جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « activities of daily living » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Dementia is recognized as a neurodegenerative disease that gradually causes serious cognitive, motor, and functional impairments in affected individuals. This study explored the impact of a meaningful task-oriented intervention on independence in activities of daily living, cognitive status, and physical abilities, including gait speed and balance, among elderly patients diagnosed with mild to moderate dementia. In this randomized controlled trial, 40 participants aged 60-70, with a Functional Assessment Staging Tool (FAST Scale) score of 1-5, were recruited. They were randomly assigned to either a control group (n=20) receiving standard care, including medication and routine consultation, or an intervention group (n=20) receiving standard care along with eight 45–60-minute sessions of task-oriented interventions. These interventions were centered around familiar daily life activities in the home environment and were conducted twice a week. The primary outcome measure was the participants' independence in activities of daily living, assessed using the Barthel Index. Secondary outcome measures included cognitive function, evaluated using Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination-Revised, and physical performance, assessed through the Timed Up and Go test, 10 Meter Walk Test, and Berg Balance Scale. The meaningful task-oriented intervention demonstrated significant improvements in independence in activities of daily living (p<0.01) compared to the control group. Additionally, improvements were observed in cognitive function and physical performance, including balance, lower limb strength, and walking speed (p<0.05). The integration of meaningful task-oriented interventions centered around familiar activities within the home environment appears to offer significant benefits for elderly patients with dementia. By engaging in tasks that resonate with their daily routines, these interventions can support the maintenance of essential skills and foster a sense of independence among affected individuals.

This study explored the concept of ‘life balance’ during physical isolation due to COVID-19 in Iran in 2020.
In a cross-sectional design, 403 participants completed the internet-based "Life Balance Inventory (LBI)”, which includes five subscales: health, relationship, identity, challenging/interesting activity, and daily activities. The data were analyzed using SPSS 21, and a significant level of less than 0.05 was considered. Descriptive statistics, t-tests, and one-way ANOVA were utilized in the analysis.
The total mean score of LBI was 1.51+_0.38(unbalanced). The scores were distributed among the participants as follows: 52.6%  of participants scored between 0.6 and 1.5 (very unbalanced);  37.7% of participants scored between 1 and 1.5 (unbalanced); 8% of participants scored between 2 and 2.5 (moderately balanced); and finally, 1.7% of participants scored between 2.5 and 3 ( very balanced). Significant relationships were found between LBI and gender (P=0.001), chronic comorbidity (P-value =0.029), and Job (P-value=0.044). The health subscale showed no statistical difference according to the demographic factors. Males demonstrated more life balance in their daily activities, including driving and social transportation (p=0/001). Married participants and those older than 40 exhibited more balance in the relationship subscale (p-value=0/001). Teachers and faculty members showed more balance in identity (p=0.014) and relationship (p=0.001). Higher-income participants revealed more life balance in the challenge/interesting subscale (p=0.033).
The results suggested that participants experienced an unbalanced lifestyle during the early phase of COVID-19 isolation.

 Limitations of activities of daily living (ADLs) are well-known in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. However, a lack of consensus regarding the concept of ADL in COPD patients causes problems in their measurement. This study was conducted to clarify and conceptualize the concept of ADLs in COPD.

 The hybrid model of concept analysis consisting of a literature review phase, a fieldwork phase, and an analytical phase was applied. In the first phase, an extensive literature review was performed by searching the accredited databases for relevant articles published within 2000-2022. In the second phase, 18 in-depth interviews with COPD patients were carried out in Tehran, Iran. Field observational notes were transcribed verbatim, and qualitative content analysis was performed. In the analytical phase, attributes of ADLs were derived from the previous two phases.

 Based on the attributes derived from the final analytical phase, ADLs in COPD patients are complex and multifactorial and are affected by dyspnea and factors influencing it. The pattern of daily activities, communication, and self-care in COPD patients changes toward living normally and independently.

 The concept analysis of ADLs in COPD patients revealed some key attributes. The results might be useful for designing nursing models, developing theories and measurement tools, and increasing the capacity to perform ADLs in COPD patients.

Enhancing the independence of children with cerebral palsy in their daily activities can significantly alleviate caregiver stress and challenges, thereby improving the quality of life for caregivers.. This study aimed to identify the influential factors in the independence level of children with CP in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) (selfcare) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) (home participation).

In this cross-sectional study, 116 children with different types of CP (61 boys and 55 girls) in the 4-6 age range and their parents were non-randomly selected through convenience sampling. The Iranian-Children Participation Questionnaire was used to measure the children's independence level in self-care activities and home participation. Several instruments, along with a demographicquestionnaire, were used to assess personal factors, such as the Gross Motor Function Classification System, Manual Ability Classification System, Communication Function Classification System, SPARCLE (for determining children's cognitive level), and Eating and Drinking Ability Classification System. Eventually, the collected data were analyzed using stepwise linear regression

The results showed that the level of Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) and Communication Function Classification System (CFCS) and the child's age had the most correlation with the independence level in self-care activities. Moreover, GMFCS Manual Ability Classification System (MACS), cognitive level, and child's age were most associated with home participation.

Personal factors are more effective than environmental factors in determining the independence of children with CP.

People with knee osteoarthritis have a low quality of life due to joint pain and stiffness, severely limiting their daily activities. This study aims to investigate the impact of self-acupressure on the pain, joint stiffness, and physical functioning of patients with knee osteoarthritis.

This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 78 patients aged 50 to 70 with knee osteoarthritis, referred to Imam Khomeini Hospital and private orthopedic clinics in Ahvaz City, Iran, in 2018. The patients were recruited based on the inclusion criteria and then randomly assigned to three groups: self-acupressure (n=26), sham (n=26), and control (n=26). Patients in the intervention group applied daily self-acupressure to 5 specific points around their knees for 8 consecutive weeks. The sham group applied pressure on the points different from those used by the intervention group. The control group received no intervention. The study data were collected using the Western Ontario and McMaster osteoarthritis index (WOMAC), visual analog scale (VAS), and a checklist for daily recordings of pain medication. The obtained data were analyzed using the chi-square test and analysis of variance in SPSS software, version 20. The significance level was set at P<0.05.

The comparison of changes within the group showed that the intensity of pain in the intervention group decreased over time (P<0.0001). Also, the joint stiffness, physical functioning, and total WOMAC score significantly decreased in the intervention group (P<0.0001). The frequency of analgesic use was also reduced in the intervention group over time (P=0.026).

According to the results, self-acupressure effectively reduces the intensity of pain and joint stiffness and improves the physical performance of older adults with knee osteoarthritis. Overall, this easy and affordable intervention is recommended for this group.

Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) is recommended as a standard, effective, and important treatment for COVID‑19 survivors who remain symptomatic after the acute phase. Therefore, we aimed to compare the effect of mobile phone‑based PR application with face‑to‑face PR on the quality of life, anxiety, depression, and daily life activities of COVID‑19 survivors.

A quasi‑experimental was conducted on 65 COVID‑19 survivors during 2022. Convenient sampling was done based on the inclusion criteria. The intervention group (n = 31) received PR through a mobile phone application, and the control group (n = 34) received face‑to‑face PR. Data were collected before and after the intervention in both groups using a demographic information questionnaire, SF‑12, the hospital anxiety and depression scale, and Barthel scale. For all tests, a maximum error of 5% was considered.

The two studied groups had no statistically significant difference with respect to all the investigated variables at baseline (p > 0.05). After the intervention, the mean anxiety and depression score of the patients in the control group was significantly lower than the intervention group (t = −3.46, f = 63, p = 0.01). After our intervention, there was no statistically significant difference in the mean quality of life and daily life activity scores between the two groups (t = −0.68, f = 63, p > 0.05).

The application of PR does not show a statistically significant difference in terms of improving the quality of life and daily activities compared with the face‑to‑face method; we suggest that the PR application be used as a cost‑effective method when face‑to‑face PR is not possible.

In the context of home care being valued by the Chinese government and the increasing number of disabled older adults, it is of great significance to explore the effect of home care poverty of the older adults on their ability to perform activities of daily living.

A research sample of 2583 older adults from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey data in 2018 was adopted. There were 422 participants in the treatment group and 2161 participants in the control group. According to the framework of counterfactual analysis, the kernel matching method was used to match the treatment and control groups to calculate the values of average treatment effects on treated (ATT).

The results of the kernel matching method showed that the factual ADL score of the treatment group was 6.886, the counterfactual ADL score of the control group was 8.520, and the ATT value was -1.634 (P<0.05). There were gender and urban-rural differences in the relationship between home care poverty and activities of daily living among older people. In gender samples, there was a significant correlation between the two, and the absolute value of ATT in male samples was higher than that in female samples (P<0.05). In the rural samples, there was a significant correlation between the two variables (P<0.05). But in the urban samples, there was no significant correlation between the two variables.

Home care poverty could significantly reduce the ability to perform activities of daily living among older adults in China. Based on the conclusions, the study puts forward several suggestions to solve the home care poverty for the older adults in China.

Aging leads to bodily changes and impairment of functional capacity in older adults. The objective was to analyze the association between socio-demographic and health data, cognitive impairment, and risk of sarcopenia with functional capacity in older adults enrolled in the Family Health Strategies in the rural area of the municipality of Picos, Piauí, Brazil.

Methods & Materials: 

 This is a quantitative and cross-sectional study that was developed with 320 older adults attending the Family Health Strategies located in the rural area of Picos, Piauí, Brazil. The participants were people 60 years old, registered in the Family Health Strategies, and living in a rural area. Data was collected in the older adults’ homes using the following instruments: Demographic profile, Self-reported illnesses, Mini-Mental State Examination, Barthel Index, Lawton and Brody Scale, and SARC-F.

It was found that 70% had cognitive impairment, 53.8% were at risk of sarcopenia, with a mean of 93.72 (SD=11.84) points for basic activities daily living, and 77.8% with partial dependence for instrumental activities daily living with a mean of 16.79 (SD=3.79) points. In the multivariate multiple regression, it was identified that there was an association between Basic Activities of Daily Living and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living with age (p<0.001), number of children (p=0,025), education (p=0.003), monthly income (p=0.018), number of diseases (p<0.001), sarcopenia (p<0.001) and cognitive status (p<0.001).

A high prevalence of functional disability was identified in elderly people living in the rural area of ​​Picos, Piauí, Brazil. Therefore, it is important to pay attention to factors associated with dependence on daily activities.

Dependence in bathing is the most common activities of daily living (ADLs) dependency among older adults. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of bathing skills training on the independence and satisfaction of older adults living in nursing homes.

In this randomized controlled trial, 80 participants were assigned randomly to the intervention (n = 40) and control groups (n = 40). The intervention group received 10 weekly bathing skills training sessions, with each session lasting about 60 minutes, while the control group received no direct training. The evaluation was conducted using the Modified Barthel Index (MBI) and the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM). Analysis of variance for repeated measurements was used to test the effect of intervention at the baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up.

The mean improvement in the MBI was greater for the intervention group (P < 0.001; partial η2 = 0.34), which remained significant at the follow-up (P < 0.001; partial η2 = 0.41). The greater mean change of the COPM–Performance was significant in the intervention group (P < 0.001; partial η2 = 0.17), which remained significant at the follow-up (P < 0.001; partial η2 = 0.19). The greater mean improvement of the COPM–Satisfaction was observed for the intervention group (P < 0.001; partial η2 = 0.36), which remained at the follow-up (P = 0.001; partial η2 = 0.42).

Bathing skills training is effective in improving the ADLs independence and satisfaction in older adults living in nursing homes; thus, it is recommended to be included in the schedules of nursing homes.

To determine the association between cervical radiculopathy and quality of life (QoL) in patients with cervical spondylosis.

This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted on 273 patients in five hospitals in Lahore within 3 months from April to June 2021. The Spurling test was used to measure cervical radiculopathy. The participants were selected according to the inclusion criteria. The Spurling test was used to measure cervical radiculopathy and its symptoms. The World Health Organization quality of life scale (WHOQoL) was used to evaluate the QoL of patients suffering from cervical spondylosis. 

Of 273 patients, 42.9% were male and 57.1% female. Their Mean±SD age was 42±11.9 years. Also, 70.3% had positive Spurling test, and 29.7% had negative results. Their Mean±SD physical health score was 11.70±1.74 (out of a total of 20), and their Mean±SD psychological health score was 11.75±1.78 (out of a total of 20). The Mean±SD social relationships score was 11.19±2.98 (out of a total of 20), and their Mean±SD environment health score was 11.13±3.08 out of a total of 20. P indicates a significant difference in the QoL between patients with positive and negative Spurling tests. Patients with negative Spurling tests had higher QoL scores. Greater scores denote a higher QoL

There is a significant association between cervical radiculopathy and QoL in patients with cervical spondylosis. These results will help us in the future to design educational programs or modify the lifestyle of those patients with cervical radiculopathy. This research concluded that there is a significant difference in the QoL among patients with positive and negative Spurling tests. Patients with negative Spurling tests have higher QoL scores. Hence there is a significant association between diagnosed cervical radiculopathy and QoL.

Post-traumatic epilepsy is one of the most common and disabling sequels of traumatic brain injury and is defined as repeated unprovoked seizures seven days after traumatic brain injury. The present study aimed to determine the late consequences of epilepsy in veterans with traumatic brain injury during the imposed Iran-Iraq war.
Instruments &

This study was observational cohort research in 2022. The sample of the study included all living veterans with a history of Post-traumatic epilepsy who were covered by the services of the "Veterans Affairs Foundation" of Isfahan, Iran. 218 veterans with epilepsy, who were available, were identified, 100 of them had a traumatic brain injury, and 118 did not have any traumatic brain injury. Data were collected using the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living and Physical Self-Maintenance Scale (IADL-PSMS).

There was a significant difference between veterans with and without traumatic brain injuries in the age at post-traumatic epilepsy debut (p<0.05). Epilepsy characteristics were not significantly different between the two groups (p>0.05). The mean score of MMSE in veterans with and without traumatic brain injuries was significantly different (p<0.05). The Recall and Registration subscales were significantly different in veterans with/without traumatic brain injuries (p<0.05).

The ability to perform daily activities and cognitive function are lower in veterans with epilepsy with traumatic brain injuries compared to veterans with epilepsy without traumatic brain injuries.

Stroke is one of the major causes of disability among individuals. Transitional care of a stroke patient can contribute to sustaining and enhancing the quality of care. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of implementing a program based on the transitional care model on the quality of life and ability of doing daily activities among patients suffering from stroke.

This research was an interventional study performed on 80 patients with stroke referring to the hospitals affiliated with Isfahan University of medical sciences. For data collection, demographic, quality of life measurement following stroke, and Bartell index of daily activity measurement questionnaires were used at the beginning of the study and 10 weeks following discharge. The transitional care model was undertaken for the intervention group from the second day of hospitalization until 10 weeks postdischarge. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and statistical methods.

The results indicated that the mean quality of life and ability of performing the activities changed significantly after the intervention between the two groups, with the mean changes of these scores becoming significant compared to the preintervention between the two groups (P < 0.05). In both groups, the mean value of these scores increased after the study compared to the baseline, though this increase was greater in the intervention group.

Implementing the transitional care model could contribute to improving the quality of life and performing the daily activities among stroke patients.

This retrospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and tolerance of rituximab (RTX) for the management of myasthenia gravis (MG).

This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 61 patients with refractory and non-refractory MG who received RTX. The Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL) profile was used to assess MG symptoms and their effects on daily activities at the start of RTX and in the last follow-up. The Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America Post-Intervention Status (MGFA-PIS) scale has been used as an outcome measure after treatment with RTX in the 12th month and the last follow-up.

The mean age of the patients was 40.31 ± 13.53 years (range: 15-78 years). Of 61 patients, eight (13.1%) were double seronegative, 29 (47.5%) had anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR+) antibody, and 24 (39.3%) had anti-muscle-specific tyrosine kinase antibody (MuSK+). According to the mean rank table, the results of this study showed that the drug was more effective in improving the symptoms of MuSK+ patients compared to the other two groups (P = 0.006). The mean MG-ADL was 4.86 ± 1.83 before treatment and 1.51 ± 2.02 in the last follow-up visit. Paired t-test showed a significant association between MG-ADL before and after treatment in the last visit [t(55): 11.30, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.79-3.99, P = 0.001)].

This retrospective study showed a considerable effect of RTX as induction therapy in patients with MG, especially those with MuSk+ MG.

 The physical problems associated with burns can cause patients various difficulties and negatively affect their independence as well as participation in daily life activities.

 This study aimed to evaluate the effect of a rehabilitation nursing program on hand burn patients’ daily functioning.

 The present randomized clinical trial was conducted to examine 60 hand burn patients referred to the Shahid Motahari Hospital of Tehran, Iran, between November 4, 2020, and April 19, 2021. The patients were randomly divided into two groups using the block randomization method (n = 30 per group). The intervention group received a 5-week rehabilitation nursing program in two steps: during the acute stage of the disorder (i.e., the time of admission) and during the recovery stage (i.e., before discharge). Data were collected in each step using the General Activities of Daily Living (GADL) questionnaire. The control group received routine care. Inferential and descriptive statistics, such as the independent and paired t-test, as well as the chi-square test and analysis of covariance, were used to analyze the data.

 The results showed no significant difference in the daily performance of the individuals assigned to the study groups prior to the rehabilitation program (P = 0.29). According to the results of covariance analysis, the overall performance mean scores of the two groups were significantly different after implementing the nursing rehabilitation program, with a significantly higher score (i.e., better performance) recorded for the intervention group (P < 0.001). Also, the means of pre- and post-intervention performance scores were significantly different in the rehabilitation group (P < 0.001), but they were not significantly different in the control group.

 It was concluded that implementing a rehabilitation nursing program improved the daily performance of patients with hand burns, which offered a valid ground for accelerating the rehabilitation of these patients and shortening the period they needed to return to society.