جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "adolescence" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

One of the patterns among teenagers is the consumption of all types of tobacco, especially cigarettes, which are widely and commonly available. Currently, smoking is the main cause of preventable deaths in the world and accounts for a significant part of social inequalities in health and mortality. So, applying the reliable measures for assessment this domain is crucial.  The purpose of this research is to investigate the validity and reliability of smoking temptation coping questionnaire (STCQ) among second-year high school boys and girls in Tehran.

The target population studied in this research consisted of male and female students in six districts of Tehran. First, six districts were selected among the schools in the districts of Tehran city by cluster sampling method. Considering Morgan's table, a sample size of 341 people was selected. Collecting the required information was done STCQ. Also, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, content validity, and correlation coefficient were analyzed by SPSS and LIRSEL softwares.

The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the indicators of the questionnaire were influenced by 2 underlying factors. These 2 factors were able to explain more than 52% of the variance of the total score of STCQ. Examining the convergent and discriminant validity of the construct also showed this scale has convergent and discriminant validity. The results showed that each factor was able to explain some percentage of the variance of the set of variables. Therefore, from the total of 13 indicators, they can be reduced to 1 conceptual factor. The examination of the convergent and discriminant validity of the construct also showed that this scale has convergent and discriminant validity. According to the experts, the content and form validity results were reported to be acceptable. In the end, concurrent validity was confirmed by using Pearson's correlation coefficient due to the significance of the correlation coefficients between the variables in the studied samples (p<0.05).

Persian version of smoking temptation coping questionnaire (STCQ) is a valid and reliable tool for assessment among both geners in adolescence.

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is associated with violence, disobedience, stubbornness, anger, and aggression. The role of promoting emotional intelligence on psychological manifestations such as aggression and social anxiety has not been studied.

In a pilot randomized clinical trial, during October 2017 to March 2018, 30 adolescents with a diagnosis of ODD were purposefully selected. Subjects were divided into two groups through block randomization (BR). Emotional intelligence education was provided to the experimental group in the form of eight one-hour weekly sessions and the control group was placed on a waiting list. Participants answered the questionnaires of emotional intelligence, social anxiety, and aggression in two time periods before and after treatment. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance in SPSS software version 21.

Preliminary results showed that the intervention of emotional intelligence education had a significant effect on the indicators of aggression, emotional intelligence, and social anxiety (all p's <0.05). Secondary outcomes showed that this intervention was effective on the indicators of physical discomfort and social anxiety (p >0.05).

The findings of the present study indicate the effective role of emotional intelligence education on psychological indices such as aggression, emotional intelligence and social anxiety. These findings could be associated with clinical applications in the prevention and treatment of oppositional defiant disorder in adolescents.

During adolescence, nutrition is crucial for physical and cognitive development, yet socio-economic disparities and nutritional deficiencies, especially in girls, lead to health vulnerabilities, including high anemia rates. Despite recent data from the National Family Health Survey, there is limited information on adolescents aged 11-16 years, requiring targeted research. This cross-sectional study aims to assess the nutritional status, determine the prevalence of anemia, and explore associated factors among adolescent girls of the scheduled caste in District Yamunanagar, Haryana, India.

The study sampled 450 scheduled caste girls aged 11-16 years from schools in District Yamunanagar, Haryana. Height and weight were measured to calculate Body Mass Index (BMI). Data on micro-environmental factors, socio-economic and demographic variables, and dietary habits were collected through interview-based schedule. Hemoglobin levels were measured using Sahli’s Acid Haematin technique, and nutritional status was assessed using the World Health Organization (WHO) standards (Z-score method).

The study found increases in height, weight, and BMI with age, with notable spurts at 12-13 years for height and 11-12 years for weight and BMI. Significant differences in height, weight, and BMI were observed between age groups. Moreover, 92.2% girls were found to be anemic, with most of them suffering from moderate anemia. Additionally, the prevalence of stunting was 67.33% and wasting was 64.90% among the girls. Household size, number of family members and menarcheal status of the girls showed a significant association with the nutritional status and anemic of the girls.

The study emphasizes the need of regular screening and timely interventions to improve the nutritional and anemic status of adolescent girls.

Oral health is imperative for holistic well-being, transcending dental considerations. Analyzing hygiene practices in diverse areas facilitates strategic health planning. This study evaluated and compared oral health and behaviors among male students aged 13-15 years old attending both central and suburban high schools in Zahedan, Iran. This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted during the 2019-2020 school year on 260 male students aged 13-15 in Zahedan, Iran. The study had 130 students in the suburban (case) group and 130 in the central (control) group. Oral health status was measured using Decay, Missing, Filling, Teeth (DMFT) Index and the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). A questionnaire was used to assess behaviors. Statistical analyses included Independent Samples t-Test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Chi-square test. The prevalence of dental caries was similar between the groups (P=0.31), but the case group had a significantly higher prevalence of periodontal involvement (P=0.03). The mean DMFT index was higher in the case group (P=0.05), and the distribution of DMFT scores differed significantly between the two groups (P=0.02). There was a significant difference in the CPI index of the two study groups (P=0.0001). Oral health behaviors revealed that the case group had a higher frequency of not brushing teeth and using alternative cleaning methods compared with the control group. Our findings indicated that students from the suburban area of Zahedan had poorer oral health status and weaker oral health behaviors compared with the students from the central city. These results underscored the importance of considering regional disparities in oral health and hygiene practices when developing targeted health initiatives for the local population.

Hypothyroidism can play an important role in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study compared the thyroid function tests in overweight and obese children and adolescents with and without NAFLD.

This case-control study was conducted on 100 children and adolescents aged 4-18 years who referred to the endocrinology clinic of Amirkola Children's Hospital, Babol, Iran in 2021. 42 obese and overweight children with NAFLD were considered as case group and 56 persons without NAFLD as control group. They were selected after physical examination and body mass index (BMI) assessment. Then, TSH, T4, FBS, lipid profile, 25(OH) vit D3 (VD), AST and ALT levels were measured. Abdominal ultrasound was performed to survey fatty liver. T-test and Chi-score were used for analysis and p< 0.05 was considered significant.

The mean age in both group was 11.63±2.55 and 10.07±2.61 years, respectively (P=0.004). Hypothyroidism was not seen in the groups. Two groups in terms of mean TSH (P=0.92), T4 (P=0.87), FBS (P=0.33), cholesterol (P=0.44), LDL (P=0.35), VD (P=0.07) had no significant difference. However, difference was found between the two groups in terms of the mean level of AST (P=0.003), ALT (P=0.001), TG (P=0.02), HDL (P=0.01) and BMI (P<0.001). 

This study showed that the mean level of thyroid hormones in both groups did not have significant difference and hypothyroidism was not seen. Other studies with larger sample size and longer periods of time are suggested.

With the presence of the internet in daily life, it has become crucial to explore its purposes, implications, and effects on the mental health of users. As adolescents are a vulnerable age group, this study was conducted on Indian medical students in late adolescence to learn how the internet impacts their lives. We aim to explore the severity of problematic internet use (PIU) in Indian medical students. We intend to assess its effects on psychological health and loneliness and correlate PIU with the purpose of using the internet. 

A total of 185 first-year MBBS students of Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute (mean age: 18.07 years) were recruited and administered four questionnaires: Young’s internet addiction test (YIAT20), UCLA loneliness questionnaire (version 3), general health questionnaire (GHQ12), and a self-administered questionnaire (to assess the purpose of internet usage).

Out of 185 students, 67 were average users with complete control of their internet use, and 118 had PIU (113 with frequent, 5 with significant problems). PIU showed a significant positive correlation with psychological morbidity (r=0.34, P<0.0001) and loneliness (r=0.20, P=0.01). Daily mean use of the internet was mostly for social media (51.2%), followed by academics (20%), others (20%), and gaming (8.2%). PIU was significantly and positively correlated to social media usage (r=0.27, P=0.00) and negatively correlated to academics (r=-0.37, P<0.0001). 

In our study, PIU was positively correlated to poor psychological health, loneliness, and use of social media. It showed a negative correlation with academics. This situation may suggest that PIU is linked to psychosocial implications. It may be worthwhile to correlate the purpose of use with the severity of PIU. Social media seems important in India as opposed to China, where gaming is the major concern. As some activities could be more addictive than others and result in a dysfunctional lifestyle, internet use must be regulated and used judiciously.

During early adolescence, peer influences play a crucial role in shaping learning and decision preferences. When teens observe what their peers are doing, they can learn and change their behavior, especially when they are taking risks. Our study incorporated an economical behavioral task and computational modeling framework to examine whether and how early male adolescents’ risk attitudes change when they see information about their peers’ choices.

We recruited 38 middle school male students aged 12-15 years. The experiment consisted of three sessions: The first and third sessions were designed to evaluate the risk attitude of the participants. In the second session, participants were asked to guess the choices made by their peers, and then, the computer gave them feedback on the correctness of their predictions. Each participant was randomly assigned to risk-taking or risk-averse peers. 

Our results revealed that teenagers who predicted risk-averse peers exhibited significant declines in their risk attitudes during the last session. On the other hand, participants with risk-seeking peers exhibited a significantly higher level of risk attitudes after predicting their peers. The data showed that these peer-biased changes in risk attitudes are proportional to the gap between teens and their peers’ risk perspectives. Results showed that their perspectives aligned closer after receiving the information, and approximately a third of the gap was eliminated.

Here, by combining choice data and computational modeling, we demonstrate that risky behavior is contagious among male adolescents. According to our data, peer-biased risk contagion, a socially motivated and deliberate process, is associated with social distance in teens. There's no causal directionality here, but we could speculate that peer influence goes hand-in-hand with social integration as an adaptive process.

With the increase of game addiction, the problem of aggression as one of the most serious issues confronting today’s society is affecting the mental health of the young generation. While available research has clarified the relationship between game addiction and aggression, this research contributes to future literature through examining the mediating role of narcissism and self-control in this relationship.

This study is a quantitative, cross-sectional, correlational research conducted in 2023 on Malaysian adolescents aged 12 to 18 years. Volunteer adolescents completed self-report questionnaires including the Buss and Perry Aggression Questionnaire, Gaming Addiction Scale, Childhood Narcissism Scale, and Brief Self-Control Scale. All questionnaires were prepared through a Sojump link posted on social media platforms. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and path analysis were used for statistical analysis.

N = 595 adolescents were participated in this survey. According to correlation analysis, there were significant positive correlations between game addiction and aggression (r = 0.777, P < 0.001), game addiction and narcissism (r = 0.785, P < 0.001) as well as a significant negative correlation between game addiction and self-control (r = -0.668, P < 0.001). Besides, narcissism and self-control could significantly partially mediate the relationship between game addiction and aggression. The mediation model discovered a significant path from game addiction to narcissism (β = 0.785, CI = [0.7692, 1.0293], P < 0.001) and from narcissism to aggression (β = 0.442, CI [0.7731, 1.7244], P < 0.001). The total effect of game addiction on aggression was found to be statistically significant (β = 0.777, P < 0.001).

The findings of this research reveal a captivating profile, indicating that specific psychological attributes such as aggression, self-control, and narcissistic tendencies might make certain individuals more susceptible to developing an addiction to online games.

Psychosis is one of the most vital disorders in children and youths. The definite pathophysiology of schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders in the growth period has remained ambiguous. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to investigate the predictive value of parental psychiatric disorders and the mediator role of comorbid disorders of children and youths.

The sample, consisting of 29884 individuals aged between 6 to 18 years old from the Iranian population, were selected by multistage cluster sampling during September 22, 2016 to January 3, 2018. Parents were requested to complete a survey around their potential psychiatric disorders, based on their Millon’s Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III (MCMI-III). The Semi-Structured Interview (Kiddie-SADS-Present, Lifetime Form (K-SADS-PL)) was utilized to analyze psychiatric disorders concurring to the DSM.

The fit indices of the model show that the research model has a good fit and the psychiatric disorders of parents directly and indirectly through comorbid disorders are effective on the psychosis symptoms of children and adolescents (RMSEA=0.06, CFI=0.89, PGFI=0.75, PNFI=0.75).The incidence of Schizotypal Personality Disorder, Anxiety, Bipolar Spectrum Disorder, PTSD, Schizophrenia Spectrum and Delusional Disorder were statistically higher in parents of psychotic children and adolescents. However, Borderline Personality Disorder was more frequent among their mothers while Alcohol Dependency and Drug Dependency were significantly more prevalent among their fathers.

The outcomes of our study showed that there were statistically significant differences between the mean scores of each scale assessed by Millon’s inventory between parents of psychotic versus non-psychotic pediatric cases. In addition, psychiatric disorders were more common among children and youths with psychosis spectrum in comparison with the general population.

Adolescence is a tumultuous period during which teenagers grapple with sexual issues and desires stemming from this developmental stage that it may cause risky sexual behaviors. Lack of essential sexual knowledge and awareness can lead them to encounter various sexual problems. Therefore, sexual education is one of the crucial facets of upbringing that must be considered. Doing review studies can shed light on these issues for researchers and specialists in the field of education, enabling them to develop suitable curricula for sexual education and consequently contribute to reducing resulting crises.

Data Sources: 

Accordingly, the primary objective of this research is to analyze viewpoints and key, practical keywords in the field of sexual issues in adolescent girls through a systematic review of articles published between 2011 and 2021.Study Selection: Based on the initial search results, 120 articles were found, and after a thorough review, this number wasreduced to 17.

The results indicate that sexual issues among adolescent girls are increasingly diverse and expanding. This means that compared to the past, when the sexual issues of adolescent girls were often summarized in simpler topics such as menstruation, today is different. Alongside the increase in discussions about sexual matters among adolescent girls, unfortunately, we witness a significant rise in their sexual problems.

Lack of sexual knowledge among parents and school teachers, as well as the absence of comprehensive sexual programs for girls in this age group and the lack of proper sexual awareness, are considered the main causes of these problems and examining and focusing on the sexual issues of this crucial stage in girls' lives can assist in achieving a healthy sexual life and avoiding serious problems.

The COVID-19 pandemic raises a concern about the urgent issue of low levels of digital health literacy (DHL). Adequate DHL may mitigate the negative impacts of proliferating misinformation. This study was aimed at examining the COVID-19 related DHL levels and social media use as digital health information sources among high school students in East Java, Indonesia. The differences in DHL levels across sociodemographic factors, medical history, and social media preferences were also analyzed. This was a cross-sectional study, conducted in 2021, and enrolled high school students aged 15-18. The subjects were selected for convenience, with a minimum sample size of 384. An online questionnaire was shared through a survey platform. The sociodemographic variables and medical history were collected. The DHL measuring items were adapted from the validated DHL instrument developed in the COVID-19 context.  Data were analyzed with SPSS 17.0. We collected 432 responses. More than half of respondents (56.5%) have adequate DHL. Although 81.7 percent of respondents reported that searching for online information was easy, only 53.5 percent reported ease in appraising the reliability aspect. Fathers’ education varied by DHL. Students whose fathers hold post-graduate degrees showed a significantly higher level of DHL than those of lower educational backgrounds. Students experiencing COVID-19 infection of their own or close relatives showed higher total DHL and information search scores. Instagram and TikTok were the most frequently chosen social media as digital health information sources, but no significant difference in DHL across the preference for social media. Even though the information can be obtained easily, there are still difficulties in evaluating its reliability. Considering the proportion of respondents with inadequate DHL, stakeholders in the health and education sectors need to develop DHL-promoting strategies for adolescents. Improvement in evaluating reliability should be the target of focus.

Existence of social anxiety in adolescents have been examined in various cognitive behavioral models such as Clark and Wells Cognitive Model that has been tried to justify the maintenance of this anxiety in them. The present study aimed to investigate the correlation between the variables of Clark and Wells (1995) Cognitive Model and Social Anxiety in Iranian Adolescent students. This was a cross-sectional descriptive study; a student sample (N=220) was selected from Parsian and Asaluyeh schools in 2021-2022. An online form was used to collect data on Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A), Social Phobia Weekly Summary Scale (SPWSS), Focus of Attention Questionnaire – Self-focus subscale (FAQ-S), Report of Youth Social Cognitions (RYSC), Subtle Avoidance Frequency Examination (SAFE), Post-event Processing Questionnaire-5 item version (PEPQ-5), and Birleson Depression Self-Rating Scale (DSRS). Pearson correlation and regression analysis were used for data analysis. A positive correlation was found between social anxiety and anticipatory processing (P<0.001, r=0.33), maladaptive social-evaluative beliefs (P<0.001, r=0.58), safety behaviors (P<0.001, r=0.63), and post-event processing (P<0.001, r=0.28). The high socially anxious group had significantly greater scores on the social anxiety measure and all the maintaining factors (P<0.001) except the self-focus measure (P=0.235). The study results suggested that there is a positive correlation between the variables of Clark and Wells (1995) Cognitive Model and Social Anxiety in Iranian adolescent students.

Adolescents who suffer from chronic diseases, such as major thalassemia are more susceptible to physical, mental, emotional, spiritual, educational, and social self-care failure. These factors are generally more likely to be overcome if affected adolescents have a high level of self-care. This study aimed to assess self-care quality in adolescents with major thalassemia.

This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 200 adolescents with major thalassemia selected by convenience sampling. The Self-Care Assessment Questionnaire (SCAQ) with 52 items in six dimensions was used for data collection. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, independent t-test, Pearson correlation coefficient, and ANOVA.

There was no significant relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and the dimensions of self-care in participants. Adolescents with major thalassemia were found with a high score of quality of self-care. The highest mean scores were related to the dimensions of “emotional/mental self-care (2.44±0.64)”, “social self-care (2.08±0.61)”, and “spiritual self-care (2.07±0.62)”, respectively.

It is recommended that this issue be investigated in other adolescent patients, considering the importance of self-care and its effects on various aspects of quality of life in chronic diseases. Also, planning and implementing patient education is another important management measure to promote self-care in these adolescents.

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), also known as “e-cigarettes” or “vape,” are battery-powered devices made to help smokers quit. Due to their flavors and being less harmful than conventional cigarettes, they have become popular among adolescents and youth. However, the adverse effects of e-cigarettes should also be considered. This review aimed to investigate the relationship between smoking e-cigarettes and experiencing episodes of seizure. 

This review is based on research studies found in PubMed, Scholar, Elsevier, and Scopus databases with “electronic nicotine delivery systems”[Mesh] AND “seizures”[Mesh] as keywords. Among the available research, 15 articles were selected as sources for this writing.

Seizures resulting from the high electrical activity of the brain can be considered a consequence of nicotine toxicity. Inhalation of nicotine increases nicotine levels in plasma. Subsequently, nicotine binds to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) in different body parts. These areas include brain parts associated with seizures and neuronal excitability, where these receptors are highly expressed, and their activation can also lead to seizures.

Although the long-term side effects of e-cigarettes are not fully understood, acute health problems, especially seizures, are now a matter of concern. Seizures might happen possibly due to nicotine toxicity, but the causal relationship between using e-cigarettes and seizures is not yet established and needs more information.