جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "پلی ساکارید" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Reishi mushroom (Ganoderma lucidum) is a unique medicinal mushroom that has been used for the treatment of various diseases in Asian countries for more than 4 thousand years. Today, this mushroom is also used in treatments related to traditional medicine. In addition to its diverse biological properties, its positive effects in improving the quality of the skin and treating skin diseases have attracted the attention of researchers. Polysaccharides and triterpenes are among the most important and effective metabolites of this mushroom, which are important in skin treatment and health due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions. This review summarizes the latest research achievements on the role of this mushroom in skin health and treatment. A number of studies have shown that the extracts of Reishi mushroom can accelerate wound healing, relieve post-burn infections, and prevent skin flaps due to ischemia (re-perfusion) damage. The effect of Reishi mushroom extracts on the prevention and treatment of wrinkles and the effect on skin whitening has made them a natural ingredient for skin care. Also, studies conducted on the effects of Reishi mushroom in the treatment of some skin diseases such as atopic dermatitis (eczema), cutaneous sarcoidosis, and the potential use of this mushroom in the treatment of skin cancer have been discussed.

Marine algae contain bioactive compounds that produce a variety of metabolites. These metabolites have diverse biological activities. Fucoidan is a polysaccharide of sulfates produced by algae, and its biological activity has been studied extensively. Fucoidan is a sulfate-rich poly-saccharide containing a variety of compounds including, galactose, zylose, glucuronic acid and fucose.

Fucoidan has therapeutic properties that increase their healing properties with their degree of sulfation. Anticancer, antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and adjuvant properties in many species of algae have been proven to have an effect on cell proliferation and cellular regimens and the regulation of various metabolic pathways.

This polysaccharide has beneficial effects on human health and therefore is used in cosmetics, food and pharmaceutical industries. Non Toxicity is an important feature of Fucoidan, which is used as a confident structural compound that is a product of safety for consumption.

Today, a variety of Fucoidan compositions have been made; a variety of beverage, tablets, and capsules are now available on the market. It is hoped that more complete studies and clinical trials will be carried out for better utilization of this combination in the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

The Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) infection is a leading cause of meningitis in infants and children in the developing countries, estimated that at least three million serious cases of disease worldwide are caused by Hib each year. The capsular of Hib, is the most important cause of its virulence. The capsular polysaccharide conjugated to a carrier protein is effective in the prevention of such infections. The routine vaccination against Hib has not been defined in the national immunization program of Iran. The aim of this study was to achieve an efficient method for producing vaccines against meningitis caused by haemophilus influenzae.
In this study, a derivative of Hib Polysaccharide (PRP) was conjugated to outer membrane vesicle (OMV) of Niesseria meningitides group B by 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDAC). Two methods, involving adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) as a linker, were used. The polysaccharide activated with cyanogen bromide (CNBr) and EDAC separately. The first, ADH was bounded to PRP activated with CNBr to form PRPCNBr AH, second ADH was bounded to PRP activated with EDAC to form PRPEDAC AH. These derivatives were bound to OMV by EDAC to form PRPCNBr AH-OMV and PRPEDAC AH-OMV.
On the basis of the bounded protein to polysaccharide, the yield of conjugated PRPCNBr AH-OMV and PRPEDAC AH-OMV were calculated 63.3% and 47%, respectively.
The results indicated that average yield of conjugation with CNBr activator was higher than other activators, however more study required to other methods and comparing them together to achieve an effective conjugated vaccine.

In addition to the numerous benefits of biopolymeric nanocomplex, it has drawbacks including difficulty in strict control of particle size and to prevent particle agglomeration. In this study, the influence of Tween 20 on the electrostatic interaction between sodium caseinate and gum Arabic was evaluated.
Initially, the organic phase (curcumin in ethanol) was introduced to aqueous phase (sodium caseinate, gum Arabic and Tween 20). Then by reducing the pH, the nanoparticles were formed. To evaluate the effects of the independent variables on the responses, the Box-Behnken design was used. The antioxidant activity of samples was evaluated by 1, 1diphenyl 2 picryl hydrazyl radical inhibition assay.
Tween 20 has a significant effect on particle size, and particle size distribution (p Due to the high encapsulation efficiency and antioxidant activity of curcumin nanocomplex and no need for high energy equipment such as homogenizer, this method is suggested as a simple, fast and low-energy technique.

Investigation of the colloidal behaviour of protein-polysaccharide systems is becoming increasingly important to provide a foundation for their applications in areas such as production of biopolymer micro-and nano-particles، designing food analogues، and microencapsulation technology. The aim of the present study was to investigate the pH-induced critical transitions during associative phase separation between β-lactoglobulin (BLG) and tragacanthin (T). The formation of electrostatic complexes in BLG/T dispersions (0. 3wt. % total concentration; BLG: T ratio 2:1) was investigated as a function of pH (2. 00-6. 00) by spectrophotometry and particle size analysis. In addition، coupling of slow in situ acidification of the blend، with glucono-delta-lacton، and rheometry were used to monitor the structural transitions during the associative phase separation. The influence of salt type and concentration on the formation of micro-particles were also determined. The formation of soluble complexes started at pH ~5. 20، and at pH ~4. 85 the aggregation of intrapolymeric complexes occurred، followed by a bulk phase separation at pH ~4. 30. The data indicated that coacervation occurred at pH 4. 15. Finally، the mixture returned to a mono-phasic system at pH 2. 5. Particle size analysis showed that the assembled structures experienced a contraction process upon complexation. Rheometry provided deeper insights into the colloidal behaviour of the system and the results were in good agreement with quiescent pH-induced transitions established by HCl titration. The formation of the micro-particles was strongly salt-dependent. Under controlled pH conditions، electrostatic interactions between β-lactoglobulin and tragacanthin can be used to form a variety of biopolymer particles. These biopolymeric micro- and nano-particles may be used in the food industry as natural delivery systems or fat-replacers. Keywords: β-Lactoglobulin، Tragacanthin، Protein-polysaccharide interactions، Associative phase separation، Biopolymer micro-particles

Pseudomonas aeruginosa lipopolysaccharide(LPS) is one of the most important and immunogenic antigens of this microorganism, that is used in construction of conjugated vaccines against it's infections.In this study the LPS of Pseudomonas aeruginosa CIP 1310 strain, was extracted by heating the bacterial pellet in phenolic solution, followed by elimination of proteins and nucleic acids. After extraction of a-polysaccharide by heating in weak acidic solutions the toxicity of LPS and a-polysaccharide was studied in mice. None-toxic a-polysaccharid was conjugated with tetanus toxoid to increase it's immunogenecity and the ability of none-cojugated and cojugated a-polysaccharide in induction of humoral immune response was compared in rabbit.The obtained results indicates that the antibody titer against LPS increases by conjugation. Our results showed that by eliminating the lipid-A from the structure of LPS and conjugation of it with appropriate carriers we can detoxify it as well as increase it's immunogenecity.Conjugation of gram negative bateria a-polysaccharides with appropriate proteins can be considered as a probable route of vaccine production against their infections, in our country like some other counteries, although it needs complementary researchs and confimation of it's efficiency.