جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « پلاسبو » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a disease that involves an individual's central nervous system and can affect many aspects of his/her life. This study was conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of fingolimod compared to placebo in the treatment of relapsing MS.

A detailed research was carried out on Medline, Web of Sciences, the Cochran Library, Embase, and Scopus databases within January-December 2020. The studies were evaluated regarding the effectiveness of the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) and the safety of complications. A random model with a 95% confidence interval was used for data analysis. To evaluate the heterogeneity of the studies I2 test was used in this research. The Cochrane risk of bias tool checklist was applied to assess the quality of the study methodology.

The results indicated that in 3 and 1 studies fingolimod was used at a dose of 1.25 and 0.5 mg, respectively. Based on the findings, the use of fingolimod at a dose of 0.59 mg was effective in improving patients. The patients receiving fingolimod 1.25 mg were more likely to have lymphopenia than patients taking placebo.

Finally, the findings of this study showed that the use of fingolimod was effective on the EDSS index, compared to placebo. Doctors can use this drug to improve EDSS and the quality of life of patients.

Drug dependence is one of the biggest problems all over the world. Health custodians have suggested many ways to quit smoking. One of these ways is to stop the drug from taking alternative medicines. Various drugs, such as herbs and chemists, are used to stop the drug and to treat symptoms associated with it. Some herbal medicines have less side effects and are equally effective than chemical drugs such as methadone that cause liver failure. One of these herbs is the dried root of barberry.

The aim of this study was to reduce the daily dose of methadone to reduce its side effects and supplement barberry.

This study was a double-blind clinical trial that was conducted on clients referred to addiction treatment centers in Sabz. Of the eligible individuals, 40 were randomly selected and randomly assigned (two groups of 20). Patients were all in the stage of treatment stability (methadone and methadone dose on a weekly basis). The intervention group was treated with methadone syrup and barberry self-made capsules and the control group received methadone and placebo syrup for 2 months.

The findings of the study showed that there was a significant difference between the effectiveness of Barberry compared with placebo on pain, diarrhea, temptation, nasal congestion caused by drug withdrawal (P < 0.001). However, no significant difference was seen between the two groups in terms of effect on anorexia induced cracks.

Barberry extract can be complementary to methadone to help reduce the symptoms of a withdrawal syndrome.

Endometriosis is an estrogen dependent disease that causes endometriosis associated chronic pelvic pain (EACCP) in women with endometriosis via severe inflammatory reactions. Melatonin, as an antioxidant analgesic agent, seems to play a significant role in pain relief in endometriosis. This research was performed to investigate the efficacy of Melatonin on pelvic pain relief in women with endometriosis. In this randomized triple-blind trial, 40 women with EACCP score≥7 participated in the study. The participants were randomized into melatonin and control groups. Melatonin group (n=20) received 5 mg melatonin for 8weeks. Control group (n=20) received placebo with the same characteristics as melatonin for the same duration. Pain score was recorded before treatment, and at the end of both the first and the second 4-week periods. Data were analyzed with SPSS.ver22. There was no statistically significant difference in dysmenorrhea pain score between control and treatment groups, at the beginning of study; while after 8weeks, pain score were significant different between control (5.86±0.99) and treatment groups (3.95±1.57). There was no statistically significant difference in EACCP score, at the beginning, between control and treatment groups. After 8weeks, pain score was significantly higher in control group (5.57±1.02) compared to treatment group (3.57±1.60). Moreover, highly significant reduction in analgesic agents’ consumption was observed in treatment group compared to control group. Regarding results, it is concluded that melatonin in comparison with placebo, considerably alleviates EACCP and dysmenorrhea, and reduces analgesic agents’ consumption.

Aims and Postoperative shivering after general anesthesia and spinal anesthesia is a common side effect. Besides, there are several medical methods to relieve shivering. Still on the issue of which method is most appropriate for patients after surgery, there is some controversy. The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of Dexamethasone in reduction of post-operative shivering after elective surgery in the city of Ilam. This study is a randomized double blind clinical trial on patients admitted for elective surgery to Imam Khomeini hospital during summer 1392, in Ilam. The inclusion criteria were: age between 18 to 55 years, and ASA class 1 and 2 with no underlying disease. Otherwise, and in the case of patient's dissatisfaction they were excluded from this study 60 patients of both sexes were randomly divided into two groups with a ratio of 1:1. An anesthesiologist injected placebo for the first group and 15 mc/kg Dexamethasone for the second one, after induction of anesthesia and before the incision..At the end of surgery, the frequency and the intensity of shivering among the two groups in the recovery room was examined by technicians who were unaware of the type of administered drug. In this study, 61.7% of patients were female. The most frequent degree of shivering intensity was grade 1 while grade 2 and 6 had the minimum frequency. There was no significant difference regarding gender and the type of drug administered (P value = 0.79). Also no significant relationship between the type of surgery and the anti-shivering drug was found (P value = 0.59). Our findings showed no significant difference regarding shivering control, between the Dexamethasone and the placebo groups

Pain control in dentistry especially endodontics is particularly important. Endodontic pain following root canal therapy (RCT) of vital teeth is closely correlated with inflammatory reactions. Increased level of prostaglandins has been reported in acute inflammatory reactions. Thus, cyclooxygenase-inhibiting drugs have a significant effect on reducing pain and inflammation. COX enzyme has two isoforms of COX-1 and COX-2. The conventional anti-inflammatory drugs inhibit both isoforms. In the recent years, COX-2 specific inhibitors have been the subject of extensive investigations. These inhibitors block the pain-inducing inflammatory mediators that are mostly derived from COX-2. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of prophylactic Celecoxib and a placebo in reducing post-endodontic pain using Visual Analog Scale (VAS). This double blind clinical trial was conducted on 30 patients with a mean age of 18 to 57 yrs. complaining of severe pain based on VAS. The subjects were randomly assigned to two groups of 400mg Celecoxib and the placebo. Drugs were administered 30 min prior to root canal therapy. Patients were asked to keep a pain diary and mark their degree of pain on a VAS chart before the initiation of treatment, immediately after treatment and at 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 hours post-treatment. No significant difference was found between the analgesic effects of prophylactic Celecoxib and the placebo in any of the understudy time points (P>0.05). Considering the absence of a significant difference between the two groups, prophylactic Celecoxib is not recommended for post-endodontic pain reduction especially in cases with gastrointestinal (GI) problems.

Dysmenorrhea or painful menstruation is seen in about 50% of women in reproductive age. It is the most common gynecologic complaint of young women and is one of the most common causes of sick leave; therefore finding a safe treatment for its control, has long been a concern. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the effect of vitamin E on the reduction of pelvic pain in women suffering from primary dysmenorrhea and to compare its effect with placebo. A double blind randomized clinical trial was performed on 140 women suffering from primary dysmenorrhea. These women were randomly assigned into two groups and finally 94 women finished the study. In the case group (n= 42) Vitamin E was prescribed as a dose of 400 IU daily starting 2 days before the beginning of menstruation and continuing for 3 days (total duration of 5 days), for two consecutive cycles. In the control group (n=52) a placebo was prescribed which was completely similar to Vitamin E pearls in shape, color, taste and smell. Pain severity was evaluated using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for one month before the study and during the 2 months of study. The pain severity during these cycles was then compared using SPSS V.15, t-test, Chi square and pair t-tests were used for analysis. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups according to blood group, age, family history of dysmenorrhea, educational status, and BMI (body mass index). The mean pain severity before the study did not show any significant difference between the two groups (7.15± 1.75 in the case group and 7.47±1.82 in the control group, p=0.3). Pain severity one month (p=0.001) and two months (p=0.001) after treatment with placebo showed significant reduction as compared to that of " before treatment". Similarly pain severity one month (p=0.001) and two months (p=0.001) after treatment with Vitamin E showed significant reduction as compared to that of " before treatment"; thus both conditions led to a decrease in dysmenorrhea. Pain severity during the first month of the study was 5.41 ±2.4 in the case group and 5.76±2.08 in the control group (p=0.1); and 4.73±1.89 and 5.35±2.05 in the case and control groups, respectively during the second month of the study (p=0.6), not showing significant difference.The mean reduction of pain in the case group (-2.7±2.1) was more than the control group (-1.8±2.4), during the second month of the study (p=0.04), showing significant difference. Therefore Vitamin E can lower the pain severity of dysmenorrhea more than placebo. Vitamin E and placebo both may reduce the pelvic pain of dysmenorrhea, but vitamin E can cause a more significant reduction. With regard to its safety, the study indicates that it can be a simple and safe option for the treatment of dysmenorrhea.

As gag reflex is considered as a complication during the most of the dental procedures, developing new techniques have always been a task for clinicians to overcome the problem. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of salt (Nacl) to temporarily eliminate the gag reflex during intraoral radiography.Method & Materials: A group of 256 patients (128 male, 128 female) were selected who had history of gag reflex from those reffered to Dental Radiology department a Kerman University. Patients were devided into two groups. During The course of this study of case who used salt, and control group who used starch (as Placebo). Salt was poured on anterior 2/3 of the tonque, five seconds before taking the dental radiograph. The same procedure was accomplished wihth starch for the second group. In case of an elimination of gag reflex after pouring salt or starch, the subject will be recorded as positive responder, other wise as negative. Among 128 patients who were examined with salt, 113 individuals showed a positive respond (88.3%). While, among 128 patients who were examined with starch only 3 individuals showed a positive respond (2.3%). A possitive effect of NaCl could be concluded to relief the gag reflex based on the results of this study.