جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « and elderly » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Aging and obesity have common symptoms, including glucose and lipid metabolism changes. Activation of sirtuin 1 and FOXO1 (Forkhead Box Protein O1) can positively affect metabolic disorders associated with aging and obesity. This research aimed to investigate 16 weeks of combined exercise on the plasma levels of sirtuin 1, FOXO1, and glucose homeostasis in obese elderly.

40 obese elderly men with an average age of 61.90 ± 2.84 were selected and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The participants trained three days a week (each session 90 minutes) for 16 weeks. 48 hours before and after exercise, anthropometric characteristics and plasma values of sirtuin 1, FOXO1, fasting blood sugar, insulin, HOMA-IR (Homeostatic Model Assessment for Insulin Resistance), and HOMA-B (Homeostasis Model Assessment of β-Cell) were taken from the samples and measured by ELISA method. Data analysis was done using SPSS 16 software, independent and dependent t-tests at a significance level of P˂ 0.05.

Levels of fasting blood sugar (P=0.04), and insulin (P=0.008) in the experimental group decreased significantly compared to the control group, while the serum levels of sirtuin1 (P=0.0001) and FOXO1 (P=0.0001) had a significant increase. Correlated t results in the experimental group showed a significant decrease in insulin, HOMA-IR, and HOMA-B (P = 0.001) and a significant increase in the serum levels of sirtuin1 (P = 0.0001) and FOXO1 (P = 0.0001) (P ˂ 0.05).

Based on the results of this study, it seems that 16 weeks of combined training has a favorable effect on improving glucose homeostasis, increasing sirtuin 1 and FOXO1 levels in elderly obese men.

Cognitive disorders affect the elderly’s personal and social life  by causing disturbances in their nervous system, and it is important to identify who is at the highest risk of these disorders; therefore, the present study aims to investigate demographic determinants of the cognitive status in the elderly visiting the Geriatric Cohort Center in Neyshabur.

This cross-sectional study was conducted on 3451 people aged 60 and above (52.5% women and 47.5% men) from 2015 to the end of 2017. The selection of statistical sample was done first by classification method, and then, by random method. Data collection was done using demographic questionnaires, and the questionnaires of Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE)and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA), and data were analyzed using independent t-test, ANOVA, and hierarchical multiple regression in software. were analyzed by SPSS16 software.

With MMSE, one fifth of the participants (20/3%) and with MOCA, almost half of the respondents (49/3%) did not have cognitive disorder. Cognitive disorder became more severe with aging. The severity of cognitive disorder was higher in women (P< 0/05)  those who were living alone(P <0/05), the women who only did housework(P < 0/05), and the cases who were illiterate (P< 0/05).

Screening of cognitive disorders in the elderly and early interventions including holding educational classes, especially for women with low literacy levels whose husbands have died, can prevent the progression of the disorder and improve their quality of life.

Diabetic elderly people face with many problems including increased perceived stress and chronic pain and reduced treatment adherence. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on perceived stress, chronic pain and treatment adherence in diabetic elderly.

This study was quasi-experimental with a pretest and posttest design with a control group. The research population was consisted of elderly diabetics who referred to the health centers of Rafsanjan, which 30 people of whom were selected as a sample after reviewing the inclusion criteria and randomly were replaced into two equal groups. The experimental group received 8 sessions of 90 minutes the acceptance and commitment therapy based on the protocol of Vowles et al (2007) and the control group remained on the waiting list for training. The research tools were included Cohen et al.'s perceived stress questionnaire (1983), Melzak's pain questionnaire (1975), and Toobert and Glasgow's diabetes self-care activities questionnaire (1994). Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance test in SPSS version 25 software.

The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of all three variables of perceived stress, chronic pain and treatment adherence in diabetic elderly. In the other words, acceptance and commitment therapy reduced perceived stress and chronic pain and increased treatment adherence in diabetic elderly (P<0.001).

Based on the findings of this study, health professionals and therapists can use acceptance and commitment therapy along with other treatment methods to reduce perceived stress and chronic pain and increase treatment adherence in vulnerable groups including the diabetic elderly.

Coronary heart disease (CHD) is an important medical disorder and one of the most common heart diseases worldwide, which causes disability and economic burden. The medical and research community is increasingly interested in computer-aided coronary heart disease diagnosis through the use of machine learning methods. This study aimed to diagnose coronary heart disease using a discriminant analysis algorithm in active elderly men.

This analytical study was conducted on 351 patients of Ayatollah Kashani Hospital in Tehran. This work used discriminant analysis algorithm to diagnose coronary artery disease. Python software was used for data analysis.

The results showed that by using 14 characteristics as risk factors related to the subjects' laboratory, personal and lifestyle information. The discriminant analysis algorithm could distinguish healthy and sick people with 94.4% accuracy and 88.9% precision.

The results of the present study showed that this system can probably be used as an effective and intelligent method along with other diagnostic methods by cardiologists to predict coronary artery disease. Also, new data mining methods can be effective in reducing invasive risks.

Fear of aging is one of the important factors of aging experts in today's psychological world. Fear of aging always threatens the conscious person at any age. But the experience of this feeling in old age has a special depth and meaning. The main purpose of this research was the relationship between self-compassion and fear of old age: the mediating role of spiritual health in the older adults of Ilam city.

The current research is a cross-sectional study (descriptive correlation type), the statistical population of this research was the elderly with an age range of 65-80 years in the year 1400. The sampling method was purposeful and the samples of this research included 300 (men/ an elderly woman from the city of Ilam. Self-compassion questionnaires of NAF, Lasher's fear of aging questionnaire and Polotzin and Ellison's spiritual health questionnaire were used. Maximum Likelihood (ML) was used using SPSS version 26 software.

From the total (n=300) research sample, 140 (46.77%) were men and 160 (53.33%) were women. In the studied sample, in terms of age range, 157 people (52.33%) in the age group of 65 to 69 years, 85 people (28.33%) in the age group of 70 to 75 years, and 58 people (19.33%) in the age group they were 76 to 80 years old. The path coefficient values in the research model indicated that self-compassion directly explains 43% of the changes related to the fear of aging variable. On the other hand, the results showed that the self-compassion variable has an effect on the fear of aging indirectly through the mediator variable - spiritual health. (p<0.05).

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between self-pity and fear of aging in older adults. Also, the mediating role of spiritual health in relation to fear of aging was confirmed. It is concluded that the variables of self-compassion and spiritual health can be used in the educational interventions of the fear of aging in the elderly.

Background &

In the next 50 years, a large part of the world's population will be made up of the elderly over sixty years old. Demographers have estimated that by the year 2050, the population of people over sixty years old will reach 2 billion people in the world. This means that there is one elderly person for every 5 people. In this way, not only developed countries but also developing countries make up a large part of the population of people over 60 years old. This excessive increase in the elderly on the one hand and the industrialization of societies and forgetting on the other hand has caused the issue of the elderly and their problems to become an acute issue. After entering the aging stage, the human body suffers from many diseases, of which blood pressure in the elderly is one of the most important because high blood pressure carries the risk of heart attack. As high blood pressure is dangerous, low blood pressure is equally dangerous. Blood pressure in the elderly is a type of silent disease, and the patient almost does not notice that his blood pressure is high, and only realizes that the elderly person needs special care. Health promotion is the science and art of changing the lifestyle to achieve the desired perfection and it includes behaviors during which a person should eat properly, exercise regularly, avoid harmful behaviors and drugs, protect against accidents, and recognize the signs in time. Illness in the physical dimension, control of emotions, feelings, and thoughts and coping with stress and problems in the mental and psychological dimension, independence and adaptability, and correction of interpersonal relationships in the social dimension and the cause of many chronic diseases, lifestyle and human behaviors and performing health-enhancing behaviors is one of the most important ways that people can maintain their health. The six important components of a health-promoting lifestyle include health responsibility, physical activity, nutritional habits, stress management, spiritual growth, and interpersonal relationships. Neuroticism or neuroticism is one of the five big factors that make up the personality, it is usually considered as a tendency towards anxiety, depression, self-doubt, and other negative emotions. All personality traits, including neuroticism, lie on a spectrum only some people are much more neurotic than others. In the Big Five personality theory, neuroticism is sometimes described as low emotional stability or negative emotions. Many researchers have considered neuroticism as one of the important factors in predicting many important social factors such as marriage, strength of relationships, and physical characteristics and diseases. In a study that examined the models related to health promotion in middle-aged women, it was found that health promotion models that emphasize the role of culture in mental health are more effective in eastern cultures and could be more powerful in Promoting the health of middle-aged women should be effective. In this study, the factors affecting the improvement of mental health (reduction of depression, anxiety, stress, impulsivity and vulnerability to stress), improvement of health behaviors (exercise, hygiene, taking medicines on time, etc.) and the ability of a person to make decisions In the daily affairs of life, the most important predictors of health promotion were introduced. The purpose of psychological flexibility is that it gives a person the opportunity to face his current situation and evaluate it, and through such activities, a person makes sure that he can effectively deal with that situation. The position works. In general, resilience is a process of the ability or outcome to successfully adapt to threatening situations, thus meaning exposure to risk and better than expected outcomes, maintaining positive adaptation despite stressful experiences, and recovering well after It is damage. Therefore, it seems that psychological flexibility acts as a moderator in performing health behaviors among its predictors. But so far, researches have not directly investigated this role and determined its limits. In previous studies, the relationship between psychological flexibility and personality traits has been discussed and a significant relationship between them has been reported. In various researches, the relationship between neuroticism and health-promoting behaviors has been examined and it has been determined that anxiety is a negative predictor of health-promoting behaviors. The present research aims to predict health-promoting behaviors based on neuroticism in Elderly people with high blood pressure with regard to the moderating role of psychological flexibility.

The present research is a descriptive-correlation design. The statistical population of the research was all the elderly who referred to the clinics of Urmia city in 1401. For this purpose, 200 participants were selected on a quota basis. The average age of the participants was 65.7 (standard deviation = 5.92 years) and 55.33% were male. The participants completed the questionnaire of demographic characteristics, short form of big five factors of personality (NEO-FFI), health promoting behaviors (HPLP-2) and psychological flexibility (CFI-20).

The results showed that there is a significant inverse relationship between the subscales of health-promoting behaviors and neuroticism in the range (-0.73 to -0.9). Also, path analysis showed that neuroticism predicts health-enhancing behaviors through the mediation of psychological flexibility (NFI and CFI = 0.97) and (Chi-square = 56.3).

In explaining this finding, it can be said that personality factors, as the most influential dimensions and psychological traits, play an important role in determining the general and stable behaviors of humans, therefore, health-related behaviors and psychological health are influenced by important personality factors and personality traits. Since personality and personality factors are formed in early life and during development in humans, they play an important role in predicting behaviors related to human health, this effect is to the extent that when a person has high psychological flexibility However, neuroticism significantly causes health-damaging behaviors. Depression, anxiety, and stress in the elderly are a very important issue and to control their direct and indirect destructive effects, they should be directly prevented and treated. In this research, only elderly people with high blood pressure in Urmia City participated and also a questionnaire was used to participate in the research, it will be beneficial to conduct research with a wider community and use clinical interviews in future research. Mental health in the elderly with high blood pressure plays an important role in their health promotion behaviors.

With aging, muscle strength decreases, and older people try to stay healthy as much as possible while maintaining their independence. Regular exercise is needed to control and delay the negative effects of aging. This study aims to investigate the effect of a combined exercise program on balance and respiratory fitness of active older men.

In this quasi-experimental study, 40 active older men (Mean age= 62±12.74 years) participated who were selected by a convenience sampling method and randomly assigned into control and exercise groups. Their balance and respiratory readiness were measured using a static balance gauge and spirometry test, respectively before and after the intervention. The exercise group participated in combined exercise program (aerobic, resistance, and balance exercises) for eight weeks, three sessions per week, each for 60 minutes. The control group continued to perform their daily activities during this period. Data analysis was performed in SPSS software version 22 using paired t-test and independent t-test. The significance level was set at 0.05.

The combined exercise program had a significant effect on improving static balance in both groups (P=0.002), but not on forced vital capacity (P>0.05). Regarding the forced expiratory volume over 1 second, its effect was significant only in the exercise group (P<0.05).

It seems that the combined exercise program can improve static balance and respiratory fitness of older men. It is suggested that the older men use this combined exercise program to increase their balance and respiratory fitness.

Death anxiety is one of the most common problems in old age that is affected by several factors. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the spiritual factors affecting the death anxiety of the elderly in the Iranian society.

In this meta-analytical study, using internal databases, 22 studies about death anxiety in the elderly published between 2010 and 1400, which met the criteria for inclusion in the study, were collected and analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using comprehensive meta-analysis software. The authors of the article did not report any conflict of interests.

The combined effect size index of the studies was 0.382 under the fixed model and 0.465 under the random model. In a separate study of the effect size of the variables, the variables of spiritual confrontation therapy, spiritual therapy, semantics, relationship with God and Islamic spiritual therapy had the greatest effect on death anxiety, respectively. The results of publication bias methods indicated publication bias in the combined studies in the present meta-analysis. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies, a moderating analysis was performed for the variables of gender and research method, which indicated the moderating effect of the research method variable on the results of the studies.

It seems necessary to pay attention to the spiritual factors affecting death anxiety as important and important factors that improve death anxiety.

The aging process can be known as a set of structural and functional adverse changes that accumulate increasingly with the increase of age, and results in the decrease of components like life expectancy and psychological well-being of the elderly. However, the mentioned components can be improved. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of reality therapy on the life expectancy and psychological well-being of the elderly living in nursing homes. It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included of all the elderly living in nursing homes of Hamedan, Iran in the second six months of 2022. The sample included of 30 people selected using purposeful sampling method and according to the inclusion criteria of the stdy. Participants were randomly assigned into two 15-member groups of experimental and control. The experimental group received 10 sessions of reality therapy intervention and the control group did not receive any intervention in the same time. The measures conducted of Schneider's life expectancy and Ryff’s psychological well-being questionnaires. Finally, the collected data were analyzed at two levels of descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (univariate covariance analysis) by SPSS version 24 software. The results illustrated that reality therapy intervention is significantly effective in increasing the life expectancy of the elderly and in increasing their psychological well-being (P<0.05). 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The growing trend of aging population and the importance of psychological cohesion of the elderly has made it more important to study the factors associated with it. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the relationship with psychological cohesion through the mediating role of psychological hardiness. The research method was descriptive, of  structural equations modeling type. The statistical population included all the elderly under the care of welfare nursing homes in Mashhad in the first three months of 2022, of whom 100 eligible individuals were selected using convenience sampling method. The measures included Paloutzian and Ellison’s spiritual health, Kiamrei et al.’s psychological hardiness and Antonovsky’s sense of coherence questionnaires. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and structural equations modeling were used to analyze the data in SPSS-22 and Smart PLS software. The results revealed that the path coefficient between spiritual health and psychological cohesion was positive and significant (P<0.01), the path coefficient between spiritual health and psychological hardiness was positive and significant (P<0.01), and the path coefficient between psychological hardiness and psychological cohesion was positive and significant (P<0.05). Besides, the path coefficient of the mediating role of psychological hardiness was positive and significant (P<0.05). In general, the research model had sufficient fit. Therefore, the results of the study convey the importance of spiritual health and psychological hardiness in the psychological cohesion of the elderly.  ReferencesAbbasi, F., Azizi, E., Shamsi Gooshki, M., Naseri Rad, M., Akbari Lakeh, M. (2013). Conceptual definition and operationalization of spiritual health: a methodological study. 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Self-esteem is one of the important dimensions of mental health in the elderly. It may be affected by increasing age, reducing ability and decreasing independence of the elderly. Peer group training as a non-pharmacological treatment method based on sharing interpersonal experiences has an important role in increasing attitude and knowledge. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of peer education on the self-esteem of the elderly.

This quasi-experimental study was performed on 50 elderly people referred to Aliabad Katoul boarding center with a non-random sampling method in two test and comparison groups in 2018. The data collection tool was the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire. In the experimental group, training was conducted in 5 groups of 5 people by 5 peer trainers in 5 sessions (30-45 minutes). Data were collected before and after the intervention by self-report method. Data analysis was performed by spss21 statistical software. Statistical tests in this study were performed with the help of descriptive statistics (table, mean, standard deviation) and inferential statistics (paired t-test, independent t-test, chi-square and analysis of covariance) at a significant level of 0.05

Covariance test by eliminating the effect of pre-test showed that peer group training increases self-esteem of the elderly (Eta = 0.51, P = 0.01). So that 51% of post-test changes can be related to the effect of peer training.

The use of peer-to-peer self-care training groups increases the self-esteem of the elderly. Therefore, using the experiences of peer groups as a simple, low-cost but effective educational method has an important role in improving the mental health of the elderly.

Nowadays, due to the increasing rate of elderly populaion in Iran, it seems necessary to maintain and improve the health and the quality of life (QOL) of them as a vulnerable demographic group. Recent studies have revealed that spiritual health, social support, resilience, and hope may improve QOL in the elderly. Therefore, this study aims to determine the model of QOL based on spiritual health and social support through the mediating role of resilience and hope in the elderly. The study population included all the elderly living in villages of qazvin province, Iran, among whom 300 were selected using convenience sampling method. The measures applied in the current study consisted of Paloutzian and Ellison’s spiritual health, Vaux’s social support, Connor & Davidson’s resilience, Snyder’s hope and the World Health Organization QOL questionnaires. Path analysis was used to analyze the causal model. The results indicated the fit of the model with the data. The results also demonstrated a direct and significant effect between spiritual health (β=0.15, P<0.05), social support (β=0.21, P<0.05), hope (β=0.35, P<0.05) and resilience (β=0.25, P<0.05) with QOL. Moreover, the analysis of the role of multiple mediators using Preacher and Hayes’s approach confirmed the mediating role of resilience and hope in the relationship between spiritual health and social support with QOL. The results contribute to the theoretical knowledge regarding how social support and spiritual health affect QOL in the elderly. The findings showed that social support and spiritual health have the power to predict the QOL through hope and resilience among the elderly. All the four predictive variables can be improved and can be used in QOL-related interventions in the rural elderly.

The elderly are valuable sources of experience and knowledge whose quality of life need to be improved. through scientific manners. Therefore, this study aims to compare the effectiveness of healthy elderly training model and spirituality-based existential therapy on affective capital components of the elderly. It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all the elderly living in elderly care centers in Isfahan, Iran in the spring of 2022. The sample was made up of 58 elderly selected based on inclusion criteria by purposeful sampling method, and randomly assigned into two experimental groups of spirituality-based existential therapy (n=20) and healthy aging training (n=18), and one control group (n=20). Golparvar’s affective capital questionnaire (GACQ) was applied to collect data. Each of the healthy elderly training model and spirituality-based existential therapy underwent twelve 90-minute sessions of intervention. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) in SPSS-26 software. The results revealed that after control of pretest, there was a significant difference between the groups in terms of positive affect (F=5.85; P=0.005), feeling of energy (F=4.30; P=0.02) and happiness (F=8.91; P=0.001). The comparison of the groups revealed that only healthy elderly training model was effective in increasing the components of affective capital. The effectiveness of healthy elderly training model on increasing affective capital components was confirmed in the present study. Therefore, this geriatric training can be used to help the elderly in elderly care centers.

Hypertension increases with age. Low levels of health literacy are more common in older people with chronic diseases and hypertension, and these people are probably more affected by the unpleasant effects of low health literacy than other people in society. The aim of this study was to investigate the health literacy of the elderly with hypertension and related factors.

This descriptive-analytical correlational study was conducted in 2019. The study sample was 210 elderly people with hypertension selected among patients referred to specialized clinics using the convenience sampling method. Data were collected using demographic medical information, Abbreviated Mental Test (AMT) and Health Literacy for Iranian Adults (HELIA) questionnaire. Data were analyzed via descriptive (frequency distribution tables, mean and standard deviation) and analytical (t-test, ANOVA and Pearson) statistics using SPSS 23 and a significance level of 0.05.

According to the results, most of the elderly (58.1%) had adequate health literacy. Moreover, there was a significant inverse relationship between health literacy and age in the elderly with hypertension (p<0.05). Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between health literacy and the variables of employment status, education level, place of residence and, number of medications consumed (p<0.05).

In this study, the health literacy of the elderly with hypertension was adequate and it was found that the health literacy decreased as the elderly aged.

Self-medication is one of the serious health problems in different communities and its risk is much higher in the elderly. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of self-medication in the elderly and its related factors in Quchan city, 2019.

The current research is a cross-sectional descriptive study, the samples of which were 570 elderly people of Qochan city. The participants of the study were selected using random cluster sampling. Research data were collected by a researcher-made questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS version 19 by independent t-test and ANOVA.

The mean age of the elderly was 69.1± 8.1 years. The prevalence of self-medication among the elderly was 94.4%. There was a significant association between the variables of gender, level of education and occupation and self-medication (P <0.001). Factors such as the high cost of doctor visits and medications, the belief that disease is not important, the satisfaction of previous self-medication, the belief that herbal medicines and traditional treatments are safe, were the main factors of self-medication.

The findings of this study showed that self-medication is highly prevalent among Iranian elderly, and providing awareness about the dangers of self-medication seems essential.