the antibody level in post hepatitis B vaccination in children with 12 months of age.
This descriptive study was carried out on 120 healthy children with 12 months of age who had not infected with hepatitis B infection in Kerman, Iran during 2014. Gender, body weight, birth weight, gestational age were recorded for each child. Hepatitis B antibody level was measured with ELISA method. Data were analyzed using SPSS-16.
Antibody level was high- protective for 81.7% of children, low-responders for 13.3% and no-protective level for 13.3% of children in our study. For 86.9% children over 2500 kg of birth weight the antibody level was highly protective in comparison with 57.1% of fewer than 2500 kg of birth weight. This difference was significant. There was no significantly correlated with gender, bodyweight, and gestational age and antibody level. The family history for hepatitis B infection was negative for all samples.
This study showed that the 95% of children have adequate levels of anti-HBs (≥ 10 IU/L) after vaccination. In addition, immune response was higher in normal birth weight children.

Vaccination is the most common iatrogenic pain in healthy children that medicine should not be ignored. Therefore, any action in order to reduce the injection pain is an important part of health care. Since the order and method of vaccination may also be influenced by the experience of pain, this study aimed to determine the effect of (diphtheria, pertusis, tetanus) vaccine and Hepatitis B injection on pain response amang two-month infants in 1391, referred to health centers in Rafsanjan. The present study was a double-blind randomized controlled field trial. In this study, 160 infants aged 2 months attending Rafsanjan health centers.They are randomly divided into four groups (n = 40). In the first group, the hepatitis B vaccination was administered by standard method, the second group received the same vaccine in pragmatic method, the third group, the DPT vaccine to standard method, and the fourth group, the DPT vaccine in pragmatic method. In all groups the second vaccine was administered as the same way as the first one.Using the Modified Behavioral Pain Scale (MBPS) and a demographic information checklist, the infant’s pain responses were evaluated. Data were analyzed by SPSS18 software. To describe the data, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and ANOVA were used for statistical analysis.Of the 160 infants (51.25%)were male. In terms of weight, height and duration of breast feeding prior to vaccination did not differ between groups. Mean pain scores (MBPS) in group who had first received hepatitis B vaccine in pragmatic method were significantly lower than the other groups(p<0.001). The results showed that pain intensity is less when hepatitis B vaccine was administered in pragmatic method. Therefore, it is recommended vaccinators having regard to the safety order vaccine that causes less pain, as well as a less painful injection method.

Several studies have shown that sucrose intake results in pain relief during painful procedures among neonates. The effect of sucrose intake on intramuscular injection pain have less been studied. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of oral sucrose 30% on pain relief of Hepatitis B vaccine injection in full-term infants. In this triple-blinded clinical trial, 61 infants were selected and randomly allocated into two intervention and control groups. Two minutes before intramuscular injection of Hepatitis B vaccine, infants in the intervention group received 2 ml of oral sucrose 30%. Infants in the control group received the same amount of sterile distilled water orally. Before the injection, immediately, and five minutes after the injection, infants’ pain was assessed using the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale. Finding showed that there were no significant differences between the two groups regarding sex, gestational age, birth weight, mode of delivery, and mean pain severity prior to injection. Pain severity was significantly reduced immediately and five minutes after the injection in the intervention group (p<0/05). Intake of oral sucrose 30% decreased vaccine injection pain. It can be used in clinic.

Prevalence of hepatitis B infection, existence of non-responder populations and the weakness of the classic Alum adjuvant in inducing proper cellular immune responses display the importance of designing more efficient vaccines. Many studies have demonstrated interactions between iron and the immune system. In the present study, we have evaluated the effects of two iron containing structures, ferrous sulphate and AJc-F nano complex on immune response. In this experimental study, female Balb/c mice were injected 3 times with hepatitis B vaccine. The proliferative response of the splenocytes was evaluated using bromodeoxyuridine assay and interleukin-4, interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) levels and total specific antibodies were examined by the ELISA method. Data analysis was done by SPSS software version 18. AJc-F nano complex significantly increased total antibody and cytokine levels compared to ferrous sulfate and control groups. Ferrous sulfate severely decreased total antibody and IL-4 levels compared to control group. Both compounds increased splenocyte proliferation and IFN gamma levels compared to control group. The results show that AJc-F, as an iron-containing nano complex, could efficiently increase humoral and cellular immune responses against hepatitis B vaccine.

Aims and The most common invasive painful procedure during childhood is injective vaccination. Failure to relieve pain causes lack of timely referral for immunization and reduction of vaccine coverage. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of injection order on infant''s pain response after diphtheria، pertussis، and tetanus (DTP) and hepatitis B vaccination. Methods and Materials: In this single-blind clinical trial study، 140 healthy infants with inclusion criteria at the age of 2 months referred to health centers of Zahedan city، Iran، during 2012 were randomly divided into two groups of control and intervention. In the control group، first the DTP vaccine and later، the hepatitis B vaccine were injected and in the intervention group، the order was vice versa. Using the Modified Behavioral Pain Scale (MBPS) and a demographic information checklist، the infant''s pain response was evaluated. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and independent t-test via SPSS15 software. The mean pain score after injecting hepatitis B vaccine was significantly less in the intervention group (7. 12 ± 0. 91) than injecting DTP vaccine in the control group (7. 70 ± 0. 62) (P = 0. 001). The mean total pain score was significantly lower in the intervention group (7. 59 ± 0. 83) compared with the control group (8. 27 ± 0. 62) (P = 0. 010). According to results of this study، to decrease pain during multiple immunizations in infants، injecting hepatitis B vaccine first and then، the DTP vaccine could be done.

Hepatitis B vaccination has been conducted in neonates in the routine vaccination in Iran since 1993. This study was carried out to evaluate the serum hepatitis B antibody level in vaccinated children after 14 years in Kashan، Iran.

This prospetive cohort study was conducted on 200 fourteen-year-old children which were selected via a simple random sampling method in Kashan، Iran drung 2008-09. This subjects were have been vaccined according to the govermental guildline at 0، 2 and 6 months old. Two ml blood specimens were obtained from children and serum hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) and hepatitis B core antibody (anti-HBc) were determined by ELISA method. Immunity was interpreted as anti-HBs≥10 IU/L. Data were analyzed using SPSS-13، Chi-Square and Fisher’s exat tests.

92% girls and 95% boys، totally 187 (93. 5%) children had serum anti-HBs≥10 IU/L. Anti-HBc was positive in 3 (3%) girls and 5 (5%) boys، totally 8 (4%) which all of them had serum anti-HBS≤10 IU/L. No case of positive HBs Ag was detected. Immunity was detected in 11 of 18 (61. 1%) children with birth weight<2. 5 kg and in 176 of 182 (96. 7%) children with birth weight≥2. 5 kg (P<0. 05).

The immunity following the complete series (0، 2، 6 months old) of hepatitis B vaccination remained detectable after 14 years.

Hepatitis B is one of the most prevalent chronic and persistent hepatitis infections which may lead to chronic hepatitis and hepato-cellular carcinoma. Since hospital personnel are more susceptible to hepatitis B this study was done to determine the relation between number of hepatitis B vaccinations and the presence of anti HBS antibody in personnel working in a large hospital in Tehran.

This was a cross-Sectional study conducted in 2010 on 530 personnel working in Khatam-ol-Anbiya Hospital. Blood samples were collected from the subjects selected through convenience sampling and the level of anti-HBS antibody checked: antibody levels >10 mIU/ml were considered to be protective.

Antibody levels were less than the stated cut-off in 78 individuals, (14.7%). Mean antibody levels were 9.5 mIU/ml in the 27 unvaccinated persons; 86.6 mIU/ml in 7 individuals who had received the vaccine only once; 160 mIU/ml in the 32 who had been vaccinated twice; 192 mIU/ml after 3 doses of the vaccine in 276 persons and in the 58 subjects who had received >3doses, the mean level of the antibody was 321 mIU/ml, (p=0.001).

Anti-HBS antibody levels show a significant rise after repeated vaccinations.

Phlebotomy is one of the main components of the Islamic medicine, which is still in use for the purpose of treatment of fever and inflammatory diseases. Although it has been effective in treatment of a wide spectrum of diseases, its mechanism of action is not still accurately determined. One hypothesis in this regard proposes that phlebotomy modulates immune system. Thus, we have evaluated the probable effect of phlebotomy on immune system modulation by measuring the serum level of hepatitis B antibody after hepatitis B vaccination. In the study, two groups (experiment and control) each consisted of 25 young male volunteers in the age range of 18-25 were evaluated. The participants of the two groups received hepatitis B vaccine twice, with one month interval. The experiment group participants also underwent phlebotomy one time. The hepatitis B antibody titer was measured three times (before, one month after, and three months after vaccination) using ELISA in IU/L. The results showed that the antibody level increase to 81.3 and 57.46 IU/L one and three months, respectively, in the control group, while the level in the experiment group was 41.3 and 16.26 IU/L one and three months after vaccination, respectively. In spite of the lower increase in antibody titer of the experiment group after three months, the difference was not statistically significant.Discussion and Immunization with hepatitis B vaccine led to an increase in specific antibody production in both groups. It seems that phlebotomy in men of this age range does not affect the level of antibody production.

Introduction & Hepatitis B is a recent century disease. Estimated that exist more than 350 million persons suffering from this disease in worldwide. Also hepatitis B is a serious health problem and is among the 10 leading causes of death in Iran. This study aims is to identify the antibody titer hepatitis B in Hamedan's nursing and midwifery students as an alternative preventive measure against HBV infection in 2006. A cross-sectional study was conducted to the immunologic status against hepatitis B virus in nursing and midwifery students who received three time vaccination at least four months before this study. Fifty students were randomly enrolled in this study. The tool of data collection was questionnaire and anti-HBs titer. Data were analyzed using SPSS statistical software. It was found that 66% of students achieved high level, 28% moderate level. There was no statistically significant relationship between immunity level of students and their weight, sex and age. The prevention is an important matter in public health. Active immunization is an effective method to prevent HBV infection in high risk groups especially in nursing and midwifery students. Identify antibody titer for hepatitis B immunity in high risk groups recommended.

Introduction & The risk of developing chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) is 5% in general population but can reach up to 20% in HIV patients. The response rate to HBV vaccine in HIV infected patients is 23.8-56 percent. The aim of this study was to evaluate response of HIV-infected patients to 20 µg dose of recombinant HBV vaccine. In this quasi experimental study, 51 subjects, sampled through census, were HIV patients who had HBsAg negative test in HIV/AIDS counseling and care center. Patients were vaccinated with 20 µg of recombinant HBV vaccine, IM at intervals of 0, 1 and 6 months. Response to the vaccine was checked 2 months after the last injection. Data were analyzed with SPSS software, using descriptive statistics and nonparametric tests. The mean age of the patients was 33.68±8.37 years. Two patients were female (3.9%) and 49 patients were male (96.1%). Mean of hepatitis B antibody level was 47.55±71.58 mIU/ml. The levels of antibody in different patients were as follow: 31 patients (60.8%) <10 mIU/ml and 20 patients (39.2%)> 10 mIU/ml. There was no significant correlation between antibody levels and CD4+ cell count (correlation coefficient = -0.191). Response to hepatitis B vaccination is low in HIV infected patients. Conventional dose of HBV vaccine is not enough to get protective immunity. Therefore, two-fold dose of vaccine dose, repeat of conventional dose or increasing of interval administration of hepatitis B vaccine should be considered in future studies.

Zinc deficiency causes abnormalities in immune response. In chronic hemodialysis (HD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients, impaired immune responses to vaccination have been reported. Therefore, we performed a study to determine the correlation between serum zinc levels and immune response to hepatitis B vaccination in patients on dialysis.

A cross-sectional study including 95 CRF patients on dialysis (70 HD and 25 CAPD), (63 male and 32 female) with three dose regimens of vaccination against HBV was performed.

Four months after vaccination, there were 34 (36%) patients with sufficient HBs Antibody response (HBs Ab≥ 10 mU/mL ) and 61 ( 64% ) patients with insufficient HBs antibody response( HBs Ab< 10mU/mL ). The mean serum zinc level was 23.35±3.87 micmol/L (13.20-33 micmol/L). The mean serum zinc concentration was significantly higher in patients with sufficient HBs antibody level than patients with insufficient HBs antibody levels ( 24.94±4.17 versus 22.15±3.46, P= 0.005 ). In logistic regression analysis, independent variables that correlated with sufficient HBs Ab level ≥ 10 mU/mL included higher mean serum zinc level [OR=1.44 (1.02-2.02), P=0.006 ] and female gender [OR=1.8 (1.01-4.01), P=0.048] . Factors found to be insignificant included type of dialysis, age, diabetes mellitus as a cause of ESRD, serum creatinine and albumin levels.

We conclude that failure to respond to HBV vaccination is significantly related to a low levels of serum zinc. However, clinical trial studies should be performed in order to confirm this finding.

Background and The aim of the present study was to identify the true extent of non-responsiveness in children vaccinated against Hepatitis B virus (HBV) ten years ago at birth whom were serologically susceptible to HBV,and had poor antibody response to booster HBV vaccine. Twenty low-and non-responding 11.5 years old children recuited in by another study received three additional doeses of HB vaccine 4-6 weeks apart. Anti-HbS antibody titers were assessed before and 4-6 weeks after each dose of vaccine by using ELISA method. All children showed anamnestic antibody responses after receiving the first additional dose of vaccine. There was no significant differences between the mean concentration of antibody after the first, second and third doses of vaccine. Study results showed that those children who did not respond to booster does of the HB vaccine may not be real non-responder.HB vaccine at infancy induces long-time immunologic memory which provides seroprotection by exposure to HBs-Ag.

Regarding the admitted cases at early infancy in Tabriz Pediatrics Medical Center, this research was carried out to determine the role of Hep.B. vaccination in the incidence of ITP. We studied all patients’ admission files in Tabriz Pediatrics Center from 1993 to 2002. The patients were under 6 months of age and hospitalized with the impression of ITP. There were 25 infants whose ITP was diagnosed upon their clinical findings, blood counts and bone marrow aspiration and confirmed by exclusion of other causes of thrombocytopenia. Hep. B. vaccination has been included in routine immunization in Iran since 1993. In order to compare the incidence rate of ITP before and after 1993, we also sought all ITP patients’ files at the same age group who had been admitted to Tabriz Pediatrics Center during the decade before the beginning of routine Hep.B. vaccination (i.e. 1982 to 1992). This study shows a considerable increase in incidence of ITP in infants under 6 months of age between 1993 asnd 2002 compared to the decade before the beginning of Hep.B.vaccination, which is statistically significant (P=0.0029). Although there is no facility to measure antibodies in Iran and many other countries, and this is one of the reasons for lack of proof for existence of a relationship between vaccination and ITP incidence, the study of cases in two different periods may strengthen the role of Hep.B. vaccination in the occurrence of ITP at early infancy.

Hepatitis B virus(HBV) is a major cause of viral hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer worldwide and it is estimated to cause one million death worldwide annually. This virus is the second hazardous carcinogen in the world after smoking. According to WHO report 37% of the people in the world are infected by HBV. Healthcare workers(HCWs) are one of the high risk groups in affecting and transmission of Hepatitis B(HB) and also there is high probability of HBV transmission from HCWs to general population. The best way of preventing hepatitis B is three-dose vaccination schedule. Thus, we decided to determine Anti-HBs titer among HCWs in Firoozgar Hospital in Tehran. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 102 HCWs of Firoozgar Hospital including faculty members, residents, interns, students, nurses and clerks were selected and enrolled through convenience sampling. All participants had to complete three-dose vaccination schedule. After blood sampling the samples were transferred to Firoozgar Hospital labarotary. Checklist was consisted of age, sex, marriage status, occupational group, history of smoking and alcohol abuse, chronic renal and hepatic failure, diabetes, marriage age and duration after the last dose of vaccine. Statistical analysis was done with SPSS 11.5 software. Some statistical tests such as t, Chi2, Levene’s KS, one way ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient were also used. Frequency, mean, SD and SEM indexes were applied to report statistical information. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Multiple linear regression model was used to predict effecting factors on Anti-HBs titer. 102 Anti-HBs titers of HCWs were determined and the mean was 70.43(95% CL, 57.02-83.84). Also, Anti-HBs titers of 30 individuals(29.4%) were less than 10 mIU/ml and 72 individuals(70.6%) were equal or more than 10mIU/ml. There was a significant statistical correlation between Anti-HBs titer and age and duration after the last dose of vaccine(P<0.05). The permanent response time to HB vaccine is not clearly definite. Following-up for complete three-dose injection, vaccination before or at the onset of working in this centers and effecting factors influencing response to HB vaccine should be attended. HCWs who are one of the high risk groups in affecting and transmission of HBV, are recommended to determine their Anti-HBs titer after three-dose vaccination.