جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "کنترل کیفی" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Plateletpheresis is the collection of platelets from a donor using an apheresis device. There are different types of apheresis devices used for plateletpheresis, and each device can have an impact on the quality of platelet concentrates produced. This review article aims to investigate the effect of plateletpheresis devices on the quality parameters of produced platelet units.

This article reviewed the effects of different apheresis devices on the quality of platelet units by searching keywords in PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and Scopus databases and used 83 related articles.

To evaluate the quality of the plateletpheresis concentrates, various parameters such as platelet count and yield, WBC and RBC count, platelet aggregation, metabolic activity, platelet activity, and the number of platelets microparticles are evaluated. The platelet counts in platelet concentrates obtained from apheresis devices follow AABB and European standards. In examining the metabolic activity of apheresis platelets in most studies, the level of glucose and pO2 decreased, lactate and pCO2 increased, and pH was within acceptable limits. When comparing platelet aggregation with different agonists, the platelet unit from the Amicus device showed the lowest response, while Trima Accel showed the highest response. Moreover, Amicus reported a higher level of platelet activation and microparticle production, whereas the lowest level of both belonged to Trima Accel.

Conclusions  :

The quality of the plateletpheresis concentrate can be affected by the apheresis device. Although most available devices can provide platelet concentrates in accordance with the existing standards. According to the studies, the Trima Accel device provides a higher quality platelet concentrate than other devices (Haemonetics MCS+, Amicus, Cobe Spectra, Fresenius).

The quality control of the SPECT system plays an important role in the interpretation and reporting of images. For this purpose, evaluation tests of quality control are performed to detect problems in the scanner, before the negative impact on medical images. Performing quality control tests and various simulations are vital and effective to determine the defects of the system.

Methods and Materials:

 In this study, first, the SYMBIA T scanner was simulated with SIMIND Monte Carlo code, and spatial resolution and sensitivity parameters were measured based on experimental conditions. Then, the acquired results were analyzed, compared, and validated with experimental results.

The spatial resolution as experimental and simulation in field of view (FOV) were measured 4.73 mm and 4.4 mm, respectively. Furthermore, the sensitivity calculated by simulation and experiment for 126-154 keV energy windows was equal to 46.27 cps/MBq and 47.98 cps/MBq. The relative errors for spatial resolution and sensitivity were measured 7% and 3%, respectively.

The error quantity indicates a good agreement between the experimental and the simulation data. Using this simulation, the quality control parameters can be predicted before performing the experimental quality-control tests. Thus, the cost, radiation safety, shielding requirements and error in the system images are significantly minimized.

X-rays play an important role in medical imaging; however, exposure to radiation can also bring risks. Therefore, the quality control of diagnostic radiology devices is actually vital. Moreover, it is possible to reduce the dose received by patients and maintain the quality of the images by applying quality control programs.

Methods and Materials: 

The present study was conducted in the imaging departments of Imam Reza (AS), Valiasr (AS), and Razi hospitals in Birjand. In this study, seven quality control tests including exposure reproducibility, voltage accuracy, time accuracy, linearity of the output with respect to mA and linearity of the output with respect to s, measuring the half value layer (HVL) and matching the optical and radiation fields was performed in accordance with the standards of the Atomic Energy Organization of Iran. These tests have the greatest effect on the dose of patients.

The minimum and maximum error in kVp was related to rooms number 1 and 3 (emergency department) of Imam Reza hospital respectively. In addition, the error percentage in the investigated voltages was less than 5% in all the studied devices. All the devices were accepted in the tests of output reproducibility and output linearity with respect to mA and time and HVL. In the test to check the validity of the radiation time, the error observed for 2.3 and 5 milliseconds in the emergency department of Imam Reza Hospital was higher than the acceptance criteria, which needs to be corrected. Fortunately, in most of the studied devices, the amount of non-compliance of the light and beam fields was less than the acceptance criteria and it needed to be corrected in only one device.

The lack of quality control of medical imaging devices can lead to repeated irradiation, which increases both patient dose and department costs. Moreover, it potentially reduces patient satisfaction. The results of this study showed that most of the diagnostic radiography devices installed in the teaching hospitals of Birjand University of Medical Sciences have suitable conditions in terms of quality control.

 A novel coronavirus has recently been discovered in Wuhan, China in December 2019 named SARS-COV-2. Sensitive molecular assays are now available for detection of SARS-COV-2. The aims of this study were to detect positive subjects of SARS-COV-2 and to survey some challenges that are encountered practically in detection of the virus by Real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) technique.

 271 subjects including 105 women and 166 men were registered by census method from 15 April to 15 Jun of 2020. Nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal swab samples of suspicious cases were collected for RNA extraction to identify SARS-COV-2 by rRT-PCR amplification.

 69% of the positive SARS-COV-2 patients over the age 50 were men. However, technically the results showed that in the time period of 15 April to 15 May of 2020 the contents of received rRT - PCR kits were infected with positive control.  8 % of certain negative control samples showed a signal resembling to that of the positive samples in the rRT - PCR process. In addition, the results showed that in some of the rRT - PCR kits the master mix would produce signals like positive control without adding the sample to it automatically in 7 % of the tests.

 Having different types of negative control for diagnosis of SARS-COV-2 is necessary to reduce the chance of having false positive results.

Water quality is important for preparation of dialysis solution due to its direct relationship with blood of patients with renal failure. The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical and microbial quality of inlet and outlet water of dialysis devices in hospitals of East Azerbaijan province.

This study was a descriptive-analytical study in which the water of dialysis ward of three hospitals affiliated to East Azerbaijan University of Medical Sciences was investigated. The results of physicochemical (45 cases) and microbial (163 cases) of dialysis water were extracted from the relevant archives in two stages before and after reverse osmosis treatment during 2014-2016. Independent t-test and one-way ANOVA were used for statistical analysis while extracting descriptive statistical parameters. Data analysis was done using Excel and SPSS 23 software.

Evaluation of the efficiency of reverse osmosis system showed that there was a significant difference between water quality, before and after the system. Except for calcium, magnesium, fluoride and nitrate, the concentrations of other cations and anions in 100% of samples were lower than the European Pharmacopoeia standard. Incoming water samples to dialysis machine in 4.9% of cases had total coliform contamination and there was no fecal coliform in any of the samples. The frequency and frequency of tests in hospitals are not observed and despite the risk of heavy metals, heavy metals tests are not performed on dialysis water for the health of dialysis patients.

The need to develop a national standard for controlling dialysis water, testing all quality parameters of dialysis water according to standards in regular times and timeframes, informing hospital managers and environmental health experts about the importance of dialysis water quality in health and increasing life expectancy of dialysis patients is felt.

The aim of this study was to investigate the level of knowledge, attitude and practice of technicians and Radiologists, Medical Physicists and Radiographers in quality control of MRI devices.
Methods and Material: 78 radiologists, medical physicists, and radiographers in seven medical centers of Hamadan were included in this study. Each member duties were determined based on the latest changes in the MRI quality control booklet designed by ACR. Moreover, three questionnaires for each group and one questionnaire related to the specifications of the device were prepared and completed by the relevant personnel. Data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16.

The results of Spearman correlation test show that there is a weak relationship between knowledge and performance (r= -0.005), knowledge with attitude (r= -0.032) and performance with attitude (r = 0.111) in radiographers. There is a weak relationship between knowledge and performance (r= 0.3), knowledge with attitude (r= 0.246) and performance with attitude (r = -0.109) in radiologists. In addition, there is a weak relationship between knowledge and performance (r= -0.177) in Medical physicists. Although there was a strong relationship between the level of knowledge with attitude (r= 0.559) and performance with attitude (r=-0.109) in medical physicists, this relationship was not statistically significant.
Discussion and

Factors including the presence of a complete quality control group, knowledge of performance, attitude of the group, appropriate and continuous training during service, availability of appropriate tools, mandatory rules for QA and the appropriateness of the number of patients to staff are the most important factors in control the quality of MRI.

Background and Objectives Platelet concentrates are the most vulnerable blood products with the shortest shelf life. The aim was to assess the quality of produced platelet concentrates in the East Azerbaijan. In addition, the quality of products stored in the blood center was compared by products stored in one hospital during the period of five days.
Materials and Methods In this descriptive study, thirty random donor platelet concentrates during 3 months from April to August 2015 were enrolled in the study. They were randomly classified into two groups, half were sent to the hospital and half remained in the blood center. The changes of their quality (platelet count, WBC count, MPV, pH, bacterial contamination, and CD62P and CD63 expression levels) were examined in the first, third and fifth days of storage in each group and comparison was made by accomplishing the paired sample t-test and t-test as deemed appropriate.
Results All PCs on the first day met the national standard criteria; however, the quality parameters decreased significantly during storage. In addition there were no significant differences in the storage related changes in the quality between the blood center and hospital.
Conclusions The quality of PCs produced in the blood center decreased during the storage time. By improving the storage conditions in the blood centers, it might be possible to extend the storage time of PCs by an acceptable quality. The significant difference was not observed between the platelets stored in the blood center compared to that stored in the hospital.

Swimming is an important exercise for the body and soul. Failure to comply with health standards can lead to health problems and the transmission of infectious diseases to swimmers. The aim of this study was to investigate the qualitative indicators of water in swimming pools in Shahinshahr, Iran, and compare them with the standards.
This descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional study was conducted in 2011-2012. From the 3 swimming pools in Shahinshahr, 288 water samples were collected during 4 months, once every 3 weeks. The parameters of residual chlorine, pH, turbidity, and temperature and microbial parameters such as heterotrophic bacteria, pseudomonas aeruginosa, total coliform, and fecal coliform were evaluated.
Findings: The results of the study showed that residual chlorine, pH, turbidity, and temperature were desirable in 36.11%, 13.88%, 52.77%, and 22.22% of samples, respectively. In addition, the population of total coliform, fecal coliform, heterotrophic bacteria, and pseudomonas aeruginosa were in desirable ranges in 88.88%, 88.88%, 72.22%, and 86.11% of samples, respectively.
According to the results, the parameters of residual chlorine, temperature, and pH had the least compliance with the standards. This shows the necessity of continuous monitoring of physical and chemical parameters and disinfection of water in swimming pools.

Introduction and Aims: Diagnostic Radiology has the largest share in the artificial ionizing radiation sources in the society. One of the most important factors in reducing radiation dose is quality control and ensuring the quality and performance of radiology devices.Quality control is conducted to produce high-quality radiographic images with minimum radiation dose.
Ten normal X-ray machines in 5 hospitals affiliated to Kurdistan university of Medical Sciences were studied. Then, 10 standard test of quality control were conducted based on the protocol recommended by the 74 report (quality control standards) American Association of Medical Physics (AAMP) and Report No. 103 of the International Commission on Radiation Protection (ICRP). Finally, data were statistically evaluated and the percentage of error of each parameter was compared with existing standards.
In some devices the overall filtration parameters’ error and voltage accuracy was higher than acceptable range and needed to be reformed. Also, in some devices the percentage of parameter error of radiation field compliance and light field was more than acceptable range based on the existing standards. Some devices in the province had boundary and threshold error.
According to the recommendations of the Commission on Radiation Protection and Medical Physics Society of America, most of the parameters of the devices in question were in agreement with existing standards and were in acceptable range.

Increasing pressure to follow a vision on complete health care organizations، better quality and excellence selection systems has become one of the main concerns for organizations and their managers.. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between the level of ISO 9001-2008 quality management system and altering indictors of quality effectiveness in Rasht Hospitals. This is a descriptive and correlational study which was performed in three ISO-certified hospitals. The degree of ISO implementation measured using the requirements of ISO 9001 standards through questionnaires. Data of quality effectiveness indictors were compared using dependent T-test before and after the implementation when determining the mean and coefficient of variation. There was a significant relationship between some indicators of quality effectiveness such as patient satisfaction، number of inspected complaints and improved procedure within implementations of ISO quality system (p<0. 05). On the other hand there was no significant difference between the mean alteration of the average length of patient's hospitalization before and after the placement. Create a systemic visualization of the powerful tool such as ISO quality management system and imperative practical performance system in one organization discriminent addition to correcting systems and improving staff performance، will improve some indicators of hospital.

Introduction and Safe and good quality drinking water is one of the most important human needs. The effect of ground water contamination is one of the most important concerns of public-health worldwide. The purpose of this was to investigate the chemical and physical quality of ground water resource in rural areas of Babol city. Sampling of this cross sectional- descriptive study carried out during 2011-2012. 14 physical and chemical parameters were measured in 78 random samples of 39 stations in Spring and Autumn. The results were analyzed by descriptive statistical method and were compared with the standards of ground water quality of Iran, WHO and Shuler’s diagram. The findings of this study indicated that the concentration of Nitrate, Nitrite, Sulfate, Chloride, Calcium, Sodium, EC and pH were within the standard range, but the level of turbidity, total hardness and Fe at 7.7, 5.13 and 20.5 percent of samples are higher than the standard limits and fluoride concentration that ranged from 0.02 to 1.13 ppm, where lower than the standard limits in 87.2 percent samples and 12.8 percent water samples were within optimum limit i.e. 0.5-1.5 ppm. According to Shuler’s diagram, the parameters of water quality ranged between good and medium situations. Based on the results, the mean concentration of most physico -chemical parameters in Babol’ village’s drinking water is based on 1053 standard limit in Iran, but the fluoride level is lower than the maximum contaminant levels in many villages. Therefore, by addition of fluoride to water supplies of these regions, deficiency complications would be prevented.

Breast cancer is one of the most common form of cancer among women. Diagnosis in the early stage of emergence is the most effective way to reduce the mortality caused by this disease. Mammography, the safest and most accurate imaging test for the identification of breast cancer, required high quality images along applying the lowest possible dose to sensitive tissues of the breast. This study aimed to optimize the radiation dose in mammographic tests and improve patient protection by enhancing the quality of mammography equipment in centers participating in this trial. At the first phase of this study, mammography equipment of 20 analog mammography center located in Tehran underwent quality control tests and, if necessary, corrective actions have also been done. In the second phase, quality control tests have repeated and the results were compared with the first step, to determine how corrective actions affected on the performance of the devices. The survey showed about 70% of mammograms were in good condition and 23.6% in relatively good condition and only 6.4% of the devices had images that need to be repeated. The entrance skin dose was measured in the range of ESAK = 3.8-10.5 (mGy) and average glandular dose in range of AGD = 0.34-1.8 (mGy). The average glandular dose values calculated are lower than international levels, that ensures the patient radiological protection, but other parameters related to image quality values were much lower than standard values. Therefore, use of mammography devices with good quality and performing routine and regular QC test is necessary.

Background and 99mTc is a widely used radionuclide in nuclear medicine and research nowadays. Two types of 99 Mo/99mTc generators were studied in 2013 and 2014 to test the quality of the eluates. In this study we measured the radionuclide purity for possible 99Mo breakthrough، the radiochemical purity، the pH، and the aluminum content of eluates. Two type generators were eluted ten times for ten consecutive weeks، starting the morning after the generator had been received and evaluation of eluate of three generators was performed 72 hours after the first elution for three consecutive weeks. 99Mo quantity in pertechnetate was determined using dose calibrator and a 99Mo assay shield. Radiochemical purity (RCP) was evaluated by thin layer chromatography (TLC)، ITLC-SG strips and acetone. The pH was measured using pH usual indicator strips. Al3+ ion was measured colorimetrically. The presence of 99Mo was detected in all eluates examined. In this study the level of molybdenum، in all weeks were lower than 0. 15 μCi of 99Mo per mCi of 99mTc. Hydrolyzed reduced 99mTc was not found in any of the eluates examined. All of the eluates had pH values between 5-7. In all the eluates tested، the amount of aluminum was lower than 10 μg /ml. Performing quality control procedures in nuclear medicine centers is very important. It is suggested to check each new generator prior use for the first eluate especially on 99Mo breakthrough.

According to our national standards، whole blood units are stored at 22 ± 2 ° C prior to processing. Since there has been no study about the quality of RBCs prepared after the storage of whole blood units at 22 ± 2 ° C in Iran، we decided to investigate the quality effect of whole blood stored for 8 and 24 hours at this temperature. Twelve whole blood units in pediatric bags were collected and placed in the cooling plate box. After 8 and 24 hours، RBCs were produced from these stored units. Then، the bags were analyzed for hemolysis، 2، 3-diphosphoglycerate، lactate dehydrogenase، glucose، and sodium. Although a higher percentage of hemolysis، lactate dehydrogenase levels، and lower 2،3-DPG، sodium and glucose levels were determined in RBCs prepared after the 24-hour WB storing time، no significant differences، except for 2،3 DPG، were observed between 8-hour (205 ± 12) and 24-hour (113 ± 13) WB storing time periods. Although storing whole blood at 22 ± 2 ° C for 24 hours prior to RBCs production had an impact on its quality، the property of prepared components is defined to be within an acceptable range of quality control.

ART laboratories are quality controlled to make sure that disposable objects used for the culture of gametes and embryos are toxin-free. To maintain a high standard, all disposable objects in our ART laboratory were tested by human sperm motility assay (HuSMA). HuSMA was used as a measure for QC at the intended ART laboratory. Eighteen objects that are commonly used in IVF laboratories were tested by HuSMA. The objects included gloves, syringes, culture dishes, pipettes, tips and semen collection dishes. HuSMA was conducted at 10 and 30 minutes and also at 1, 2, 4, and 24 hours of incubation at room temperature. Sperm motility index (SMI) was calculated by dividing the percentage of progressive motile sperms of the test by that of the control at the specified intervals. An SMI value < 0.85 was defined to indicate sperm toxicity. The tests were repeated for three times. QC by HuSMA confirmed the toxicity of three objects, including embryo transfer (ET) gloves A and B, and puncture gloves A. ET gloves A (SMI=0.0) and puncture gloves A (SMI=0.0) were toxic after 10 minutes, but ET gloves B (SMI=0.63) were shown to be toxic after 24 hours (46% progressive motile sperm compared with 68% in the control group). Moreover, two other objects including culture dish (SMI=0.42) and semen collection dish (SMI=0.67) had borderline values after 24 hours; different results in four repeats after 24 hours (twice toxic and twice nontoxic). Some objects which are routinely used in ART laboratories may be toxic and their use should be discontinued as part of QC programs. To increase the efficiency of HuSMA, it seems necessary to do this test more than once for each object.

The significance of the work entitle as the comparison of X-Ray field with light field is completely obvious for all of radiation workers. The accuracy and correctness of radiography image in duration of the performance of radiography has a direct connection with this issue. Unfortunately ihourcnuntry health system does not to the qualits consrup of radiography departments and patients are affected by the undesired radiations. Therefore, this study will focus on this issue in Kerman, Rafsanjan, and Sirjan. This study is an experimental-field which is performed on twenty-one active radiographic systems in Kerman, Rafsanjan and Sirjan cities during 2010. Due to the lack of access to the alignment test tool, a researcher's tool is made and testing is performed on cassette 24 × 30 centimeter in distance of 40 inches between the source of radiation source and cassette with the usage of light field with the size of 15 × 20 centimeter with the condition of exposure 50 KvP and 4 mAs, and the usage of small focal spot. It has recorded the exact information of evaluated system in the darkroom of exposed films and investigated the comparison of radiation X-Ray field with light field. This research evaluated 21 systems, 12 relevant systems in Kerman, 5 relevant systems in Rafsanjan, and 4 relevant systems in Sirjan. The average lack of comparison radiations field with light field in length and width cassette in Kerman in this manner were 1.09 % and 1.13% in Rafsanjan, 0.80% and 0.56% in Sirjan, 0.46 and 0.31%. The whole average with the discordance in length and width cassette in three mentioned city in this manner are 0.78% and 0.66%, respectively. Based on introduced protocol (2005) in Australia, and introduced protocol (2001) in Germany, the whole average of this result is acceptable but based on the introduced protocol (2005) in Australia, the average absence of comparison is not acceptable in Kerman and we should pay more attention to the case of Kerman. With the attention to this point that Radiography is one of those diagnostic tool in medicine and it has the highest usage after the laboratory testing, it is essential to add some quality control program of radiography system to the most important duties of department of health physics at the medical science universities in Iran.

Pending solids concentration and turbidity are the main drawbacks of waste water stabilization ponds used in hot climates for sewage treatment to reuse effluent. The effectiveness of chemical coagulation and lime addition in upgrading the ponds effluent quality is the purpose of this study. The e ffects of three coagulants including Alum, Ferric sulfate, and Ferric chloride and Lime with variable dosages on suspended solid and turbidity were studied in Kashan University of Medical Sciences living compounds stabilization ponds during the summer 2005. Data were analyzed using Jar test. F erric sulfate 20 mg/l�dosage reduced suspended soil concentration from 215 to 11.8 mg/ l�and turbidity from 189 to 14.9 NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Unit). Maximum TSS (Total Suspended Solid) and turbidity removal was 94.5 % and 92.1 %, respectively. Chemical coagulation can efficiently upgrade the ponds effluent quality compared with Iranian organization of environmental health standards (TSS and turbidity less than 100 mg/l�and 50 NTU).