جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ژلاتین » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Decellularization techniques are widely used in the fabrication of suitable scaffolds for the regeneration of damaged tissues, addressing the issue of insufficient donor tissues. The amnion membrane has qualities such as availability, affordability, low immunogenicity, and anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects. Gelatin is a natural and biocompatible polymer with favorable interactions for cell adhesion and growth. Thus, this study focused on creating and assessing gelatin-decellularized amniotic membrane scaffolds for potential use in tissue engineering.

Initially, the amniotic membrane underwent decellularization, and the extent of this process was assessed using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Following the fabrication of the scaffolds, their physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, were characterized. Additionally, mesenchymal stem cells derived from the uterine endometrium were cultured on the scaffolds, and their biocompatibility was assessed through an MTT assay.

The findings indicated successful decellularization of the amnion tissue. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) images revealed a rough surface on the scaffolds. While all scaffolds exhibited hydrophilic properties, those made of the gelatin-decellularized amniotic membrane were particularly hydrophilic due to the presence of the hydrophilic gelatin polymer in their structure. The constructed scaffolds demonstrated water absorption and swelling. Additionally, the results of the mechanical properties assessment indicated that the scaffolds possessed adequate strength. In terms of biocompatibility, the proliferation of stem cells derived from the uterine endometrium on the scaffolds surpassed that of the control group (cell only).

The scaffolds fabricated with amino-gelatin curtains show promising potential for use in tissue engineering applications.

Background & Aims:

 Controlling significant bleeding caused by accidents or battlefields is one of the main issues with emergency injuries. The current research was designed with the aim of investigating the binding performance of alginate, gelatin and alginate-gelatin superabsorbents in order to solve the aforementioned challenges.

Materials & Methods:

 In this experimental study, superabsorbents were prepared through crosslinking with calcium chloride and then freeze-drying. Physical properties of the synthesized superabsorbents were evaluated using FE-SEM analysis as well as porosity percentage and swelling ratio tests. Cell compatibility of superabsorbents was assessed using the MTT assay. Hemolysis, Blood Coagulation Index (BCI), RBC attachment, and platelet adhesion tests were utilized to evaluate the in vitro hemolytic activity of superabsorbents. Further, in vivo femoral artery surgery studies on rats were performed to investigate the hemostatic efficiency of the synthesized superabsorbents.

In vitro hemostatic ability results verified that synthetic sponges have better hemostatic properties than commercial ones. The results of cytotoxicity test revealed that alginate, gelatin, and alginate-gelatin superabsorbents are fully non-toxic, and h due to having a survival percentage more than 89%, they have significant cellular compatibility. Finally, in vivo hemostatic tests showed that the synthesized superabsorbents performed better than commercial samples in terms of bleeding control and decreasing coagulation time, as the amount of blood loss and coagulation time for optimum alginate-gelatin superabsorbent decreased respectively by 1.71 and 1.96 times compared to ChitoCell and 1.37 and 1.55 times compared to Gelita.

According to the results of the current study, the optimum alginate-gelatin superabsorbent has substantial in vitro and in vivo hemostatic efficacy. These results show the potential of this superabsorbent to enter the stage of clinical studies.

Myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The rate of heart tissue regeneration is limited following myocardial infarction. The combination of cell therapy and tissue engineering technology can lead to widespread clinical applications. In this study, we investigated the capability of the scaffolds to support cardiomyocyte attachment and growth cardiac tissue engineering.

A bacterial cellulose (BC) scaffold was prepared and coated with gelatin to form a gelatin-coated BC (BCG) scaffold. BC and BCG scaffolds were characterized using SEM, FE-SEM, AFM, and contact angle measurements. Neonatal rat-ventricular cardiomyocytes (nr-vCMCs) were cultured on scaffolds to explore the capability of the scaffolds (for cell attachment and survival) and were compared with human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs)

The results showed that the average diameter of nanofibrils and surface roughness were suitable for cardiomyocyte culture. The contractile activity of nr-vCMCs remained during culture duration, but the mean beating frequency gradually decreased from the fifth to seventh day of   culture. According to the results of light microscopy images, the adhesion of HDFs on the scaffolds was greater than cardiomyocyte attachment throughout the cell culture duration.

In addition to not being cytotoxic, BC and BCG have the appropriate physicochemical properties to preserve the morphology and contractile function of neonatal rat cardiomyocytes.

Tissue engineering and cell therapy, as promising therapies, provide the opportunity to repair bone lesions and defects. Combined scaffolds, synthetic and natural polymers can provide a suitable structure for differentiation of Wharton Jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) into bone. In current study, the effect of lyophilized blood growth factors in promoting the process of osteogenesis is important.

In this study, PCL-Gel nanofiber scaffolds were prepared by electrospinning method. To prepare membrane, blood was collected from volunteers and its growth factors were extracted and loaded on nanofiber layers. They were then placed in a freezer at -20°C for three days and finally in a freezer for 48 hours. They were structurally examined by electron microscopy and sterilized by gamma rays. WJ-MSCs were then cultured on scaffolding. MTT and Real-Time PCR tests were performed to evaluate cell viability and expression of ALP, RUNX2, COLX, and COLI genes in the designed scaffold.

Findings showed that the viability, growth, proliferation, and the expression of WJ-MSCs and osteogenic-specific genes were significantly higher at high concentration of blood derived growth factors/ polycaprolactone /gelatin-scaffold combination (P<0.001).

High concentration of blood derived growth factors in designed scaffolds facilitated the osteogenesis process.

Gelatin is used as an important component in the structure of food and medicine due to its special properties. The gelatin used in industry is mainly produced from animal species of bovine and porcine. In some cases, to reduce the cost of the product, a substandard raw material or other than what is stated in the product labeling is used. This is especially important in cases where the health of the consumer is endangered or when the use of certain substances is contrary to the religious precepts and beliefs of the community. Therefore, the ability to identify, detect and, in a more comprehensive way, authenticate the components of food with the origin of living organisms is essential for the health control system of the country. Identification of the species used in the gelatin structure is necessary from the perspective of consumer confidence in food health safety as well as religious beliefs.

Several methods have been introduced to determine the species in gelatin and its products from around the world, each has its advantages and disadvantages. In this research, the physical, chemical, and biological analytical methods used to identify the origin of gelatin and the authentication of the Halal product have been investigated. Methods such as FTIR spectroscopy, chromatography, ELISA, and polymerase chain reaction have been used for this purpose. One of the most successful methods is the PCR and its developed methods that can detect, identify and differentiate close species with sensitivity, specificity, high speed, and low-cost process.

The validated DNA based methods such as PCR are more efficient than other methods and they can be used as reliable methods with 99% confidence, with a low detection limit (about nanograms of DNA per gram of sample). of course, specificity, sensitivity, robustness, reproducibility and repeatability of test method must be tested.

Scaffolds are one of the key components of tissue engineering that play an important role in cell growth. The present study aimed to prepare hydroxyapatite-gelatin nanoscaffolds containing vanilla.

In this in vitro examination, the scaffolds were prepared using the precipitation method. Then, vanilla was loaded into the prepared structures. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to evaluate the size and morphology of the scaffold. The surface charge of the scaffold (zeta potential) was also assessed by employing a Zetasizer. The loading of vanilla was evaluated via ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry at 372 nm.

The results showed that the scaffold was well prepared and had good physicochemical properties, including appropriate particle size (110.23±0.42 nm), good particle distribution, high drug loading (65.03± 0.25%), and acceptable suspension stability (zeta potential equal to 36.42±0.80 mV). Descriptive statistics (mean ± SD) were used to report the results.

Based on the obtained results of the current study, we suggest that the prepared scaffolds can be used for in vitro and in vivo applications in future studies for tissue engineering. More investigations are needed to test the usefulness of these scaffolds.

Alginate is one of the substances that is considered as a promising candidate for wound healing. The aim of this study was to design and manufacture a dressing spray based on alginate / calcium chloride / gelatin alginate to control bleeding and wound healing.

This experimental research was conducted in the research laboratory of Amirkabir University from December 2019 to January 2020. In this study, saline phosphate buffer solution was prepared first. Then, their sterilization process was performed by autoclave and MTT salt solution was prepared during a process. In order to prepare an alginate-based spray dressing, we adjusted the concentration of the solution so that it could escape from the spray pore. On the other hand, in order to obtain gel alginate with suitable strength in equal proportions of calcium chloride concentrations, aqueous solution of gelatin was prepared for copolymerization with alginate. Finally, the bonds in the proposed dressing were evaluated by FTIR. Also, the degree of degradability, water absorption, changes in weight and pH, physical properties and microstructure of the extrinsic biological response were investigated in the designed dressing. Scanning electron microscopy and infrared spectroscopy were used to examine the dressing structure resulting from the ratio of different amounts of materials involved.

The results showed that the amount of water absorption in the sample and their degradation rate were AGC3> AGC4> AGC2> AGC1. In the study of biocompatibility, it was found that despite better results in AGC3, the degree of non-toxicity of AGC2 group was higher and also showed better cell adhesion behavior. Therefore, according to the results, AGC2 sample was selected as the final sample.

The results revealed that increasing calcium chloride levels could lead to increased alginate hydrogel formation. Also, the presence of gelatin and calcium chloride in the constant concentration of alginate will reduce the formation time of the spray hydrogel until they create space barriers.

The global market of halal products has expanded as Muslim and non-Muslim consumers desires have been increased in recent years to use products with halal labels. Islam is not just a religion, but a way of life, in which even eating has special rules, as the Qur'an, the holy book of Muslims, explains this concept in many verses, and in particular, 41 verses of the Qur'an is related to halal foods and beverages. Due to production conditions and concerns about the presence of pig-based derivatives, Gelatin is one of the products that has caused concerns among Muslims. For this reason, it is necessary to investigate the origin of products that are marketed with halal labels. Gelatin as a GRAS source is derived from the Latin word Gelatus, meaning hard or frozen, and has been used since about 1700 AD. It is a solid, translucent, colourless or pale yellow, brittle and tasteless and is one of the most widely used colloidal protein materials in the food and pharmaceutical, industrial and medical industries. It also has a high molecular weight that is soluble not only in water but also in glycerol and propylene glycol. The use of gelatin in the food industry includes food processing and formulation, including foam and emulsion, due to its high ability to absorb water, stabilizing tissue, creating a creamy state and reducing fat consumption in diet products.

 Various methods have been proposed to identify the origin of the produced gelatin, most of which are based on the identification of proteins and DNA. Protein-based methods include immunological techniques such as ELIZA and chromatographic methods, Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR) and chemical precipitation, DNA recognition methods including PCR based on species-specific primers, Real-Time PCR, RFLP-PCR and PCR-Southern hybridization on chip.

 explain about the important components of gelatin and then, by introducing important laboratory methods to identify the origin of gelatin, we describe the methods above, relying on modern biotechnology approaches in gelatin analysis.

The aim of this study was to produce low-calorie jelly using sour tea as a natural coloring agent, gelatin extracted from chicken skin with stevia as sweetener. Chicken skin gelatin was extracted by using alkaline-acid pre-treatment with 1 N of NaOH and 0.05 N hydrochloric acid. Gelatin was used at the concentrations of one and two percent (wt.%), Stevia with 0 to 100% replacement rates with sugar and sour tea at 20 wt.% for 100 g of jelly and 48 hours after gel production, pH measurement, Brix, moisture content, acidity, water activity, tissue stiffness, color, sensory analysis and microbial tests were performed. Experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design based on factorial experiment using SPSS software and compared with Duncan's multiple range test at 5% probability level. The results showed that by increasing gelatin concentration and the level of sucrose replacement with stevia did not have a significant effect on pH. By increasing the concentration of gelatin, texture hardness and L*, significantly increased and moisture decreased (p < 0.05), whereas the parameters of brix, water activity, a* and b* of samples were not significantly different (p> 0.05). By increasing the levels of sucrose replacement with stevia and decrease of solids content the moisture, water activity and L *, a *, b * factors were significantly increased and the brix of the samples decreased. Sensory and physicochemical properties of sour jelly samples showed that using chicken skin gelatin and stevia as sweetener could be a good alternative to low-calorie jelly formulation by preserving physical, chemical and sensory properties. Due to medicinal properties, sour tea provides beneficial contribution to sour jelly product

Infection is one of the main causes of delayed wound healing. In addition to infection, in some chronic wounds, such as diabetic wounds, the wound heals slowly due to reduced angiogenesis. For this purpose, a two-layer dressing consisting of gelatin / polycaprolactone nanofibers and polyurethane film can be a suitable solution to accelerate wound healing.

In order to make double-layer polyurethane - gelatin / polycaprolactone nanofiber dressing. Solution of Polyurethane (12%W/v) in tetrahydrofuran / dimethyl formamide is first placed on a magnetic stirrer. After the formation of a uniform solution, the solution is formed on Teflon molds in order to prepare a film by solvent casting. The polycaprolactone / gelatin polymer solution is then prepared at ambient temperature at a concentration of 10% by weight, and finally the fibers are spun randomly onto the fabricated polyurethane film.

The morphology of the bilayer dressing was examined by scanning electron microscopy. Tests such as water absorption, mechanical properties (fracture strain and tensile strength), contact angle and cytotoxicity were performed. The contact angle test for polycaprolactone and polycaprolactone / gelatin nanofibers was measured at 114 and 44 degrees, respectively. Tensile strength for double-layer scaffolding was 4.46 MPa and fracture strain was reported at an average of 330%. Cytotoxicity test showed that the samples were not toxic. Fibroblast cells also showed good adhesion to the dressing.

The results of studies showed that double layer dressing can be a suitable solution for the treatment of diabetic infectious wounds also Skin Tissue Engineering.

Changes in drug concentration (release) in the body is one of the most important parameters affecting the health of patients, whose sharp increase or decrease can cause complications in patients. Therefore, it is very important to study the release of the drug and determine the concentration of the drug in the body. Drug release in the human body can be done through various mechanisms that by examining drug release at different times, effectiveness of each mechanism can be determined. Drug delivery systems can be divided into general categories: diffusion-controlled, swelling-controlled, and environmentally sensitive systems, each of which can release the stored drug under different conditions and through different mechanisms. Recently, drug release in swollen hydrogels has attracted many attentions from researchers, indicating the importance of this drug delivery system. Hydrogels are crosslinked polymeric networks that can absorb water more than twenty times their own weight. Depending on their environment, hydrogels can swell or release absorbed water. There are different types of hydrogels that can swell in response to changes in temperature, pH, glucose levels, etc. in the external environment. For example, environmentally sensitive hydrogels can be engineered to initiate drug release at a specific location.  Most of the studies on drug release from swollen hydrogels have been performed experimentally and its modeling has been limited and with many assumptions. Therefore, the aim of this study was to model the drug release kinetics in chitosan (CS), gelatin (Gel) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels.

Drug release modeling in five hydrogels with different ratios of CS and Gel based on PVA with different swelling rates were compared. First, using Excel software, the swelling rate of each hydrogel was compared to time, then it was used to simulate drug release in each of the hydrogels. In this modeling, using MATLAB software and mass transfer relations, diffusion and bulk motion (hydrogel boundary swelling) mechanisms were numerically simulated and compared. The assumptions applied to solve the equations of changes in drug concentration were such that the concentration of drug around the hydrogel (drug discharge site) was equal to zero and the diffusivity coefficient was considered constant. The output of the modeling was in the form of two- and three-dimensional graphs showing the changes in drug concentration and swelling rate over time. One of the advantages of drug release modeling in swollen hydrogels is the independence of these results from the type of drug.

Modeling findings for all hydrogels showed that the mechanism of drug release through mass movement is very important, so that with increasing swelling rate in a hydrogel, less time is required to complete discharge of drug and then drug with higher dose is released in the body. Cs: Gel (1: 3) hydrogel, which is less swollen than other hydrogels, takes longer (150 minutes) to completely discharge the drug. In other hydrogels, the discharge time of the drug decreased with growth in the same way, which showed the effect of growth rate of the drug-carrying hydrogel on required time for drug release which decreased with increasing the ratio of chitosan to gelatin to make the hydrogel. For example, in the Cs: Gel (3: 1) hydrogel, which had the highest growth rate, the drug discharge time was approximately 90 minutes. Hydrogels with less chitosan in their structure had lower swelling rates leading to reduce the rate at which the drug was discharged through the mass movement in the polymer network of the hydrogel, and had a lower mass flux to discharge the drug. The findings of the modeling are consistent with the results of previous studies, so that in the research conducted by Islam et al., CP4 and HG2 hydrogels had highest swelling rate and release of progesterone, dexamethasone and aspirin at pH=6.8. However, at pH = 1.2, CP4 and HG2 had the lowest swelling and drug release rate. Considering the diffusivity coefficient in the equations, the expression of local volume changes in Equation (2) plays an important role in determining the time of complete discharge of the drug from the hydrogel. For drugs that need to be released at low flow rates and fluctuations in drug concentrations may cause side effects, hydrogels with lower growth rates can be used. Hydrogels with higher swelling rates can also be used for drugs that require high concentrations in the body.

From the modeling results obtained in this study and the results of previous researches, it can be seen that the mechanism of mass movement in swollen hydrogels is very important, so that in some hydrogels the contribution of drug discharge through the hydrogel boundary swelling is greater than the drug discharge through diffusion. In addition, to determine the contribution of each mechanism, different combinations of hydrogels can be used to produce the drug reservoir, and by reducing or increasing their swelling, the contribution of the mass movement mechanism can be reduced or increased, respectively. In this work, increasing the ratio of chitosan to gelatin increased swelling and consequently the role of mass movement mechanism in drug release. As a result, in order to increase the drug discharge time, the ratio of gelatin to chitosan should be increased, whereby the swelling rate and finally the discharge rate of the drug are reduced.

Some skin injuries are caused by occupational skin exposures that are resulted from production of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress (ROS). Thus, protecting the skin is a key issue. Recently, several surveys have introduced novel alternatives such as nanofibers for skin protection. In this research, Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL)/gelatin (Gt)/ Vitamin E (VE) was investigated as a nanofiber antioxidant protective layer in occupational skin exposures.

Vitamin E was combined with PCL/Gt nanofiber mats by electrospinning method. The diameter of nanofibers and chemical characteristics were determined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Adhesion characteristics and proliferation of human dermal fibroblast cells (HDFC) on nanofibers were analyzed by Methylthiazol Tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Finally, we studied the application of PCL/Gt/VE nanofibers against oxidation stress induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP).

With increase in Vitamin E levels, the PCL/Gt/VE nanofibers were found to be thiner. The culture of HDF cells on nanofibers showed that adding Vitamin E to PCL/Gt mats caused increased attachment and proliferation of the cells. PCL/Gt/VE nanofibers significantly assisted human skin cells against ROS (P< 0.001).

According to current study, PCL/Gt/VE nanofibers could be an appropriate candidate for protecting skin against ROS as a novel method to maintain workers’ health.

Biocompatibility does not mean the absolute lack of cytotoxicity.  If the implant material performs its function in the body and keeps the interaction between the material and the cell in the body and the organ maintains its normal function, in a way that the general reaction of the body is normal, then we can say the material is biocompatible.  The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological, immunological, and biochemical effects of collagen + PCL-PEG-PCL, gelatin + PCL-PEG-PCL, and alginate + PCL-PEG-PCL in mice after 30 days of subcutaneous injection.

The scaffolds were prepared by freeze-thinning and characterized using FTIR methods. A 500 μl hydrogel scaffold was injected into the dorsal flank region of a Swiss CD1 mouse. Animals were divided into control, collagen + PCL-PEG-PCL, gelatin + PCL-PEG-PCL, and alginate + PCL-PEG-PCL groups. The mice were euthanized after 30 days to investigate the biocompatibility of the scaffold with the use of antidiabetic drugs. Skin, liver, and kidney were sampled for histopathological investigation, gene expression, and enzyme expression.

In this study, a hybrid hydrogel scaffold was well-constructed and characterized. The ratio of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to alanine aminotransferase (ALT) can distinguish liver damage from other possibilities. In the enzymatic study, the ratio of AST to ALT in the alginate + PCL-PEG-PCL group was higher than the others (2.9 times more than that of the control group). Despite the differences between the groups (blood biochemical analysis), no significant differences were observed in the enzymatic study between the groups. In the present study, in the control and collagen + PCL-PEG-PCL groups, the expression level of interleukin 10 gene was four times lower than the alginate + PCL-PEG-PCL and gelatin + PCL-PEG-PCL groups, and the findings showed significant differences (p <0.001). SOD, CAT, and CD31 genes in the PCL-PEG-PCL + alginate group showed 10.8, 3.3, and 3.5 times more expression than the beta-actin gene, respectively, and demonstrated significant differences compared to the other groups (p <0.001). In histopathological examination of external examination and macroscopic examination of organs, there was no indication of systemic complications such as shock, septicemia, toxemia, or extensive inflammatory reactions in any of the groups.

According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the combination scaffold of collagen + PCL-PEG-PCL has fewer complications than other groups. The scaffold (collagen + PCL-PEG-PCL) is likely to be biocompatible and has the potential for future studies to transfer the drug, cell and growth factors and it can be used as a suitable scaffold for tissue engineering (skin and bone).

Bone injuries are among the challenges of medical science that each year has high costs for treatment in the world. Fluorhydroxyapatite plays an important role in promoting the integration of bones and dental implants, increasing bone density and calcium levels, and accelerating the recovery of bone fractures. In this study, fluorhydroxyapatite powder and composite scaffolds with different weight percentages (40, 50, and 60) of fluorhydroxyapatite were fabricated through co-precipitation and freeze drying mechanisms, respectively. In order to investigate the microscopic properties of composite scaffolds, scanning electron microscopy was used. Also, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy tests were used to evaluate the purity of the manufactured specimens. In addition, in order to evaluate the biological properties of composite scaffolds, MTT and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) tests were used, and finally, the strength of scaffolds and the rate of water absorption were studied. Data analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance. Microscopic investigations indicated a porous microstructure with pore diameters within the range of 100-350 μm, which is acceptable for osteoblastic cells to grow and proliferate. Also, the results of FTIR and XRD confirmed the absence of impurities in the samples. In addition, the non-toxicity of the produced specimens and the proper functioning of the bone cells were confirmed through MTT assay (after 3 and 7 days) and ALP activity (after 3, 7, and 14 days), respectively. Accordingly, the scaffold with 60 wt% of fluorhydroxyapatite showed more biocompatibility and ALP activity than the other two scaffolds. Also, the average of Young's modulus and yield strength for the samples were 40 and 7 MPa, which are acceptable for use in bone tissue engineering. The results showed that the application of fluorhydroxyapatite with gelatin not only improves biological properties but also improves the mechanical properties of the scaffold. Additionally, the obtained results emphasized the potential use of prepared scaffolds to repair bone tissue.

Nowadays, the tissue-engineered products have shown promising effect in the treatment of different skin-related damages such as wounds and deep burns. The nature of the surfaces of these substitutes plays a key role in the interaction between tissue and biomaterials. Before biomedical applications, modification of the surface of these materials is important. In this study, acrylic acid in different concentrations were grafted on silicone (after activating the surface of silicone film by two step plasma method). Then, chitosan and gelatin at different concentrations were immobilized on the samples. Then, surface characterization and properties were evaluated by ATR-FTIR and contact angle (sessile drop method). Finally, we evaluated cell attachment, cell spreading and the number of L929 cells. The results showed that the amount of grafted acrylic acid on silicone film was significantly influenced by acrylic acid monomer concentrations. Also the presence of the graft was verified by ATR-FTIR. The results also demonstrated that increased concentrations of acrylic acid and chitosan led to increased rate of surface hydrophilia. Cell attachment, spreading, and cell number onto silicone films treated by immobilization of chitosan and gelatin, were more in comparison to other samples. Due to its high biocompatibility, the tissue-engineered skin product can be used as a skin replacement in various skin wounds and burns.

Reduction or elimination of sugar from dairy dessert formulations is in relation to the safety of people and has important nutritional quality. But sugar elimination from food formulations results to the some problems that should be solved with application of sutiable texture improver(s).

The effects of different levels of corn starch (3, 4.5, and 6%), gelatin (0.2, 0.4, and 0.6%) and substituting date syrup (17,19.5, and 22%) instead of sugar on the physical and chemical properties, as well as textral and sensory attributes of dairy dessert were investigated. RSM was selected and the Central Composite Design with 5% probabality was chosen.

The effect of gelatin and date syrup on the Brix of dairy dessert was significant. The viscosity of the samples increased significantly (P<0.05) with the increase of starch and gelatin. Effect of starch was more than gelatin, but date syrup had no significant effect on viscosity. In case of texture (hardness and adhesion), all dessert samples had smiliar trend to viscosity results. All samples had little or no serum separation. Starch, gelatin and date syrup had no significant effects on L* factor, but their effect on a* and b* parameters was significant (P<0.05). The sensory evaluation results demonstrated no significant difference between all samples and the scores determined in the range of 3.13-4.30. All samples were negative for yeast, mold and E.coli. The total count was 10-30 cfu/g, therefore, it is acceptable.

RSM is a sutiable and reliable method for optimizing dairy dessert and predicted the best condition, including: 3% starch, 0.2% gelatin and 27.9% date syrup. In these conditions, pH, TSS, overall acceptability, hardness and adhesiveness were 6, 29.8, 3.7, 63.7 and 57.6 g.sec values, respectively

The development and production of heat resistant chocolate (HRC) would allow this pleasant treat to be enjoyed in summer-time and tropical climates. The objective of the present study was to increase the melting point of chocolate at elevated temperatures.
For this purpose, 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 % of gelatin and corn starch were added to formulation of milk chocolate. Produced chocolates were compared with the control sample in terms of melting point profile and sensory properties (colour, odor, taste, texture, melting properties, mouth-feel and overall acceptability).
Results showed that the highest temperatures of melting of chocolate containing 10% gelatin and corn starch were 38.5 and 35.9 °C respectively. This concentration increased the temperature of melting point (27.2 °C) compared with control chocolate (P≤0.05). Also the sample with 10% gelatin had highest enthalpy (35.34 J/gr). However no significant difference was observed in the organoleptic properties of treated chocolate samples (P≤0.05).
The overall results showed that according to the non-significant effect of these two materials on the sensory properties and increasing the melting point, it can be used in manufacturing heat resistant chocolate in tropical climates.

Coating potato slices with hydrocolloids can lead to decreasing oil uptake of the products during the frying. In this study, the effects of bitter almond gum (BAG) and gelatin on the physicochemical properties of deep fried potato slices were assessed.
potato slices were coated through immersion in the solutions of BAG and gelatin, alone or in combination of both with respective ratios of 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1. These treatments and the control (without coating) were both deep fried in frying oil. Afterwards, moisture content, oil uptake, peroxide value, crispiness, color indices and sensory characteristics of the samples were determined after 24 hour storage in cool conditions.
The results showed that BAG and gelatin can reduce moisture loss, oil absorption and peroxide value, and increased crispiness of deep fried potato slices. The oil uptake in all coated samples was less than the control. The minimum oil uptake was in the slices treated with 3% gelatin, and the lowest peroxide value was observed in 1% gelatin and 1.5% of BAG and in combination. The potato slices coated with 0.5 % of BAG and 2.25% gelatin were more favored by panelists, probably due to lower oil uptake and yellow intensity, and relatively higher crispiness (p Coating potato slices with BAG and gelatin not only can reduce the oil absorption and peroxide value, but it can also produce food with better organoleptic properties as opposed to uncoated potato slices.

Zeolite has skin wound healing capacity. However, its efficacy on burn wound healing has not yet been examined. In this study, we investigated the effects of Zeolite-Agﱧꕪ� nanocomposite on the process of third-degree burn wound healing in mice model.
Ag+ zeolite/gelatin nanocomposite was fabricated by sol-gel method; MTT assay and antimicrobial activity evaluation of the nanocomposite were performed. Third degree burn wound were created on 40 Balb/c mice (n=10) wound per group and treatment administered daily starting on the day of wounding. Treatment groups included untreated control, SSD, gelatin and nanocomposite. Daily photographs were taken and change in wound area relative to initial area was calculated. At 7 and 14 days, animals euthanized and skin samples were taken to histopathologicl evaluation (H&E staining). Then, the study groups were evaluated for wound contraction percent and histopathological parameters.
According to the results of the present study, nano composite-treated wounds revealed significant wound contraction on days 14 compared to control and gelatin treated groups (P In conclusion, based on the results of the present study, it could be concluded that zeolite-Ag/gelatin nanocomposite offered potential advantages in burn wound healing acceleration and improvement. However, clinical use of this nanocomposite needs more supportive studies.