arc

This research aimed to investigate the effect of 8 weeks of interval training and the use of cineole, linalool, and bourbonene on MAPK/Arc gene expression and learning in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) rats.

In this experimental study, 40 AD rats were randomized into eight groups, including (1) control, (2) AD, (3) AD+aerobic training (AT), (4) AD+linalool, cineole, and bourbonene (LCB), (5) AD+AT+LCB, (6) AT+AD, (7) LCB+AD, and (8) AT+LCB+AD. AD was induced by injecting amyloid-beta (Aβ1)-42 into the hippocampus of rats. The interval training protocol was performed five days per week for eight weeks before and after AD induction. Linalool at a concentration of 25 mg/kg, cineole at a concentration of 10 µM, and β-bourbonene at a concentration of 10 µg/mL were used for eight weeks. One-way analysis of variance was used for between-group comparisons, and Tukey’s test was used for pairwise comparisons at P≤0.05.

AD induction caused a significant decrease in MAPK/Arc gene expression in hippocampal tissue (P=0.001). Interval exercise and consumption of three herbal drugs significantly increased gene expression of Arc (P=0.001) and MAPK (P=0.001). AD induction decreased learning (P=0.001). Interval exercise and consumption of three herbal medicines caused a significant increase in learning (P=0.001).

Interval exercise and using three herbal medicines have more favorable effects on improving MAPK/Arc gene expression and learning in AD than each alone.

ARC and IGF-1 are important molecular markers for brain neurogenesis, which are significantly reduced in brain tissue in various conditions such as Alzheimer's. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of consuming combined supplement in conjunction with aerobic exercise on hippocampal ARC and IGF-1 gene expression and cognitive function in elderly rats with Alzheimer's disease.

In this experimental study, 25 male c57 mice with Alzheimer's (age: 14-16 weeks, weight: 30-35 grams), were randomly divided into healthy control groups, Alzheimer's, Alzheimer's + aerobic exercise, Alzheimer's + combined supplement, Alzheimer's + aerobic exercise + combined supplement. Alzheimer's induction was performed by injecting amyloid beta-42 (Aβ1) into the hippocampus. The aerobic exercise protocol was five days per week for eight weeks before and after Alzheimer's induction. Kibi's supplement of resveratrol with a concentration of 25 mg/kg and fisetin with a concentration of 20 mg/kg was used for eight weeks. To analyze the data, one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test were used at a significance level of 0.05.

Alzheimer's induction caused a significant decrease in the expression of ARC and IGF-1 gene (P = 0.001), a significant increase in the expression of the APP gene in the hippocampus (P = 0.001) and a significant decrease in the cognitive function of the hippocampus (P = 0.001). Aerobic exercise and combined supplement use separately and simultaneously caused significant improvement of all the above changes (P=0.001).

It seems that aerobic exercise and taking a combined supplement can probably help to increase brain neurogenesis and improve cognitive function in elderly people with Alzheimer's through increasing the expression of ARC and IGF-1 in the hippocampus.