جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "apo(a)" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a sight-threatening ocular complication of diabetes mellitus, is one of the main causes of blindness in the working-age population. Dyslipidemia is a potential risk factor for the development or worsening of DR, with conflicting evidence in epidemiological studies. Fenofibrate, an antihyperlipidemic agent, has lipid-modifying and pleiotropic (non-lipid) effects that may lessen the incidence of microvascular events.

Relevant studies were identified through a PubMed/MEDLINE search spanning the last 20 years, using the broad term “diabetic retinopathy” and specific terms “fenofibrate” and “dyslipidemia”. References cited in these studies were further examined to compile this mini-review. These pivotal investigations underwent meticulous scrutiny and synthesis, focusing on methodological approaches and clinical outcomes. Furthermore, we provided the main findings of the seminal studies in a table to enhance comprehension and comparison.

Growing evidence indicates that fenofibrate treatment slows DR advancement owing to its possible protective effects on the blood-retinal barrier. The protective attributes of fenofibrate against DR progression and development can be broadly classified into two categories: lipid-modifying effects and non-lipid-related (pleiotropic) effects. The lipid-modifying effect is mediated through peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha activation, while the pleiotropic effects involve the reduction in serum levels of C-reactive protein, fibrinogen, and pro-inflammatory markers, and improvement in flow-mediated dilatation. In patients with DR, the lipid-modifying effects of fenofibrate primarily involve a reduction in lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 levels and the upregulation of apolipoprotein A1 levels. These changes contribute to the anti-inflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects of fenofibrate. Fenofibrate elicits a diverse array of pleiotropic effects, including anti-apoptotic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic properties, along with the indirect consequences of these effects. Two randomized controlled trials—the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes and Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes studies—noted that fenofibrate treatment protected against DR progression, independent of serum lipid levels.

Fenofibrate, an oral antihyperlipidemic agent that is effective in decreasing DR progression, may reduce the number of patients who develop vision-threatening complications and require invasive treatment. Despite its proven protection against DR progression, fenofibrate treatment has not yet gained wide clinical acceptance in DR management. Ongoing and future clinical trials may clarify the role of fenofibrate treatment in DR management.

Heart disease manifestation due to plaque disruption in the coronary arteries is acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Apolipoprotein-E (Apo-E) is a multifunctional protein with central roles in lipid transportation and metabolism. We analyzed the correlation between the Apo-E blood concentration and recurrent ACS.
 
This cross-sectional study recruited 90 patients who visited the outpatient cardiology clinic at Airlangga University Hospital. The patients were divided into 3 groups: without ACS, single ACS, and recurrent ACS. The Apo-E blood concentration was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in the Tropical Disease Center of the Airlangga University Laboratory.
 
The median Apo-E concentration was 3.6 (1.32-14.9) µg/mL in the recurrent ACS group, 4.01 (2.61-18.54) µg/mL in the single ACS group, and 3.95 (1.19-43.51) µg/mL in the group without ACS. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed no differences in Apo-E between the groups. The χ2 test demonstrated no correlation concerning Apo-E between the single ACS and recurrent ACS groups. The Fisher exact analysis showed no correlation between the Apo-E concentration and dyslipidemia.
 
Our results showed no correlation between the Apo-E concentration and recurrent ACS. (Iranian Heart Journal 2023; 24(4): 63-69)

Accurate and timely diagnosis of mild cognitive disorders is essential to prevent their progression to dementia. This study aimed to determine the relationship among the serum levels of lipid markers of cognitive disorders in older adults in Birjand.

The community-based cohort study was performed on 1400 older adults population (60 years and older) living in urban and rural areas of Birjand, among whom 242 older adults were selected by multi-stage random sampling; the Mini-Mental State Examination Cognitive Disorders Questionnaire was completed, and five cc of blood samples were taken to assess Triglyceride, Cholesterol, Low density lipoprotein, High-density lipoprotein, lipoprotein a, Apo lipoprotein A, and Apo lipoprotein B.

The mean age of participants was 70.6± 6.96 years. 55.4% were women. The level of MMSE was significantly different based on the demographic information. Mean serum levels of Lipid profile, Apo B/ Apo A Ratio, and LP a, were not significantly different from MMSE.

The study showed a significant relationship between demographic information and MMSE level, so it can be used to improve the cognitive level of older adults by changing their life situation, marital status, and education. However, the parameters of Lipid profile, Apo B/ Apo A Ratio, and LP a are not used to diagnose cognitive disorders in older adults.

Calorie restriction (CR) is known as a nutritional gold standard for life extension and different studies have shown that insulin‑like growth factor (IGF1) reduction through CR may be involved in CR’s anti‑aging effects. Besides, time‑restricted‑feeding (TRF) is also highlighted due to more feasibility and positive health effects. We designed this study to compare the effects of CR and TRF on IGF1 and other metabolic parameters.

Fifty‑two male Wistar rats (3 weeks old) were subjected to either a control (CON, n = 11) diet or high‑fat diet (HFD, n = 42) for 17 weeks. In the second phase of the study, the HFD group were divided into four groups ( n = 9) 1) 30% CR, 2) Night Intermittent Fasting (NIF, active phase), 3) day intermittent fasting (DIF, rest phase), and 4) Ad‑Libitum (AL) with a standard diet for 10 weeks. Blood samples were collected at the end of both phases.

HFD increased IGF1 and deteriorated lipid profiles, except for triglycerides (P: 0.018, 0.008.0.012, 0.032) but CR in these obese subjects could not lower the IGF1 level. HDL significantly decreased in DIF compared to CON and CR ( P; 0.001). Meanwhile, HOMA‑IR increased in DIF and was significant compared to CR ( P: 0.002). Serum glucose levels decreased in CR compared to all groups except for CON ( P: 0.001).

Data indicates the role of previous obesity on the effect of CR on the IGF1 level and highlights the effect of inappropriate time of food intake on HDL and APOA1.

Reports have shown that lipoprotein (Lp) (a) can serve as an indicator of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Several cardiovascular disease risk factors including age, ethnicity and type 2 diabetes mellitus have been linked to Lp(a) metabolism. Given the structural similarity between Lp (a) and plasminogen, there may be a relationship between Lp (a) level and thrombosis and atherogenesis. In this review, we summarize the latest data about Lp (a) and related conditions on the PubMed database using the following keywords: “Lp (a) and diseases” and “Lp (a) and racial groups”. All available information was extracted and categorized according to the purpose of this study. In conclusion, evidence suggest that increased level of Lp (a) results in coronary artery disease and increases the risk of ischemic stroke. Lack of Lp (a) has no adverse effect on human health. Moreover, Lp(a) can be effective in wound healing as it degrades apolipoprotein(a) products which might have anti-tumor and anti-angiogenetic effects.

Apolipoprotein M (Apo-M) is a human novel protein of apolipoprotein classes and highly expressed in liver and kidney tissues. ApoM is mainly associated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and act as a chaperone for sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), promotes mobilization of cellular cholesterol, formation of larger-size of pre β-HDL, and a new biomarker in sepsis. The level of apoM in plasma/serum is affected by several factors such as pregnancy, hyperglycemia, plasma leptin concentration, obesity, diabetes, insulin concentration and physical exercise. It has been shown that the level of plasma ApoM was significantly lower in strenuous exercise group when compared with the non-exercise group. In the present study a reduction was observed after the 4 weeks of circuit resistance training program. This reduction might be due to a decrease in ApoM expression in liver and kidney or an increase in ApoM clearance, degradation and excretion in urine.