جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "کودکان ایرانی" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

The growing number of children with chronic diseases is a global issue. Cancer is one of the most important chronic diseases in children. According to WHO, the number of children with cancer varies from 50 to 200 cases per million children worldwide .However, the incidence of childhood cancers in Iranian girls and boys is reported to be 48-112 and 51-141 per million children, respectively .Cancer has many psychological and physical consequences for both the child and his or her family. One of the most important concerns about children with cancer is attention to their quality of life and its promotion Palliative care is one of the most important and effective ways of improving the quality of life .Children's palliative care is unique in each age group due to their certain developmental stages. For this reason, WHO has provided a separate definition for it: “palliative care for children is the active total care of the child's body, mind, and spirit, and also involves giving support to the family” .In Iran, the main problem in the treatment-care system in palliative care of cancer patients is the lack of a structure and framework for the members of the health group, such as nurses .In Iran, palliative care is a new concept, and there is no systematized program for this type of service in accordance with current needs .Palliative care for children with cancer in Iran is very important. Currently, the only institution that provides palliative care for pain management in children with cancer is The Mahak Society to Support Children Suffering from Cancer.Considering that there is no palliative care system for children in Iran, and since the number of children with cancer is on the rise, the establishment of a palliative care system for children with cancer is an apparent and important need.

This study investigates stereopsis and its correlation with refractive errors in Iranian 7-year-old schoolchildren.

This cross-sectional study included 3,675 first-grade primary school students in seven cities of Iran. The subjects were randomly selected and evaluated after obtaining an informed consent letter from their parents. There were two inclusion criteria: no systemic diseases and no medication use. Refractive errors were examined with an auto refractometer and stereopsis was measured using the TNO test. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21 and using independent t-test, ANOVA, and post hoc tests.

The results of the present study showed that the rate of stereopsis in all students was 43.97±11.75 arcsec and there was a significant difference between the mean of stereopsis in females (43.30±10.62 arcsec) and males (44.59±12.66 arcsec) (P<0.001). There was also a significant difference between different types of refractive errors (myopia, ametropia, hyperopia) and stereopsis (P=0.001).

According to the results of the present study, girls had a better stereopsis rate than the boys. Also, after correction of refractive errors, stereopsis was not the same value in different refractive states, which could be an indication of more attention to stereopsis testing as an indicator of binocular vision performance.

Identification of risky decision making trajectory can be used for determination of proper ages for prevention and intervention. The aim of this study is determination of developmental trajectory of risky decision making in Iranian Children. In present cross sectional study, Two hundred forty students of elementary school with classified random sampling participated in four region of Tehran. Neurocognitive Test of Balloon Analogue Risk Taking Task was used for evaluation of risky decision making. One way ANOVA and Tukey Post Hoc tests were used for analysis of data. Findings show that risk taking is significantly different in different grade (from first to sixth grade) of elementary school so that students with higher grades were more risk taker (P<0.01). Post Hoc analysis revealed that this difference is related to sixth grade. The results of present study indicate the growth of this type of decision-making in this age group that consequently, the role of education and school counseling services concerned with prevent from the growth of this style of decision-making by providing educational and psychological services in schools seems necessary.

Nowadays cephalometric software have become very popular, but due to racial and ethnical difference in facial soft and hard tissue features the norms should be adapted for each nation. The purpose of this study was to establish soft and hard tissue data base for 9 to 11 years Iranian children and to compare it with Legan and Ricketts dentofacial planner plus norms for American Caucasians. Methods & Materials: This was a longitudinal descriptive study on 60 cephalograms of normal 9-11 years Iranian children in city of Qazvin. They were selected as normal occlusion cases according to Moyer’s. The cephalograms were scanned and 13 landmarks for Legan soft tissue and 32 landmarks for Ricketts hard tissue analysis were digitized. Then by means of Dentofacial planner plus 11 measurements were calculated for each age group (20 in each age 9, 10, 11 years). The mean for each landmark was compared to American Caucasian norms in the databank by Paired t test. Nine years old Iranian girls had more facial convexity, nasolabial angle, upper & lower lip protrusion and height of midface but their lower face height was less. In boys, middle face height was the same as American’s and nasolabial angle differed less. In 11 year old girls the difference between lower face height and lip protrusion became less, boy's nasolabial angle was more than American’s. Significant differences were present in soft and hard tissue norms of Iranian’s in comparsion to American Caucasions. Iranian data base for cephalometric norms should be established.

Zinc is essential for nucleic acid metabolism, protein synthesis and tissue healing. Zinc deficiency has detrimental effects on child health and increases mortality rate of pneumonia and gastroenteritis. By improving absorptive function of villous cells and by reducing pathogenic enterobacteriaceae in lumen, Zinc improves diarrhea outcome in children. Previous studies in developing countries are available regarding zinc efficacy in acute and persistent diarrhea. We tried effectiveness of zinc treatment in acute diarrhea of children in Lorestan province. A triple blinded randomized controlled trial was planned over test and control groups. Each group contained 36 children aged 12 to 60 months with acute watery diarrhea whom weight for height was below -2SD under median according to Waterlow's classification. Test group took 1mg/kg/day zinc (in the form of 1% zinc sulfate solution). Then, diarrhea duration, daily times of bowel movement and weight gain were recorded. Data were analyzed by SPSS Version 13. T-test showed that daily diarrhea in test and control group was 3.30.99 times and 4.91.1 times respectively. Duration of diarrhea in them was 4.93.2 days and 7.83.9 days. Weight gain was 223.05110.8 grams and 95.8106.4 grams. The results were significantly different between two groups at p<0.05. No child in zinc group suffered persistent diarrhea or weight loss. Zinc sulfate could be a part of acute gastroenteritis treatment plan in children besides other nutritional and hygienic orders especially in malnourished children in developing countries.