جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « adolescence » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Pigmented lesions appear with different manifestations in focal, multifocal and diffuse forms and can also be a symptom of a systemic disease. These lesions have a significant prevalence in the head and neck area. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of pigmented lesions in the head and neck region in patients referred to Razi Hospital in Tehran.

A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 3000 archived files in Razi Hospital in Tehran in 2018 and 2019. All pigmented lesions in patients under 18 years of age were isolated and analyzed in terms of age, gender, location and histopathological diagnosis. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 and Chi-square and T-test statistical tests. The significance level of statistical tests was considered less than 0.05.

A total of 138 patients under 18 years of age were found with pigmented lesions 56 patients were male (40.6%) and 82 patients were female (59.4%). The average age of the patients was reported to be 11.1 ± 4.6 years. Meanwhile, compound nevus and intradermal nevus lesions were the most prevalent. The most involved sites were cheek (29.7%), nose (16.7%) and head (15.9%). A total of 6 cases of malignant pigmented lesions were found (4.3%).

Nevi types are the most common pigmented lesions in this age group and more frequent in check area.

Utilizing engaging techniques, such as animation, to educate adolescents about oral health can significantly impact their knowledge and behavior, resulting in the prevention of periodontal diseases. The current study aimed to compare the effectiveness of health education utilizing animation vs traditional education methods in improving adolescents' attitudes, behavior, and periodontal markers.

In this interventional study, 371 students aged 13 to 15 were randomly selected by cluster sampling and divided into two groups: control (187 students) and intervention (184 students). Questionnaires and clinical examinations of the Gingival Index (GI), Plaque Index (PI), and Sulcus Bleeding Index (SBI) were completed before and four weeks following the intervention, and the data were entered into the SPSS software (v. 23). The independent t-test and covariance analysis were used to analyze the data, and P<0.05 was considered significant.

After the intervention, the average scores of knowledge, behavior, GI, PI, and SBI indices were changed from 6.27, 5.90, 1.10, 0.85, and 0.31 to 7.53, 7.08, 0.73, 0.53, and 0.21, respectively. All indices in the control group also improved; however, after the intervention, a significant difference was recorded between the animation group and the control group in all indices, except health behavior (P<0.05).

Oral health education through animation is a novel and effective approach that can be more appealing to adolescents and beneficial in reducing periodontal diseases in young patients.

Adolescence is a sensitive and critical stage of human development marked by numerous physical, sexual, and mental changes. Chronic diseases can significantly impact the identity formation process during adolescence due to its unique developmental characteristics. Diabetes, as one such chronic disease, has long-term effects on adolescents, including low sleep quality. Spirituality, particularly in children and adolescents, alongside routine care, can influence how individuals cope with stress, pain intensity, interpersonal relationships, and their overall quality of life, ultimately enhancing the lives of children with chronic diseases.

This experimental study aimed to investigate the impact of spiritual self-care training on the sleep quality of adolescents aged 12 to 20 with diabetes. The study was conducted in Qaemshahr city, with participants recruited from comprehensive urban and rural health service centers, using a simple random allocation method. A pre-test and post-test design was employed, with a total of 66 diabetic teenagers (33 in the test group, 33 in the control group) who provided written consent. Data were collected using the Petersburg Sleep Quality Questionnaire. The test group received training in White's spiritual self-care during six sessions lasting 30 to 45 minutes each. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.

Prior to the intervention, the average sleep quality was 15.06±3.4 in the test group and 13.84±3.38 in the control group. After the intervention, the control group's sleep quality improved to 14.26±3.31, while the test group's sleep quality improved significantly to 12.47±3.49 (P < 0.01, Eta = 0.12). Notably, 12% of the improvements in sleep quality were attributed to the spiritual self-care of diabetic adolescents. Significant differences were observed in the components of mental quality of sleep, sleep duration, and daily dysfunction (p < 0.01).

The study highlights the significant role of spiritual self-care training in enhancing the sleep quality of diabetic adolescents, emphasizing the potential for nurses and healthcare workers to provide this training to patients. It is recommended that this research be expanded to include complementary self-care methods in various communities, especially in larger cities. Additionally, longitudinal studies are encouraged to assess the long-term effects of this intervention.

Experience of separation from mother can cause lasting changes in brain structure. Meanwhile, exposure to opioids in adolescence can affect cognitive abilities. In this study, effects of maternal deprivation stress and exposure to morphine in adolescence on anxiety-like behaviors and working memory were evaluated in adult rats.

Male and female Wistar rats including control, maternal deprivation stress (Str), receiving morphine (Morphine) in adolescent, and Morphine with Stress (Mor + Str) group were selected. In the Str group, the offspring was separated from their mothers 3 hours/day for 14 days. Morphine group received increasing doses of morphine from 2.5 to 25 mg/kg for 10 days (31-40 postnatal day). Open field test, elevated plus maze and Y maze were used to investigate locomotor activity, anxiety-like behaviors and working memory of animals, respectively.

There was no significant difference in locomotor activity between morphine and control groups. Morphine group in both sexes spent more time in center of the open field compared to control group, and unlike the Mor + Str group, had stable anti-anxiety behavioral effects until adulthood. Working memory was impaired in both Morphine and Mor + Str groups in both sexes compared to control group.

Maternal deprivation and substance abuse have lasting effects on occurrence of anxiety-like behaviors during the developmental period of adolescence. Maturation of the nervous system can be affected by these adverse environmental factors and underwent permanent behavioral changes and cognitive disorders.

Bereavement and loss are very significant events in the lives of individuals with intellectual disabilities. While thinking about death and dealing with related questions are common during adolescence, adolescents with intellectual disabilities often receive little information about death, particularly when it comes to the death of their loved ones. The objective of the present research was to clarify the concept of death in adolescents with mild intellectual disabilities and borderline intellectual functioning, using the existential phenomenology approach.

The research was designed qualitatively and existentially, the research community consisted of adolescents who were studying in special schools located in Bandar Anzali city in 2022. The data was collected by conducting semi-structured interviews with 23 adolescents who had mild intellectual disabilities (IQ: 50-70) and borderline intellectual functioning (IQ: 70-85). The data analysis was performed manually and using the Dickelman method (1992) simultaneously with the data collection process.

In the data analysis, three main themes were extracted: "Death-Related Experiences", "Continuity of Death in the Context of Life" and "Life against Death", and each of these main themes emerged through the analysis of several sub-themes.

The findings of this study, in alignment with the theoretical basis and existential phenomenology research, highlight that adolescents with mild intellectual disabilities and borderline intellectual functioning perceive death as an existential structure. They also emphasized the need for more awareness of issues related to death. Despite their efforts to make sense of life, they feel that people around them often overlook their developmental needs. These insights, along with other research evidence concerning the issue of existential death, provide valuable information for educational and therapeutic experts. In planning educational and rehabilitation programs for adolescents with intellectual disabilities, it is important to take into account their understanding of existential death, which refers to their awareness of the limitations of one's existence in the context of a time-bound life.

This is a descriptive correlational study of the type of structural equation conducted aiming at investigating the structural model of attitude towards body image based on the Achievement Identity Status with the mediating role of sociocultural attitude towards appearance and self-acceptance among adolescent girls.

Methods and Materials:

 The study’s statistical population included all adolescent girls studying in the secondary level in Isfahan city in the academic year 2020-2019, 567 of whom were chosen by cluster random sampling, so that one of the six districts of education in Isfahan (District 5) was randomly selected and among the schools of this district, six schools and from each school, five classes (30 classes in total) were randomly selected and asked to participate in the study. To collect data, Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ), Extended Objective Measure of Ego Identity Status (EOM-EIS-2), sociocultural attitudes towards appearance questionnaire-3 (SATAQ-3), and unconditional self-acceptance questionnaire (USAQ) were used. To analyze the data, structural equation modeling (SEM) was used with AMOS.

According to the findings, there is a significant relationship between the variables of identity status, sociocultural attitude towards appearance, and self-acceptance and attitude towards body image. Moreover, the findings revealed the effect of the achievement identity status on the attitude towards body image by mediating role of sociocultural attitude towards appearance and self-acceptance, and among adolescent girls, the proposed model has a good fit.

The identity status affects the type of people’s attitude towards their body image as their first experienced ego by mediating role of the sociocultural attitude towards appearance and self-acceptance; hence, to improve the people’s attitude towards their body image, counseling centers, beauty centers, and schools are suggested to consider the aforementioned variables.

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is an issue primarily of concern in adolescents and young adults. The Ottawa self-Injury inventory (OSI) is a self-report measure that offers a comprehensive assessment of NSSI, including the measurement of its functions and addictive features. Thus, this study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Ottawa self-Injury inventory-functions (OSI-F) for assessing NSSI for gifted adolescents.

In this correlational study, 350 gifted adolescents who were selected using the convenience sampling method, answered the OSI-F, the short version of the self-harm screening inventory for adolescents, the depression, anxiety and stress scale, and the psychological capital questionnaire.

The results of confirmatory factor analysis in line with the results of other studies supported the factor structure consisting of four factors. The model showed significant correlations between factors (rs=0.55-0.75, p<0.001). The results of the confirmatory factor analysis also confirmed the factor structure of the addictive characteristics of self-injurious behaviors. All the items had significant path estimates (0.42 to 0.83). Cronbach’s alpha for factors of internal emotional regulation, social influence, external emotional regulation, and sensation seeking in the scale of self-injurious behavior functions was equal to 0.86, 0.87, 0.64, and 0.72, respectively, and for the scale of addictive characteristics was 0.87. Convergent validity of scales of functions and addictive characteristics of self-injurious behavior was obtained through the relationship with scores in scales of anxiety, depression, stress, and deliberate self-injurious behaviors, as well as psychological capital factors.

  Results showed preliminary psychometric support for the OSI as a valid and reliable assessment tool to be used in both research and clinical contexts.

Pregnancy is associated with physiological and psychological changes. Pregnancy in adolescence may affect the quality of life (QoL) of young women. This study aims to investigate the QoL of adolescent pregnant women in Arak, Iran.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 217 adolescent pregnant women referred to comprehensive health centers in urban areas of Arak city in 2020 who were selected by a multi-stage sampling method. A demographic form and the QoL gravidarum questionnaire (QoL-GRAV) were used to collect information. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data and independent t-test, analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation test were used to examine the relationship between the study variables in SPSS software, version 22. Significance level was set at 0.05.

The mean age of participants was 17.86±1.42 years. Their mean total score of QoL was 1.83±0.56, which was higher than average. They had the highest score in the psychological health domain (Mean=2.01) and the lowest score in the social functioning domain (Mean=1.5). Mother's educational level, husband's educational level, economic status , and pregnancy status (unplanned/planned) according to women and their husbands had a statistically significant relationship with the QoL.

The QoL of adolescent pregnant women in Arak is higher than the average. Those with higher educational level, those with husbands having higher educational level, those with better economic status, and those with planned pregnancy have better QoL.