جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « animals » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) have the ability to self-renew and proliferate which gives them healing properties in various tissues. Aluminium chloride (AlCl3) is a chemical compound with harmful effects on health; oxidative stress caused by Aluminium has been reported previously. Crocin, a major component of Crocus sativus (saffron), has antioxidant properties and has shown therapeutic potential. Researchers have been looking for ways to reduce the harmful effects of AlCl3.

To investigate whether crocin can reduce AlCl3 cytotoxicity, rat Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells (BM-MSCs) were isolated, cultured and divided into four experimental groups. The first group was the control, which was untreated cells. The second and third groups were treated with crocin (50, 100, 250, 500 μM) and AlCl3 (20, 25, 30 mM) for 24 hr. The fourth group was pre-treated with crocin (250, 500 μM) for 24 hr and then treated with AlCl3 (20 mM) overnight. Cytotoxicity was assessed using the MTT assay. Mineralization was evaluated by alizarin red staining. Sox-2 and Ecadherin expression were measured using real-time PCR.

The results showed that AlCl3 caused cytotoxicity on BM-MSCs and decreased the mRNA expression of Sox-2 and E-cadherin, which are important for the maintenance of self-renewal and proliferation of BM-MSCs. In contrast, crocin protected the self-renewal characteristic of BM-MSCs by increasing Sox-2 expression and also preserved the proliferative effects on BM-MSCs by upregulating E-cadherin expression (***p≤0.001).

Overall, the study suggests that crocin can protect BM-MSCs from AlCl3- induced cytotoxicity by upregulate Sox-2 expression and E-cadherin expression. This suggests that crocin may be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of AlCl3- induced toxicity.

Veterinary toxicology is one of the subspecialties of veterinary medicine. On the other hand, traditional medical sources also contain veterinary knowledge, entailing human medical information. In this study, we aimed to extract and present relevant information on the part of the history of veterinary medicine, especially veterinary toxicology, through research on Al-Razi’s book Al-Hawi fi Al-Tib. We queried keywords of poison, poisoning, animal, and related terms in Al-Hawi fi Al-Tib. Also, we searched international and domestic databases, including Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, SID, and IranDoc, to obtain relevant data. Our results showed that Al-Razi directly mentioned the toxicity of ten toxic plants in the animals. It is suggested that Al-Razi has contributed to the knowledge of veterinary medicine and the subspecialty of veterinary toxicology in particular. Future studies recommended to vet other historical medical sources, including traditional medicine textbooks, to find relevant information about veterinary medicine and veterinary toxicology.

Repeated Ovum Pick Up (OPU) could have a detrimental effect on ovarian function, reducing In Vitro Embryo Production (IVEP). The present study examined the therapeutic effect of adipose–derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) or its Conditioned Medium (ConM) on ovarian trauma following repeated OPU. Resolvin E1 (RvE1) and Interleukin-12 (IL-12) were investigated as biomarkers.

Jersey heifers (n=8) experienced 11 OPU sessions including 5 pre-treatment and 6 treatment sessions. Heifers received intra-ovarian administration of MSCs or ConM (right ovary) and Dulbecco’s Modified Phosphate Buffer Saline (DMPBS; left ovary) after OPU in sessions 5 and 8 and 2 weeks after session 11. The concentrations of RvE1 and IL-12 in follicular fluid was evaluated on sessions 1, 5, 6, 9, and 4 weeks after session 11. Following each OPU session, the IVEP parameters were recorded.

Intra-ovarian administration of MSCs, ConM, and DMPBS did not affect IVEP parameters (p>0.05). The concentration of IL-12 in follicular fluid increased at the last session of pre-treatment (Session 5; p<0.05) and remained elevated throughout the treatment period. There was no correlation between IL-12 and IVEP parameters (p>0.05). However, RvE1 remained relatively high during the pre-treatment and decreased toward the end of treatment period (p<0.05). This in turn was associated with decline in some IVEP parameters (p<0.05).

Intra-ovarian administration of MSCs or ConM during repeated OPU did not enhance IVEP outcomes in Bos taurus heifers. The positive association between RvE1 and some of IVEP parameters could nominate RvE1 as a promising biomarker to predict IVEP parameters following repeated OPU.

There are some debates about the possible unintended effects of genetically modified (GM) crops on consumer health. The gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining the health of the host, especially in gastrointestinal diseases. The current review focuses on the studies with the aim of evaluating whether their outcomes indicate any adverse effects of feeding genetically modified (GM) crops on alteration and the count of gut microbiota.

A structured literature search was performed independently by three authors on Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and Embase on the 1st of July 2019. In total, 333 publications were obtained by the search strategy, which decreased to 306 after excluding the duplicates. Furthermore, experimental studies that have designed a control group and were written in English were included in the review. After reviewing the full texts, 16 studies were included. To access the quality of articles, we used the Cochrane checklist.

Ten publications (62.5%) used 50% or more genetically modified (GM) diet in the treatment group. In 11 studies (68.7%), the duration of animal feeding was 90 days or more. There were no significant differences in the experimental and control groups of both male and female rats on the 90th day; it can be concluded that non-genetically modified (GM) and genetically modified (GM) rice diets did not cause any changes in the gut bacteria. Data analysis of different animal models showed that the most changes in the microbial flora were observed in the chicken and the least in the rat. In the studies in this review, all microbial isolates were anaerobic, and the Lactobacillus and Enterococcus families were common organisms.

Based on our literature review, we claim that there is not any significant difference in gut microbiota between the control group and the group with a transgenic diet. The mechanisms of the effects of genetically modified (GM) foods on the gut microbiota in animals should be explicated in future studies. Nevertheless, this study provides valuable information for research on genetically modified (GM) foods and whether they are useful or detrimental to human health.

Early diagnosis and interceptive treatment of the maxillary canine impaction is crucial as it reduces treatment complexity and decreases complications and adverse outcomes. The aim of the study was to the prediction of impacted maxillary canines, and early diagnosis by using panoramic.

This investigation was a cross-sectional study performed on 385 panoramic radiographs, which were evaluated to assess the position of canines. Two methods Ericson and Kurol (EK/L) and the Power and Short (PS) geometric measurement analyses used in each radiograph. Thus, the prevalence was calculated from each method. The normality of the data was subsequently analyzed by application of a one-sample non-parametric Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Thereafter, Fisher’s exact and Mann-Whitney U tests were conducted to determine differences in the permanent tooth impaction of the subjects.

Five permanent canines were classified as high risk through the EK/L method. While the PS method was used, 20 high risks of impaction were found. The statistical difference is detected between the right and left sides. It was found statistical difference detected between EK/L and Ps methods (p = 0.004). 

The EK/L method determined a canine impaction prevalence on pa noramic radiographs of 1.3%, while in the PS Method, the prevalence was 5. 2%. In addition, a significant predilection of canine impaction to the gender was not found.

The global outbreak of COVID-19 as a pandemic posed one of the most critical conditions for the healthcare system. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive potential transfection of COVID-19 disease to humans from pets. This study is a systematic review of the latest data on COVID-19 in the animal community (wildlife, pets, and farm) from June 2017 to May 2022. Published studies were searched in various databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge, and Embase. Searching, data gathering, and analysis were accomplished by two reviewers separately, and conflicts between them were resolved by a third expert reviewer. In the initial research, 83 articles were found for full-text evaluation. After the reviewers’ assessment, 32 articles were included. Finally, the organisms studied in the mentioned research were classified into laboratory and non-laboratory research. The first group of laboratory animals includes rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, rhesus monkeys, macaques, and pigs. In the second group, non-laboratory patients, less than 100 dogs and cats, 6 cases of large cats, 2 cases of snakes (reptiles), and 12 cases of mink and bats were included. In dogs and cats, the symptoms are more in upper respiratory tract infections, while in herbivores, these symptoms are more in the form of enteritis and diarrhea, and gastrointestinal symptoms. Infection of dogs and cats is mainly accompanied by coughing and sneezing, while there are no reports of herbivores. Animal studies suggested that other animals can be hosted with COVID-19.

Instead of antibiotics, propolis is a promising alternative for treating bacterial diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of propolis ethanol extract (PEE) on Yersinia ruckeri (Y. ruckeri), a fish pathogen, by examining its impact on the cell wall, cytoplasmic membrane, and gene expression.

The effect of propolis on the bacterial cell wall, membrane, and DNA using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was investigated. Its effect on the NAD+/NADH ratio, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as the expression of a virulence factor (yrp1) was also determined.

It was demonstrated that PEE has multiple antibacterial mechanisms against Y. ruckeri involving cell wall damage, membrane lysis, and a decrease in gene expression.

The obtained results indicated that the mode of propolis action against Y. ruckeri is both structural and functional, while others showed propolis only could inactivate bacteria in a structural way.

Injury from animal attacks is an important public health problem with high morbidity and mortality. As we cannot neglect or underestimate these hazardous conditions, we aimed to assess animal-related injuries in Iranian patients and compare the results.  In this cross-sectional study conducted on data from the National Trauma Registry of Iran, trauma patients admitted to the hospital due to animal attacks from January 15, 2018, to November 1, 2021, were assessed. A checklist gathered data consisting of baseline characteristics such as sex, age, activity, place at the time of the attack, and injury site. In addition, we extracted the clinical features of these patients, including injury severity score, Glasgow coma scale, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, hospital length of stay, surgery, and discharge status. One hundred thirty-one patients were registered in the study. Most of the patients were male (80.9%), aged 16 to 44 years (59.5%), and encountered animal attacks when they were in agricultural areas (45%). Ninety-six patients (73.3%) underwent surgery, and three were hospitalized in ICUs. We recorded 172 injuries, consisting of 92 (53.5%) injuries in the upper extremities as the most common region of the body. The males were aged 16-44 years (66%), and the females were aged 45-65 (52%) (P=0.005). Fifty percent of males and 24% of females were injured in the agricultural areas. Moreover, 24% of females and 6.6% of males were injured at home. This study showed a high incidence animal attacks in Iran. Most injuries were in middle aged males and in the agricultural area.

 Candida albicans has been shown as the most common species of Candida collected from different animals.

 This study aimed to evaluate the genetic diversity and genetic relationships among C. albicans isolates collected from clinical specimens of animals suffering from candidiasis using microsatellite length polymorphism (MLP).

 We used MLP for a group of 60 C. albicans strains isolated from various animal species (dog: 16, cat: 10, horse: 10, cow: 14, chicken: 10), previously defined as animal clinical isolates. Three loci, including EF3, CDC3, and HIS3, were amplified, and the products ran onto an ABI XL 370 genetic analyzer, and fragment sizes were determined.

 Of the 60 clinical strains illustrated, 49 different genotypes were identified with a discriminatory power index of 0.991. A total of 17 alleles and 26 different combinations were identified for EF3 locus, six alleles and 13 combinations for CDC3 locus, and 17 alleles and 27 combinations for HIS3 locus. The most common genotypes were GP9 (four strains) and GP1 and GP33 (three strains). Wright’s fixation index (FST) values were calculated to assess inter-group genetic diversity for all pairwise combinations of the five sub-populations of C. albicans isolated from the different animal hosts. The highest FST values related to C. albicans isolated from chicken to three sub-populations of cats (FST: 0.1397), cows (FST: 0.0639), and horses (FST: 0.0585).

 The results indicated a moderate genetic differentiation (0.05 < FST < 0.15) between C. albicans strains isolated from cats, cows, and horses as a mammal vs. chickens.

Studying the prevalence of infertility as a common disease and its treatment have recently become an important issue. These treatments include drugs and surgery; and lasers have also been used complementarily. However, they affect the ovarian blood vessels number. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to investigate the photo-bio stimulation effect on near-infrared and red laser as of low-level lasers on the blood vessels in ovarian tissue, compared with the clomiphene’s effect. Twenty-eight female rats were randomly divided into four groups: Control (CT), Clomiphene Drug (D), Red Laser (RL) and Near-Infrared Laser (NIRL). Afterwards, the laser groups received irradiation (5 J/cm2 dose) and the rats in group D received clomiphene (1µg/kg). After the experiment, the animals were anesthetized and their ovaries were removed. Henceforth, the laser’s effect was investigated and compared with that of clomiphene.  The number of the blood vessels increased in NIRL (71.96%) and RL (67.070%) groups, compared with CT. It was also increased in NIRL (59.81%) and RL (14%) compared to D group. In addition, it increased in NIRL (53.27%) compared with RL. This increase was significant in the NIRL group indicating that NIRL increases ovarian activity to produce blood vessels that can be certainly used in future studies for finding a cure for ovarian negligence to produce more blood vessels and treat diseases caused by it. The results convinced us to introduce laser as a new method to increase the ovarian activation by increasing the blood vessels in a future study. Although the mechanism of low-level lasers action is not well known, it has been proved to be more effective than clomiphene.

Oxidative stress has a significant role in the commencement and development of hyperglycemia. Vanadium, as a transitional metal with redox properties, enters the redox process, produces free radicals, and distracts the pro-antioxidant balance. The present animal systematic review aimed to assess the effect of vanadium supplementation on inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers in diabetes-induced animals.

A systematic search was conducted using the PubMed, Scopus, and web of science databases from 1990 to 2021, according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The search strategy was based on the guidelines for systematic review of animal experiments and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews (PRISMA). Criteria for eligibility were animal-based studies, evaluating the therapeutic effects of vanadium on inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in diabetes. The Systematic Review Centre for Laboratory Animal Experimentation (SYRCLE) tool was used for assessing the methodological quality of included studies.

In the present study, 341 articles were evaluated out of which 42 studies were eligible for inclusion. The majority of the studies confirmed the advantageous properties of vanadium on inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers. A minor risk of bias was reported, based on the SYRCLE’s tool.

According to the findings, well-designed clinical trials are warranted to assess the long-lasting effects of various vanadium compounds on inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers.

Kidney stones are one of several serious health problems in childhood that cause nutritional and growth disorders, and may finally lead to chronic kidney failure in this group.

In this analytical study conducted through a case-control design, 30 children under the age of two with kidney stones, and 125 children of the same age and sex without stones were studied. Patient information including personal profile and the results of some necessary tests were extracted from patient records and listed in a checklist. The data was analyzed using SPSS (Version 17.0). Statistical significance was considered when p-value was <0.05.

In terms of duration of breastfeeding, a significant difference was observed between the patients with stones and patients without stones; the duration of breastfeeding was longer in the control group (p=0.003). In addition, the duration of feeding with formula milk and cow milk was longer in the case group (p=0.038 and p=0.012, respectively).

Breastfeeding can serve as a nutritional factor that plays a preventive and protective role against the formation of kidney stones in infants.

The pervasiveness of antibiotic residues in animal foods undermines the safety and security of consumers. The consequences on human health through the development of antibiotic resistance is a growing disquiet to veterinary, health practitioners and stallholders. This study evaluates the knowledge of farmers in antibiotic usage and the presence of antibiotic residues in chevon (lamb meat) and beef in Sunyani, Ghana. A total of 150 farmers were randomly selected and interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. In addition, 36 samples comprising 18 beef and 18 chevon samples were analyzed for antibiotic residues using a Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The majority of the farmers kept only goats (30%), practiced the semi-intensive system (96%), had ever experienced infections on their farm (99.3%) and had ever used antibiotics (100%). The farmers used antibiotics mainly for therapeutic purposes (68%), encountered more diarrhea cases (65.3%), and used mostly tetracycline (56.7%) to treat their animals because of its effectiveness (84%). Most of the farmers confirmed they do not have in-depth knowledge of antibiotics (56%), received information about antibiotics mainly from veterinary officers (56%) and bought their antibiotics from veterinary shops/clinics (62.7%). The majority do not observe withdrawal periods (53.3%), were unaware misuse of antibiotics can promote pathogen resistance (76.5%), but knew consumption of antibiotic residues in meat will be harmful to humans (60%). The examination of the beef and chevon samples revealed the presence of amoxicillin, chlortetracycline, ciprofloxacin, danofloxacin, doxycycline, norfloxacin, oxytetracycline, sulfadiazine and tylosine at varying concentrations. Chloramphenicol and metronidazole were not detected in the meat samples. This study revealed that the farmers had limited knowledge in antibiotic usage and some antibiotic residues were present in chevon and beef sold in Sunyani, Ghana.

Some animal infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, hydatidosis, and fascioliasis cause public health concerns and also significant economic losses. The goal of this study was to assess the rate of fascioliasis, hydatidosis, and tuberculosis in domestic animals during post-mortem inspection at Jijel slaughterhouse, North-Eastern Algeria.

The present study was carried out from March 2017 to February 2018, on 6 520 animals slaughtered at Jijel slaughterhouse. It was based on post-mortem inspection of livers and lungs by visual inspection, palpation, and incision. The statistical analysis was performed using open source software R 2017 and Microsoft Office Excel software.

The prevalence rate of fascioliasis (6.9%) was significantly (p<0.001) higher than that of hydatidosis (4.8%) and tuberculosis (1.0%). Regarding all three studied diseases in the slathered animal, the prevalence rate of the diseases in cattle was significantly higher than one in sheep and goats. Three peaks in the rate of studied diseases were recorded during March to May 2017, which corresponds to spring.

Considerable prevalence rate of fascioliasis, tuberculosis, and hydatidosis in domestic animals slaughtered at the Jijel slaughterhouse seems to be an important indicator of lack of inspection, preventive, and curative treatments of animals in this region.

This epidemiological study aimed to investigate the prevalence of parasitic infections in BuMusa Island, Iran, in one year from 2015 to 2016.

The current cross-sectional study was conducted in coordination with the health authorities of BuMusa on 732 intestinal samples and 1207 blood samples randomly collected from the island residents. Cutaneous lesions of 1207 people were clinically examined and those suspected of parasitic infections were enrolled. Also, 165 intestinal samples from domestic animals, 35 samples from water tanks, and 330 soil samples were taken to the laboratory to be investigated in terms of parasitic infections.

The obtained results showed 26.4% and 45.5% intestinal parasitic infections in humans and animals, respectively. The most prevalent infections in humans were Blastocystis hominis (8.6%), followed by Giardia lamblia (8.2%), and Entamoeba coli (6.8%); and the least prevalent infection was Enterobius vermicularis (<0.2%). Malaria agents and Leishmania were not observed in blood samples. Investigation of animal feces showed that the highest parasitic infection was Eimeria arloingi (16.4%), while the lowest prevalence belonged to Monizia expansa (0.6%). Hymenolepis nana eggs and Cyclops were detected in one sub-source of water tanks. Rhabditis larva, a free-living nematode, was observed in a soil sample.

The prevalence of parasitic infections in BuMusa Island was relatively low probably due to its hot and dry climate.

Bull injuries are common in India. An injury by a bull is more common in rural and agriculture dependent regions of the country. The incident causing injury by a bull can be sports related or work related. Work related injuries are almost mostly seen in farmers.

We would like to present six cases of bull injury over a period of three years who reported to our EM. All six patients were admitted. Five out of six patients survived the hospital stay.

Trauma sustained due to being hit by a large animal should be treated akin to a high velocity trauma and such a patient definitely warrants a period of observation even if the injuries are not life threatening. A high index of suspicion is needed for suspecting occult injuries. Fluid resuscitation and age of the patient are important considerations.

There is controversy regarding the value of serum or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of S100 calcium-binding protein B (S-100B) in spinal cord injury (SCI). For reaching a general conclusion, the present meta-analysis was designed aiming to evaluate the value of serum and CSF levels of S-100B protein in detecting the presence of SCI in animal studies. An extensive search was performed in Medline, Embase, Scopus and Web of science databases. Screening articles, summarizing them and entering data to checklist and quality assessment of the mentioned articles were done by 2 independent reviewers. Data were analyzed and a pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were presented. Finally, the data of 7 articles were included in the meta-analysis. Serum level of S-100B had increased as a result of SCI. During the first 6 hours after injury, the level of this protein was very high (SMD=3.8; 95% CI: 2.6 to 5.1; p<0.0001), but as time passed the serum level of the protein had decreased (SMD=0.4; 95% CI: -1.2 to 2.0; p=0.65). In addition, CSF level of the mentioned protein was very high during the initial 6 hours after injury (SMD: 5.8; 95% CI: 3.6 to 8.0), and this elevated level was still observed until 12 hours after injury (SMD: 6.5; 95% CI: 3.7 to 9.3; p<0.0001). The results of the present systematic review and meta-analysis show that measuring the level of S-100Β protein in serum and CSF has a potential value in diagnosis of SCI in animal models. This biomarker increases during the initial 6 hours following injury and remains high until 24 hours after that. However, more than 24 hours after the injury, serum level of this protein returns to the level of animals without SCI.

Sneezing transiently elevates cerebral blood flow. We speculated that induced sneezing, following embolism would restore arterial flow, thereby diminishing infarct volume and improving neurological deficits.

Male rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) using prepared clots (embolization) and randomized into four equal groups as follows: (1) pre‑MCAO‑induced sneezing (PRMIS), (2) post‑MCAO‑induced sneezing (POMIS), and (3) pre‑ and POMIS (PRPOMIS) and the control group (eight rats per group). In the treatment groups, rats’ sneezing episodes were induced before MCAO in PRMIS group or before regaining consciousness from surgical anesthesia in other treatment groups by cutting their whiskers during their anesthesia and subsequently inserted them into the rats’ nostrils. Infarct volume was evaluated by 2, 3, 5‑triphenyl tetrazolium chloride staining, and neurological deficits and brain edema were assessed by Bederson scale deficit scores 24‑h post‑MCAO.

The infarct volume and brain edema reduced and neurological deficits improved in the induced sneezing groups as compared with the MCAO control group. Compared to the control group, the highest improvements in the infarct volume and neurological deficits were seen in the PRPOMIS group, and POMIS group showed the most significant differences concerning the results of both ischemic and nonischemic brain edema. The highest protective effect was observed in the central region of the MCA territory.

The reduction in ischemia‑induced brain injury, brain edema, and neurological deficits by sneezing suggest that brief episodes of acute hypertension after stroke can increase blood flow to the ischemic area and improve recovery

The most commonly used insecticide by 99.8% farmers in West Sumatra, is chlorpyrifos which contains organophosphates. Chlorpyrifos is used to kill insects and other pests and works as the contact poison, gastric toxins, and inhalation. It is very useful for farmers in keeping the plants such as corn, citrus, peanuts, and so forth. Chlorpyrifos can enter the water body with direct application to control pests or indirectly through either spraying or washing during high rainfall in spray applications for plant leaves. Chlorpyrifos is also used in farming in the region of Twin Lakes (Diatas Lake and Dibawah Lake), West Sumatra, Indonesia. One of the most important fish that is cultivated in this region is Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The acute toxicity (LC50-96 h) of chlorpyrifos for Nile tilapia in studies was 0.076 mg/L. Sublethal concentrations used for the studies were one-seventh (0.011 mg/L) and one-fourteenth (0.005 mg/L) of the LC50-96 h. The test animal was exposed to the both sublethal concentrations for 1, 7 and 14 days. Behavioral responses were studied in the experimental periods. Tilapia that exposed chlorpyrifos exposure was exhibited irregular body movements, gills and fins motion, mucus secretion, breathing at the surface, and anal excretion. It was revealed that the longer the exposure time, the more visible behavioral changes in fish, as well as the concentration variations, it means that the higher the concentration, the more visible changes in physiological behavior of fish. Correlation values (R) were was 0.75–0.99. These behavioral responses can be used as a tool in biomonitoring program to monitor ecotoxicity risk of chlorpyrifos to the test species, especially in the region of Twin Lakes, West Sumatra, Indonesia.