جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "پسماند عفونی" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Waste from health-care facilities is important because of its major role in the spread of various diseases as well as environmental pollutants. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to assess the performance of Non-Incineration waste decontamination devices in hospitals. The present study set out to assess the performance of non-combustible non-hazardous waste decontamination devices in hospitals covered by Khoy University of Medical Sciences in 2020-2021.

The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in in all hospitals of Khoy city in 2020-2021. In this research, the necessary information and data has been extracted through direct observation and interviews with officials and environmental health experts of hospitals. The performance of the devices has been evaluated in term of physical and biological parameters. Mechanical performance was assessed by thermometers and device registers, and a biological indicator vial was used to assess their biological performance. Data were analyzed using SPSS & Excel softwares.

The average total waste production in Khoy hospitals was estimated to be 731.65 kg/day. This parameter in terms of waste production active bed per day was 1.32 kg. In the all studied hospitals, Non-Incineration waste decontamination devices had a favorable performance in terms of mechanical (100%) and biological concerns (100%).Devices had a favorable performance in terms of mechanical (100%) and biological properties. (100%).

Non-Incineration waste decontamination devices whit hydroclave technology in the studied hospitals can be considered as the most suitable if operated by skilled and capable operators due to their proper performance in terms of mechanical and biological parameters, lower pollution production, as well as lower safety costs. This technology have a higher selection score as the most appropriate option among different technologies of infectious waste management.

There are various methods for the disinfection of infectious wastes which are of great importance due to their potential health and environmental risks and there are different insights about their management in Iran. Hence, the aim of this study was to survey the various aspects of disinfection methods of infectious waste on the basis of environmental health specialist insights. For performing this study, a questionnaire was prepared and the opinions of the specialists were gathered about five disinfection and disposal methods of infectious wastes, and finally the data were analyzed. Moreover, the preferences of the specialists for selecting each method were also asked based on 9 various aspects. It was found that health issues received the highest priority (with 26% of desirability) from the specialists in selecting the method, while the lowest priority was assigned for financial issues (with 8% of desirability) and political acceptability (with 6% of desirability). Environmental health specialists believed that autoclaving and waste incinerating with 77.8% and 44.1% of desirability, respectively, are the most favorable and undesirable methods for disinfecting the infectious wastes. The results showed that the disinfection is a top priority for the specialists, and, with respect to current situation, they did not make any significant difference between on-site and ex-situ disinfecting methods, which is reflected in the scores of 3.65 and 3.72 for these two scenarios. Overall, health aspects have the most important priority in the management of infectious wastes. Therefore, autoclaving and microwaving are the most appropriate methods for the disinfection of such wastes. Landfilling and incineration were not suggested for the disposal or treatment of infectious wastes.

Among the medical wastes, dental wastes have a high diversity and due to its high contents of hazardous, toxic, and pathogenic agents, therefore these wastes are of great importance. The aim of this study was to investigate and analyze the amount of waste produced in dentistry offices in Birjand. In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 48 dental offices in the city of Birjand were studied. Sampling was carried out by environmental health experts in three consecutive working days (Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday) from every center. The Samples were divided into 5 categories such as semi-domestic, infectious, chemical-pharmaceutical, toxic and sharp material, Separated and weighed using a laboratory scale. Information was expressed as percentage by weight. Based on the results, the total amount of waste produced in dental offices in Birjand was 7848.02 kg / year. percentages of semi-domestic, infectious, chemical-pharmaceutical, sharp material, and toxic wastes were 54.3%, 29.7%, 11.8%, 3.9% and 0.11% respectively. Considering the high volume of dental waste, especially infectious and hazardous materials, the need for separation and recycling in the office is evident. It is necessary to manage the wastes and their separation and recycling in source place

Increase in amount and variety of healthcare wastes is one of the most important problems affecting human health and environment. Due to the infectious effects of these wastes, accurate management of them in the healthcare centers is essential. The aim of this study was to determine the quantity and quality of the wastes generated in the healthcare centers of Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad province, Iran, in 2015. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad province. Samples were taken from 432 healthcare centers in the province through census method. Three samples were taken from the affiliated units of Yasuj (capital city of Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad province) University of Medical Science in one year, and the average weight of them was considered as final weight. Data were analyzed using SPSS and Excel software. Findings: Total wastes generated in the affiliated units of Yasuj University of Medical Science were 1186.26 kg/day. Ordinary waste, sharp waste, infectious waste, chemical waste, radiological waste, and pathological waste were 80.86%, 1.50%, 16.09%, 0.71%, 0.36%, and 0.44%, respectively. Healthcare centers in Boyerahmad and Choram counties had the highest and the lowest amount of infectious and sharp wastes, respectively. Due to the relatively high volume of infectious wastes in the provincial centers (more than 16%), it is essential to equip the centers with devices which treat the infectious and sharp wastes

One of the sources of municipal wastes is hospitals and health centers. At present in Iran, details regarding the quantity and quality of wastes generated in health centers are not available and specialists are facing many unknowns in planning, systematic and accurate management of wastes generated in these centers.
Material & This cross sectional-exploratory and applied study was accomplished in 25 health centers in south of Tehran during 2012-15. In this study, weights and volumes of regular and infectious wastes have been determined in health centers with evaluation of the 250 checklist set during different seasons by environmental health experts.
Waste capitation per each person has been determined 41 gr, of which 22.5 gr and 18.6 gr belong to the regular and infectious wastes, respectively. The volume of produced regular and infectious wastes was also 0.07 and 0.056 (L/person/day), correspondingly. The density of the infectious and regular wastes was 329 and 320 (Kg/m3), in that order.
The amount of waste generated in health-care centers is much lower than that is able to be a serious challenge for the waste management of these centers regarding the type of their activity, being usually administrative and educational. Appropriate waste separation and not mixing of infectious and regular wastes need to be provided training and greater supervision. The best performance of waste management system in these centers was the safe and accurate disposal of sharp wastes in Safety boxes.

Backgrounds & Improper management of infectious waste cause environmental pollution and transmission of diseases through contact of susceptible groups with this type of waste. Due to mismanagement of infectious waste, development and improving the current management system are necessary. The aims of this study were to investigate the current status of infectious waste management in imam-khomeini hospital complex in Tehran and suggesting appropriate managerial solutions.
This descriptive cross-sectional study was implemented from March to June 2014 in imam-khomeini hospital complex, Tehran. Th required data were collected using a questionnaire approved by World Health Organization for hospital waste management through field survey. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS softwares.
The average infectious waste generated in imam-khomeini hospital complex was 1380 kilogram per day. The average of waste produced in summer was significantly higher than those in spring (p According to the results, the high percentage of infectious waste indicates many problems in segregation stage. In order to solve this problem, implementation of training programs is highly recommended for hospital personnel to promote personnel awareness on proper waste segregation.

Due to the crucial role of dental solid waste in the spreading of pathogens and threats to human health and the environment, its optimal management is very important.
This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The study population consisted of 40 dental centers, from among which 11 dental centers were selected through random sampling. From each center, 3 samples were collected during 3 successive days (Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday). These materials were divided into 5 categories of pathologic, chemical-pharmaceutical, infectious, semi-domestic, and sharp material, then, they were weighted using a laboratory scale. In order to assess the dental waste material management method, a 25-item checklist was used.
Findings: The maximum and minimum average weights were that of infectious waste (1920 g) and pathological waste (32 g), respectively. The maximum averaged weight per capital was related to infectious waste (43 g) and chemical-pharmaceutical waste (23.15 g), respectively. The maximum seasonal rate of waste per capita was that of infectious waste (60%) and chemical-pharmaceutical waste (21%), respectively.
The present study showed that in most of the studied centers, no plan existed for the reduction of waste production. Regarding the optimal management of solid waste, it is suggested that, in addition to teaching dentists to reduce, separate, and recycle the waste within their offices, the collection, transportation, and disposal of each component of the wastes should be performed separately and in accordance with the guidelines.

Because of crucial role in the prevalence of diseases and health threats for human and the environment، optimal management of health care centers'' different types of solid wastes is very important. This study was done with the aim to determine the management status، the quantity and physical analysis of solid wastes in selected health care centers in one of the military forces. In this cross-sectional study، the management status of solid wastes was evaluated by a reliable and valid self-made checklist. The waste''s quantity was determined by weighing and doing physical analysis with the aid of trained personnel. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software and t-test. Solid wastes management status of household، infectious، dental and sharp wastes was evaluated undesirable in A clinic، and in B clinic، it was evaluated as; moderate، weak، undesirable and desirable، respectively. Mean of per capita total solid wastes in two clinics A and B was 24. 99 and 28. 97 (g/day) and per capita sharp waste was 1. 89 and 2. 17 (g/day) and per capita dental waste was 149. 58 and 159. 09 (g/day)، respectively. The only significant mean difference between two clinics was the per capita sharp waste (P<0. 05). According to results of this study، solid waste management status in selected health care centers was not desirable. Health promotion of personnel and improvement of the sanitary status in these clinics are dependent on staff training، serious attention to optimal management of different types of solid wastes، observance of health regulations، and also official support of authorities.

Dental wastes are one of the environmental issues which are of great importance due to having hazardous, toxic, and pathogenic agents such as infectious, medical, chemical, and toxic wastes. The objective of this study was to determine the quality, quantity, and management of dental wastes in 4 dental clinics in Tehran.
In this cross-sectional descriptive study, the study area was consisted of 4 dental clinics in west, center, east, and north of Tehran city. Overall, 195 samples were taken. Then, the wastes were manually segmented and divided into 36 parts. In continue they were weighted using a laboratory scale. In order to examine the current state and the implementation process of hazardous dental waste management, we applied a checklist technique which was containing 54 questions.
According to the obtained scores, management quality of 3 clinics was proved to be at an average level and only clinic number 4 was perfectly managed. The capita percentage for infectious waste except for clinic 1, which was 50%, was 48% for all clinics. The capita percentage for chemical-pharmaceutical waste except for clinic 1, which was 36%, was 48% for all clinics. The amount of toxic waste for each clinic was 13%. The averages of infectious, toxic and chemical-pharmaceutical wastes were 187.09 ± 9.81, 48.38 ± 1.4, and 147± 4.33 g per capita per day, respectively.
Considering the existence of different types of materials with different components and various features in dental wastes, their optimal management must be done based on their specific features which are include plans for generation reduction, segmentation, separation, and recycling of these wastes.

Today, one of the most important environmental issues is dental solid wastes that because of the presence of hazardous, toxic and pathogen agents have special importance. In this study, solid waste produced in Shahroud general dental offices was studied. In this descriptive study, all dental offices in Shahrood were selected. From each office 3 samples were analyzed at the end of successive working days (Monday, Tuesday and Wednesday). Samples were manually sorted into different 64 components and by means of laboratory scale were measured. Then, measured components were classified on the basis of characteristic and hazardous potential as well as material type. Total annual waste produced in dental offices in Shahrood is 2425.48 kg. Production percentages of infectious, domestic type, chemical and pharmaceutical, and toxic wastes were 46.0%, 43.8%, 9.2% and 1.0%, respectively. For the proper management of dental waste, it is suggested that in addition to educating dentists in waste reduction, separation and recycling inside the offices, each section of dental waste be managed separately and according to related criteria.

Aims. This study was to determine the status of waste production in one of the hospitals of Tehran, in order to identify the sources and methods of reducing produced waste. Methods. This is an intervention field study. Effective procedures of produced waste reduction were carried out and their effects were followed. Data was collected by direct vision and filling checklists by questioners and was analyzed by SPSS13. Results. Separating and separate collection of general and infectious hospital wastes were done in 96% of wards by 10% of cooperation among doctors and 40% of cooperation among nurses. From the most effective ways of reducing hospital waste production was the necessity of existance of a purchasing pattern, warehousing, distribution and consumption of items and equipment and supplies with emphasize to produced waste reduction proportionated to the needs of the hospital. Prevention of items wasting and appropriate usage of them, clean recycling in production source, reforming the pattern of services and using the best quality accessories and equipment was from the other effective factors on reduction of waste producing. Success of these factors depends on policy support and monitoring of health. Despite of the 10% increasing number of patients admitted during the study than a year before, the waste production was reduced 20%. Conclusion. By performing simple programs in hospital, waste production can be controled and reduced. Reducing the cost of hospital waste management and reduction of its bioenvironmental dangers were also attained by identifying and performing economic and technical methods of produced waste reduction or elimination.