جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « altruism » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The occurrence of all kinds of errors and mistakes imposes many costs on the hospital and society. Whistleblowing and error reporting plays an essential role in preventing and reducing errors, but the rate of error reporting in hospitals is low. This research was conducted in order to investigate the effect of selected individual factors on whistleblowing of hospital employees.

Materials:

 The research was conducted as a descriptive correlational study. 229 nursing and para clinic staff of a hospital in Tehran were selected by random sampling. A standard questionnaire with 69 items from valid questionnaires of selected factors, including organizational commitment, source of control, moral judgment, altruism, individual's attitude towards whistleblowing and intention to whistleblowing was collected and its validity and reliability were confirmed. The method of data analysis was confirmatory factor analysis and SPSS and Amos software were used as well.

The variables of organizational commitment, altruism and individual's attitude towards whistleblowing have an effect on the intention of whistleblowing, and moral judgment and source of control have no effect on the intention of whistleblowing. Also, individual variables such as age, gender, and work experience did not have a significant effect on the intention to blow the whistle.

Strengthening organizational commitment, altruism of employees and the positive attitude of the individual toward whistle-blowing play an important role in improving error reporting. Hospital management methods can strengthen or weaken these factors. Participatory management style, job empowerment, supporting and creating a safe environment for reporting, promoting employees' ethical and professional principles,  and learning and sharing medical errors are effective measures in promoting whistle-blowing.

 Moral intelligence is one of the influential factors in raising a child that can affect his personal and social development. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of moral intelligence training on altruistic behavior and aggression in children under 7 years old.

This research was a quasi-experimental study in which the pre-test-post-test design with a control group was used. The statistical population of this study consisted of all children aged 4 to 7 years in Yazd in the academic year 2019-2020. Thirty children were selected by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups of experimental and control. The intervention program consisted of seven 30-minutes sessions of moral intelligence training that were presented to the children in the experimental group. Data collection tools included two questionnaires of aggression in preschool children Vahedi et al. (2008) and the abilities and problems of Goodman et al. (1997). Questionnaires were completed for participants in both groups, before and after the intervention and also after one month of the study (follow-up stage). Finally, the data were analyzed using analysis of covariance.

After the intervention, there was a significant difference between the scores in the experimental and control groups after the intervention and also after three weeks of the intervention (follow-up stage). Aggression was reduced in children (P <0.001), and altruistic behavior in children had increased (P <0.05).

Teaching moral intelligence components is effective in improving aggression and altruism in children under 7 years old, and moral intelligence training can be used to improve aggression and altruism in children under 7 years old.

Nurseschr('39') attitudes affect their preference for working with the elderly as well as the quality of care. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors related to nurseschr('39') attitudes toward caring of elders and the predictive role of altruism, moral intelligence, life satisfaction and general health in Sabzevar hospitals in 2019..

This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was performed on 265 randomly selected nurses in Sabzevar hospitals in 2019. Data were collected using demographic information questionnaire, Kogan Attitudes Toward Old People Scale , lennick and kiel moral intelligence questionnaire, Carlochr('39')s altruism questionnaire, Dinerchr('39')s Satisfaction With Life Scale , and General Health Questionnaire-28 (GHQ-28). Data were analyzed via descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation and frequency) and inferential statistics (correlation coefficient, linear regression, and independent t-test) using SPSS software version 16. A significance level of 0.05 was considered.

The mean age of participants was 33.10±7.17. Nurses had a positive attitude toward the care of the elderlies. The mean score of nurseschr('39') attitudes was 155.39 ± 17.74. There was no significant relationship between nurseschr('39') attitudes and variables such as age, sex, marital status, education, work experience, place of work, and general health of nurses (P Value> 0/05). The results of multivariate regression model showed that the factors of moral intelligence (P = 0.01), altruism (P = 0.008) and life satisfaction (P = 0.03) had a significant relationship with nurseschr('39') attitudes toward caring for the elderly.

Since the attitude of nurses to elders care is predictable with moral intelligence, altruism and life satisfaction. It seems that the evaluation of these characteristics in nurses who provide services to the elderly can positively affect to their attitudes and prevent phenomena such as age discrimination.

Prosocial behavior can offer clinical, psychological, and biological applications to improve the health of patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of religious attitude on prosocial behavior considering the mediating roles of empathy and altruism in nursing and medical students.

A descriptive-correlational study was performed in 2018-2019 academic year. The research population included all nursing and medical students in Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences. Participants were 361 students selected via convenient sampling. The Prosocial Tendencies Measure, Allport religious orientation, Self-Report Altruism Scale (SRA), and Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI) were administered. Data analysis was done using Pearson Correlation Coefficient and structural equation modeling in AMOS.

According to the findings, religious orientation, altruism and empathy were significantly correlated with prosocial behavior (P<0.01). Also, the final model has a good fitness. Religious orientation was found to have direct positive effect on prosocial behavior, altruism and empathy. Empathy and altruism had a mediating role between religious orientation and prosocial behavior.

Based on the role of religious orientation, altruism and empathy in predicting prosocial behavior, this model can be used in interventions to promote prosocial behavior in nurses and doctors.

Provision of proper care by nurses without considering their prosocial tendencies is not possible. This concept is an important component of nursing care quality. The present study aimed to determine the prosocial tendencies among nurses.

This cross-sectional, descriptive study was on 200 nurses employed in four teaching hospitals affiliated to Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2019. The participants were selected via quota sampling. Data were collected using a demographic questionnaire and validated and reliable prosocial tendencies scale by Carlo et al. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 19 using descriptive and analytical statistics.

The mean total score of prosocial tendencies in the nurses was 88.9±15.74. Among the prosocial tendencies, unknown dimensions (3.81±0.88), critical dimension (3.72±0.92), emotional dimension (3.72±1.1), compliant dimension (3.68±0.78), and altruistic tendencies (3.15±0.82) had the highest to the lowest mean scores, respectively. No significant correlations were observed between the demographic data and prosocial tendencies.

Nursing managers must recognize the elements involved in the prosocial tendencies of nurses in order to promote the quality of nursing care. Among these tendencies, the strengthening of the altruistic tendency for nurses should be more prominent, which could be achieved through implementing workshops in this regard.

Donation and transplantation of the human organ are a subject of discussion in scientific-social circles and the need for it grows day by day. Many variables affect the attitude toward organ donation, one of which is moral beliefs. In fact, what the majority of people admire, is considered moral by ones adhere to moralities, while what the majority of people condemn, is considered as immorality. Altruism is another variable that is associated with attitudes to organ donation. There are two distinct forces in every human being. One of them is focused on the self and in the pursuit of self-interest, and the other is focused on the interest of others which is called altruism. A significant relationship has been observed between altruistic motivation and the tendency of people to donate organs. Another variable that can be associated with attitudes to organ donation, is the practice of religious beliefs. The religion is a truth that has a significant presence in human life, and religious beliefs are determining factors in the decision to donate organs, especially in the families of patients with brain death. Altruism and moral and religious beliefs have fundamental roles in the culture of organ donation. This study aimed to determine the role of moral beliefs and altruism in explaining attitudes toward organ donation with the mediation of act to religious beliefs.
This descriptive cross-sectional study which is based on Structural Equation Model, was conducted on 323 medical students of medical sciences of Azad and Public Universities in the cities of Miandoab and Mahabad in 2015, who were selected using Cochran formula and multi-stage cluster method. First, from the educational groups, 7 groups were randomly selected; then, from each cluster, 46 patients were selected by simple randomization. Researcher-made questionnaire of moral beliefs, altruism questionnaire of Carlo, Tihana scale of attitude to organ donation, and Nilson scale of practice of religious beliefs were used to collect information. In order to describe demographic data and calculate the Pearson correlation test, SPSS ver.22 software was used, while AMOS ver. 22 was used to draw and evaluate the fitting of the proposed model, and to study the direct and indirect effect of variables. Bootstrap method was used to test the mediation routes in the proposed model.
Ethical Considerations: After explaining the objectives and the importance of research, and putting emphasis on the confidentiality of information, verbal consent was obtained from the students for participation in the research.
Findings: There was a significant and positive correlation between the attitude toward organ donation with the variable of act to religious beliefs (r=0.442 and p=0.001), moral beliefs (r=0.416 and p=0.003), and altruism (r=0.298 and p=0.005). According to the index of fitness, chi-square to degrees of freedom ratio was calculated equal to 2.22, Comparative Fit Index equal to 0.99, Incremental Fit Index equal to 0.97, Normalized Fit Index equal to 0.96, and Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation equal to 0.08, indicating that the final model has a good fit. Also, direct route of the all routes existing in variables in the model is significant at p Findings in the final model confirm the direct impact of altruistic and moral beliefs on the attitudes to organ donation, and also the indirect effect of altruistic and moral beliefs with mediation of practice of religious beliefs on the attitude toward organ donation. It can be concluded that the students show the moral and popular behaviors as preferring he interests of patients in need of organ donation, listening sympathetically to their concerns, and trying to mitigate the suffering of these patients through organ donation reception. According to the effect of moral beliefs, altruism, and act to religious beliefs on attitude toward organ donation, student's positive attitudes towards organ donation can be increased by promoting moral beliefs through individual and group educations. Correlation study was seen as a limitation, and it cannot be said that predictor variables are the main cause of the criterion variable. Therefore, it is suggested to study the effect of other psychological and social characteristics on attitude toward organ donation. Moreover, since questionnaires were completed in a self-reported method, there was no possibility of bias in the response. Hence, in order to increase the generalizability of the findings, it is recommended to conduct the study in a more broadly using the methods of interview, observation and application of their results.

Background and Social ethics, altruism, and religious beliefs are the most effective factors in human behavior and can play a fundamental role in promoting the culture of organ donation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of social ethics and altruism in attitudes towards organ donation with mediation of religiousness.

This descriptive, correlational study was based on the structural model, which was performed on 323 medical students of Azad and state universities in Maraghe and Bonab in 2015. The participants were chosen through multi-stage cluster sampling. Data was collected using a researcher-made questionnaire on students’ attitudes toward social ethics, Carlo et al. altruism scale, Tihana et al. organ donation attitude questionnaire, and religious beliefs’ scale of Nielsen. The suggested model was assessed by performing structural equation modeling using AMOS, version 22. Bootstrapping was used to test mediation path in the suggested model.

The direct effect of social ethics (0.55), altruism (0.37), religion beliefs (0.02) on students’ attitudes towards organ donation was significant (P Variables of social ethics, altruism, and religious beliefs affect students’ attitudes towards organ donation. Thus, it seems that promotion of social ethics, altruism, and religious beliefs leads to the increased tendency of students towards organ donation.

Moral intelligence and altruism are the most effective factors on human behavior and it can have be the basic role in expanding of patient rights. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between moral intelligence and altruism with nurse's attitude to the rights of patients.
This is a descriptive-correlational study carried out with 200 nurses in western Azerbaijan in 2015. Kiel and Lennik moral intelligence scale, Carlo and et al altruism scale and Hoshmand and et al rights questionnaire have been used for data collection.
The results of this study indicated that there was a positive relationship between nurses attitude of patients’ rights with altruism (r=0.447), subscale honesty (r=0.234), subscale responsibility(r=0.459), subscale forgiveness (r=0.646) and subscale compassion (r=0.518) of moral intelligence. That was significant at p the results indicated the subscales of moral intelligence and altruism variable has have role in explaining nurses attitude of rights of patients. Thus, it seems that the growth of the moral intelligence and altruism increases the nurses’ attitude to the rights of patients.

Social capital and altruism are the most effective factors on the cultural development of a society and can play an important role in promoting ethics within the health care system. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between social capital and altruism and the ethical attitudes of physicians. This correlational and descriptive study was performed on 322 doctors working in medical centers in west Azerbaijan during 2013 who were selected by cluster-random sampling. Onyx and Bullen social capital scale، Carlo et al. altruism scale and Karamporian et al. ethics questionnaire were used to collect data. The results of this study indicated that there was a significant positive relationship between the ethical attitudes of physicians and altruism (R = 0. 238)، the structure subscale (R = 0. 489)، cognition subscale (R = 0. 581) and relationship subscale (R = 0. 554) of social capital. The significance level was set at p < 0. 05 in this study. The multi-variable correlation coefficient and enter method indicated that social capital subscales can influence the ethical attitudes of physicians (0. 457). The results showed that there was a correlation between social capital and altruism and ethical attitudes in the medical profession. Thus، it seems that promoting social capital and altruism can positively influence individuals’ ethical attitudes in the medical profession.

Altruism is a high social value and moral & social duty, so its weakness will lead to the social discipline disorders. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the study of how and why these actions occur in the society. By recognizing altruistic actions and the effective factors on its appearance, we can identify other cultural and social components and recognize moral and socio-cultural situations in the society. This research aims to identify the impact of different components of social capital on altruism in social relations in order to facilitate more altruistic aspects of development conditions as much as is necessary. In this document search study, by using secondary analysis, data was collected and analyzed from Iran University of Medical Sciences, World Health Organization, Tehran Municipality and Jihad University in form of "assessment tools and justice response in urban health" in all parishes of Tehran city on August- September 2008. About 20,670 citizens (over 18 years old) were selected and studied in this study. According to the results, people with high social capital are more altruistic than others. The results of regression due to social capital components such as social trust, formal partnership, informal partnership, social relationship, values and sense of belonging show that among social capital components only social trust, sense of belonging and informal partnership have a meaningful and positive effect on altruism. Regarding all independent variables, the components such as social trust, sense of belonging, informal partnership and education have meaningful and positive effects on altruism. The results show that social capital and its components have a significant effect on altruistic actions. Therefore, with strengthening social capital, some measures should be taken in order to develop a comprehensive and balanced personality and social system and to promote the level of society and personality system, ethical practices and more specifically altruistic actions increase.

Social capital and altruism are the most effective factors on cultural growth of society and it can be basic role for expanding of organ donation culture and help to increase society health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of social capital and altruism in prediction of medical doctor's attitudes to organ donation. This correlational and descriptive study was performed on 300 medical doctors working at medical university in West Azerbaijan province in 2013 who were selected by cluster-random sampling. Onyx and Bullen social capital scale (score range between 35 and 140), Rossi and et al altruism scale (score range between 0 and 40) and Tihana and et al organ donation attitude questionnaire (score range between 0 and 56) have been used for data collection. The results of this study indicated that there was a positive relationship between medical doctor's attitudes to organ donation with altruism (R=0.228), subscale structure (R=0.521), subscale cognitive (R=0.591) and subscale relationship (R=0.550) of social capital that was significant (p< 0.05). The results of multi-variable correlation coefficient with Enter method indicated subscale of social capital has role on explaining organ donation attitude in medical doctors (R=0.457). The results of this study indicated that the rate of social capital and altruism is the strong factors of medical doctor's attitudes to organ donation. So enhancing social capital and altruism is necessary in people