جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « bio » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »
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Background And ObjectivesDue to the importance of finding new and more effective antifungal and antibacterial compounds against invasive vaginitis strains, this study was conducted for fast screening of plant samples.Materials And MethodsThirty Iranian plant samples were successively extracted by n hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol to obtain a total of 90 extracts. Each extract was prepared in six concentrations and evaluated for antifungal activity via a micro-broth dilution method. Further phytochemical study of the aerial parts of Plumbago europaea, as the most promising source of anti-Candida compounds (with minimum inhibitory concentration of about μg/ml), was carried out and antifungal activity in the ethyl acetate extract was tracked using a combination of HPLC time-based fractionation and Thin Layer Chromatography-Bioautography via a bioassay-guided fractionation procedure. The compounds in the active region of the chromatogram were purified by a combination of column chromatography and preparative TLC, and then structure elucidation was achieved by 1D and 2D NMR, mass spectrometry and UV spectra.ResultsSeven compounds were isolated and identified: (1) plumbagin, (2) isoplumbagin, (3) 5, 8-dihydroxy-2-methyl-[1, 4] naphthoquinone, (4) droserone, (5) 7-methyljuglone, (6) Isozeylanone, and (7) methylene-3, 3-diplumbagin. Antimicrobial activity of the purified compounds were also evaluated against C. albicans (MIC values ranging from 2 to 2500 μM) and Gardnerella vaginalis (MIC values ranging from 20 to 2500 μM).ConclusionThese naphthoquinone compounds could be surveyed for finding new and more effective anti-vaginitis agents via drug design approaches.Keywords: Bio, autography, Plumbagin, Candida albicans, Gardnerella vaginalis}
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ICD-85 is a combination of three poly-peptides, ranging from 10,000 to 30,000 Dalton, derived from the venoms of an Iranian brown snake (Agkistrodon halys) and a yellow scorpion (Hemiscorpius lepturus). Labeling of this ICD-85 was successfully achieved with 99mTc, through direct method using SnF2 as reducing agent. Labeled ICD-85 was injected into mice to determine the excretion pathway. The results show that the maximum labeling yield (>75%) was obtained by using 30 μg of ICD-85 in phosphate buffer (60 μl, pH 7.1) at room temperature. Bio-distribution studies with radiolabeled ICD-85 shows moderate clearance of the complex from blood. The improvement of the immunotherapeutic treatment of cancer requires a better knowledge of the biological actions of the ICD-85 since tissue distribution studies are very important for clinical purpose.Keywords: Radiolabeling, Tc, 99m, Bio, distribution, Venom, ICD, 85}
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BackgroundNowadays, different methods are applied for the removal of heavy metals from the aqueous resources that the adsorption process is one of them. The chromium VI is one of the most prevalent contaminants which create serious difficulties; so, it should be removed from the contaminated waters by an effective method before being leaved into the environment. The present research investigated the use of dried powder of activated sludge of Kavirtire wastewater treatment plant as bio sorbent for removal of chromium (VI).MethodsIn the present experimental study, the effects of pH, adsorbent dose, primary concentration of metal and contact time on the removal of chromium (VI) from the aqueous solutions were studied. Then, the equations of isotherm and adsorption kinetic were specified based on the optimal conditions. The absorbent features were analyzed by SEM and EDX techniques.ResultsThe maximum efficiency of the removal of chromium (VI) at pH 2, optimal dose of 5 g/L, contact time of 60 min and with primary concentration of 15 mg/L was reported 99.83 percent. The study of relation of the isotherm and kinetic in the reaction revealed that the process of adsorptions of chromium follows the Freundlich model (R2=0.90) and the pseudo- second order kinetic model (R2= 1), respectively.ConclusionsThe dried powder of activated sludge can be applied as a proper adsorbent for the removal of Chromium VI from the aqueous resources.Keywords: Bio, sorbent, Wastewater, Adsorption, Chromium(VI), Isotherm}
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مقدمهدر حال حاضر، سرطان پستان از شایعترین بیماری های زنان است. دسته بندی دقیق تومور سرطان پستان نقش کلیدی را در امر تشخیص پزشکی ایفا می کند. متخصصین به دنبال روش های بهینه جهت بهبود تشخیص این تومور می باشند.روش بررسیدر این مطالعه شبکه عصبی مبتنی بر جغرافیای زیستی ارایه گردیده که با استفاده از آنالیز اجزای اصلی در مرحله آماده سازی و بروز رسانی همزمان وزنها موفق به دستهبندی داده ها به عنوان خوش خیم یا بدخیم می گردد. جهت ارزیابی الگوریتم ارایه شده از داده های بانک اطلاعاتی ویسکانسین استفاده شده است.
یافته ها: دقت تفکیک در حالت عادی یعنی حالتی که از آنالیز اجزای اصلی و الگوریتم بهینه سازی استفاده نشده و تنها شبکه عصبی با نسبت 70-30 داده های آموزش به تست مورد استفاده قرار گیرد، 2/97% است. با بکارگیری آنالیز اجزای اصلی و کاهش 9 ویژگی به 8 ویژگی دقت به 5/98 می رسد. نهایتا با استفاده از الگوریتم بهینه سازی جغرافیای زیستی همراه با اعتبار سنجی ضربدری 10 گانه دقت به 100% رسیده که به میزان قابل توجهی از نتایج بدست آمده از مطالعات دیگر موفق تر است.
نتیجه گیری: استفاده از این الگوریتم میتواند عملکرد شبکه عصبی را بهبود دهد. مقایسه روش ارایه شده با حالت بهینه نشده و در حالتی که فقط ازPCA و شبکه عصبی استفاده شده است، عملکرد بهینه این روش را نشان داد. نتایج حاکی از آن است که مدل ارایه شده در این مقاله دقت بسیار بالایی در تفکیک داده های سرطان پستان دارا می باشد و می توان از آن جهت تشخیص نهایی این سرطان استفاده نمود.کلید واژگان: بهینه سازی جغرافیای زیستی, آنالیز اجزای مستقل, شبکه عصبی پرسپترون چند لایه, الگوریتم پس انتشار}IntroductionBreast cancer is the most common cancer in women. Accurate classification of breast cancer has a key role in medical diagnosis. Hence, researchers seek optimized methods to improve tumor diagnosis.MethodsThe current study presents bio-geographical based optimization neural network for classifying data as benign and malignant using principal component analysis in preprocessing stage and updating weights concurrently. The presented algorithm was assessed using the data from Wisconsin databank.ResultsClassification accuracy in a normal state, that is, without applying principal component analysis and an optimization algorithm, and applying only neural network at a ratio of %70 to %30 from training and testing set is %97.2. Accuracy reaches %98.5 after applying principal component analysis and decreasing features from nine to eight. Finally, using bio-geographical based optimization algorithm with a 10-fold cross validation, accuracy reaches %100, which is significantly more successful than other similar studies.ConclusionApplying this algorithm can optimize the performance of the neural network. The optimal performance of this method is revealed by comparing the proposed method with the non-optimized method and the approach which used only PCA and neural network method. The results suggest that the method presented in this paper had a high accuracy in classifying breast cancer data and can be used for its diagnosis.Keywords: Bio, geographical Based Optimization, Principal Component Analysis, Multi, layer Perceptron, Back Propagation Method} -
Background & Aims of the Study: Identifying and determining the dispersion boundary bio-aerosols of bacterial and fungal pathogens for locating containers of municipal waste in accurate management to prevent from health damage and enhance society health is essential. The aim of this research is to identify and assess the radius of bacterial and fungal bio-aerosol emissions from municipal waste collection containers.Materials And MethodsThis was a cross- sectional study in Gonabad city in which air sample prepared from around the containers from July to October 2015. Sampling was carried out by active Zefon A6 Impactor samplers at a distance of 1.5 m from surface of earth and in several horizontal distances up to 2 m from containers. Totally, 360 samples were gathered and the bacteria and fungi were identified by microbiology tests. Also, temperature, humidity and wind speed was measured.ResultsAspergillus, yeast and Alternaria were the most dominant species of fungi in around of containers. Among bacteria, gram-positive bacilli and Staphylococcus epidermidis were dominant. Most of bio-aerosols in a distance of 25 cm from the containers (228.00±167.12 CFU/m3) and the lowest were observed at a distance of 2 m of the containers (223.86±204.72 CFU/m3).ConclusionThe findings indicated that municipal waste collection containers released the hazardous biological agents as Aspergillus and Staphylococcus aureus that are very pathogenic for human in environment. So the position of the garbage containers for decline the environment health effect, it should not be less than 2 m from human exposure.Keywords: Bio, aerosols, Hazardous Biological Agents, Municipal Waste, Waste Collection, Iran}
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Blood serum has been extensively explored as a source of the bio-markers [1, 2]. For concentration of minor protein(s) and depletion of abundant blood serum proteins a 2,2,2-trichloroacetic acid (TCA) precipitation procedure is frequently applied [3]. However, a significant amount of proteins may be present in the TCA extracts, and these proteins are often not studied.Recently, we have shown that a TCA-extracted fraction obtained from blood serum of the multiple sclerosis (MS) patients contains two proteins that were identified by the MALDI TOF/TOF as blood serum albumin (BSA) and a short form of the unconventional myosin lc (sMyo1C) [4]. We also demonstrated that the TCA-extracted fractions isolated from blood serum of the MS patients contain IgGs and/or their heavy chains [5]. These proteins have not been detected in the TCA-extracted fractions isolated from blood serum of healthy human donors and patients with the systemic lupus erythematosus or the rheumatoid arthritis.Here we report that the TCA-soluble fraction isolated from blood serum of the non-Hodgkins lymphoma contains sMyo1C that have been earlier detected in blood serum of the MS patients, while the blood serum of the multiple myeloma patients, in addition to that protein and albumin, also contains the IgG polypeptides.Keywords: blood serum, TCA, extracted proteins, non, Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, bio, markers}
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Lipases are the biocatalysts with outstanding prospects in industry and medicine. They have proven to be useful in various hydrolytic and synthetic reactions. However, there are some limitations for impure lipases that may restrict their widely uses in industrial applications. Purification is sometimes vital for the characterization of the function, structure, and interactions of lipases. The lipase immobilization is also an efficient strategy for increasing the enzyme activity and stability, and getting a simpler recovery. Lipases are naturally produced together with many other proteins that they may occupy some surface of immobilization solid support and decrease the final activity. The coupling of immobilization and purification of lipase will overcome the mentioned problems and obtain the maximum purification yields. The present mini-review will discuss the use of the techniques that permit to join immobilization and purification of lipases in a single step, including control of the immobilization conditions by interfacial activation on hydrophobic supports, the development of specific supports with affinity for lipases, and the use of bio-affinity supports including immuno- and lectin affinity.Keywords: Lipase, Immobilization, Purification, Bio, affinity, Interfacial activation}
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Environmental Health Engineering and Management Journal, Volume:3 Issue: 4, Autumn 2016, PP 197 -202BackgroundBio-aerosols in the air of hospital wards have an important role in the development of infections. It is important to make quantitative and qualitative estimations of microorganisms in the air of these wards as an index for environmental hygiene applicable to different hospital wards. The aim of the study was to investigate degrees of diversity and density of bio-aerosols in the education hospitals of Kerman city.MethodsThis study applied a descriptive-cross-sectional methodology in the second half of 2014 in the education hospitals of Kerman city, with bed capacity of over 300. As many as 200 samples were collected from the air in different wards of each hospital using the standard method of the National Occupational Health and Safety Institute. Following collection, samples were placed in an incubator for 48 hours and then bio-aerosol detections were made for and resulting data reported as colonies/m3.ResultsResults indicated that maximum and minimum degrees of bacterial density were observed in operation rooms and in the intensive care unit (ICU) of Shafa hospital. Furthermore, comparison showed that the operating room at Afzalipour hospital had the lowest level of fungal contamination, while ICU at Bahonar hospital had the highest level of fungal contamination. The emitted fungi of Aspergillus and Penicillium along with the bacteria, staphylococci and Acinetobacter had greater frequencies. The means of bacterial density and fungal density were not equal across the studied hospitals and significant statistical, difference was observed between means of bacterial and fungal density (P ≤ 0.001).ConclusionAmounts of bacterial and fungal density were greater than those proposed in the American Industrial Health State Conference in 73.3% of the wards in the educational hospitals of Kerman city sampled in this study. Therefore it is suggested that implementation of some, necessary measures for continuous monitoring, promotion of hygienic disinfection standards, and ventilation systems are taken more seriously by stipulating regulations to control this important issue in the countrys hospitals.Keywords: Bacteria, Fungal, Bio, aerosol, Hospital, Kerman}
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سابقه و هدفاثرات سوء ناشی از دفع نامناسب فاضلاب در محیط، جمع آوری فاضلاب و تصفیه آن را امری ضروری و اجتناب ناپذیر کرده است. به گونه ای که علاوه بر احداث تصفیه خانه فاضلاب، برای رسیدن به استانداردهای زیست محیطی مطلوب، لزوم ارزیابی عملکرد مداوم سیستم های تصفیه مطرح می باشد. با توجه به اینکه پل ارتباطی بین نتایج آزمایشگاهی و کاربردهای صنعتی در تصفیه فاضلاب، تعیین ضرایب بیوسنتیک است. این مطالعه باهدف ارزیابی عملکرد و تعیین ضرایب بیوسنتیکی فرآیند لجن فعال تصفیه خانه فاضلاب شهر سنندج انجام شد.روش بررسیاین مطالعه از نوع توصیفی – مقطعی و بر روی تصفیه خانه شهر سنندج با استفاده از سیستم تصفیه هوازی جریان پیوسته از نوع لجن فعال صورت گرفت. در این مطالعه جمعا 30 نمونه از فاضلاب ورودی و پساب خروجی برداشته شد و آزمایشات بر روی آن ها انجام شد. پارامترهای کیفی فاضلاب: اکسیژن موردنیاز بیوشیمیایی ، اکسیژن خواهی شیمیایی ، مواد معلق ، اندازه گیری و راندمان حذف و ضرایب بیوسنتیکی مانند نرخ حداکثر مصرف سوبسترا (K)، ضریب خود تخریبی (Kd)، ثابت نیمه اشباع (Ks)، ضریب بازده رشد (Y) و حداکثر رشد ویژه (maxμ) محاسبه گردید.یافته هامیانگین درصد حذف برای اکسیژن خواهی شیمیایی ، اکسیژن موردنیاز بیوشیمیایی و مواد معلق به ترتیب برابر با 3/3±90/3، 1/9±93/9 و 4/2±86/4 به دست آمد. با توجه به محدوده غلظت MLVSS، ضریب K و Ks به ترتیب معادل با d-12/5 و mg/L7/25 و Y، Kdو maxμ نیز برابر با 0/013، d-10/027 وd-10/03 محاسبه شد.نتیجه گیریپساب حاصل از فرایند لجن فعال تصفیه خانه مذکور ازنظر دستیابی به پارامترهای کیفی فاضلاب برای مصارف کشاورزی و تخلیه به آب سطحی یا چاه جاذب مطلوب می باشد. نتایج این مطالعه منجر به معرفی پارامترهای بیوسنتیکی گردید. ضمن اینکه از ضرایب بیوسنتیکی به دست آمده از این مطالعه، می توان در طراحی سیستم های تصفیه مشابه در مناطق سردسیری استفاده نمود.کلید واژگان: ضرایب بیوسنتیکی, ارزیابی عملکرد, لجن فعال}Background And ObjectivesCollection and treatment of wastewater due to adverse effect of improper wastewater disposal to the environment is inevitable and necessary. So that establishing of wastewater treatment plant toward regular evaluation of treatment systems performance is necessary for achieving environmental standards. Biokinetic coefficients obtained from laboratory studies are vital factors in industrial applications. The aim of present study was performance evaluation and bio-kinetic coefficients determination of activated sludge unit in Sanandaj wastewater treatment plant.Materials And MethodsThis cross-sectional study implemented in wastewater treatment plant of Sanandaj using continuous activated sludge process. In this study 30 samples were taken from influent and effluent wastewater and experiments carried out on them. The wastewater quality parameters including BOD5, COD, TSS and MLSS were measured; removal efficiency and bio-kinetic coefficients such as yield coefficient maximum substrate utilization rate (k), endogenous decay coefficient (kd), half saturation coefficient (Ks), Yield coefficient (Y) and specific maximum growth (μ_max) were also calculated.ResultsMean of COD, BOD5 and TSS removal was obtained 90.3 ± 3.3, 93.9 ± 1.9 and 86.4 ± 4.2, respectively. According to MLSS/MLVSS concentration, K, Ks, Y, Kd andμ_max were calculated 2.5 d-1, 7.25 mg/L, 0.013, 0.027 d-1 and 0.03 d-1,respectively.ConclusionEffluent derived from the activated sludge treatment plant in terms of achieving to BOD5, COD and TSS standards for discharge into surface water or agricultural purposes is desirable. Results of this study resulted in calculation of bio-kinetics confections. The bio-kinetic coefficients obtained in this study can be used in designing of similar plants, especially in cold areas.Keywords: Bio, kinetic coefficients, performance evaluation, activated sludge}
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اهداف کاهش ظرفیت های جسمانی و عملکردی ازجمله عوامل خطرآفرین در افتادن، معلولیت، آسیب دیدگی یا مرگ سالمندان به شمار می رود. تمرین در آب یکی از روش های مطرح شده به منظور بهبود عملکرد سالمندان است. برای سالمندان انجام برخی از فعالیت ها در خشکی و مشکلات و خطرات آسیب دیدگی را به همراه دارد. با درنظرگرفتن دوره زمانی طولانی تر بازیافت در سالمندان و نبود امکان برخی سالمندان برای شرکت در فعالیت های بدنی به ویژه تمرین در آب، دست کاری تعداد جلسات تمرین در آب از اهمیت فراوانی برخوردار است. هدف این تحقیق مقایسه تاثیر تعداد جلسات تمرینات آبی در هفته بر شاخص های تعادلی و عملکردی سالمندان کم تحرک بود.
مواد و روش ها پژوهش حاضر کاربردی و روش آن نیمه تجربی بود. در این مطالعه 36 مرد سالمند با میانگین سنی 15/2±63/64 سال، قد 32/4±50/165 سانتی متر، وزن 73/3±98/62 کیلوگرم و شاخص توده بدنی 72/1±21/23 مترمربع داوطلبانه انتخاب شدند. ارزیابی های اولیه پس از امضای فرم رضایت نامه شخصی انجام شد. سپس آزمودنی ها به صورت تصادفی در سه گروه 12 نفری گروه دوجلسه ای و سه جلسه ای و گروه کنترل تقسیم شدند و برنامه تمرین آبی شش هفته ای اجرا شد. در آغاز و پایان برنامه تمرینات شاخص های تعادلی و عملکردی، قدرت اندام تحتانی و انعطاف پذیری موردارزیابی قرار گرفتند. برای بررسی اختلاف در پیش آزمون و پس آزمون هر گروه از آزمون تی زوجی و برای مقایسه نتایج در سه گروه با یکدیگر از آزمون آماری تحلیل واریانس یک طرفه (ANOVA) استفاده شد. همچنین تمامی عملیات آماری با استفاده از نسخه 17 نرم افزار SPSS در سطح معنی داری 05/0≥P محاسبه شد.
یافته ها نتایج حاکی از آن است که در عامل های تعادل پویا و ایستا و توانایی حرکتی بین گروه دوجلسه ای و سه جلسه ای تمرین در هفته تفاوت معنی دار وجود ندارد (05/0P≥). ازسوی دیگر قدرت و انعطاف پذیری گروه سه جلسه ای در مقایسه با گروه دو جلسه ای تفاوت معنی داری نشان داد (05/0≥P). علاوه براین یافته های آزمون تی زوجی نشان داد در تمامی عامل ها بین میانگین نمرات پیش آزمون و پس آزمون هر دو گروه تجربی تفاوت معناداری وجود دارد (05/0P≤). بااین حال در گروه کنترل این تفاوت معنادار نبود (05/0P≥). درهرصورت در پس آزمون در مقایسه با پیش آزمون عوامل قدرت و انعطاف پذیری گروه سه جلسه تمرین آبی در هفته در مقایسه با گروه دو جلسه تمرین در هفته، افزایش به مراتب بیشتری را نشان داد.
نتیجه گیری به نظر می رسد در سالمندان کم تحرک بعد از اجرای فعالیت های بدنی در آب، بهبود عوامل جسمانی چون تعادل ایستا و پویا و توانایی حرکتی از حجم تمرین بیشتر از تعداد جلسات تمرینی تاثیر می پذیرد. البته افزایش تعداد جلسات تمرینی می تواند دیگر عوامل جسمانی از قبیل قدرت و انعطاف پذیری را به میزان مشابه یا بیشتری افزایش دهد.کلید واژگان: توانایی حرکتی, شاخص زیستی, حرکتی, انعطاف پذیری, قدرت اندام تحتانی}Objectives The loss of physiological and functional capacity is a risk factor for falls, disability, and injury or death in the elderly. Water base-exercise (WEX) is one of the proposed methods for improving the performance of the elderly. The aim of this research was to study the effect of water base-exercise frequency on the balance and functional indices of untrained elderly man.
Methods & Materials This was a semi-experimental study consisting of 36 elderly men within the age group of 64.36±2.15 years, height 165.05±4.32 cm, weight 62.89±3.73 kg, and BMI 23.12±1.72, who volunteered to participate in the study. Prior to the initial assessment, each participant gave their written personal consent. Then the subjects were randomly divided into three groups of 12 members each: 2 d·wk-1, 3 d·wk-1, and control group. The water training protocol was followed for six weeks. Functional and balance parameters including flexibility, and strength of the lower extremities were evaluated before and after the completion of the training protocol. The differences in pretest and posttest for each group were examined using the paired t-test and one-way ANOVA was used for comparison among the three groups. The value of P≥0.05 was considered significant. SPSS 17 software was used for carrying out all statistical operations.
Results The search indicated that the factor of static and dynamic balance and movement ability between the 2 d·wk-1 and 3 d·wk-1 WEX groups were not significantly different (P≥0.05). On the other hand, lower extremity strength and flexibility in the 3 d·wk-1 WEX group was significantly different from the 2 d·wk-1 (P≥0.05). Although the t-test results revealed significant differences (P≥0.05) between pretest and posttest scores of the experimental group, this difference was non-significant in the control group (P≥0.05).
Conclusion It was concluded that the balance and movement ability factors of elderly people are highly affected by the volume of practice to training frequency. However, the increase in training frequency could improve other physical factors such as muscle strength and flexibility in the elderly.Keywords: Motor ability, Bio, motor indices, Flexibility, Strength of the lower extremities} -
Nanobiotechnology appears to be an emerging science which leads to new developments in the field of medicine. Importance of the magnetic nanomaterials in biomedical science cannot be overlooked. The most commonly used chemical methods to synthesize drugable magnetic nanobeads are co-precipitation, thermal decomposition and microemulsion. However monodispersion, selection of an appropriate coating material for in vivo application, stability and unique physical properties like size, shape and composition of nanobeads remain unsettled challenge. The use of hazardous reagents during chemical synthesis is another impediment for in vivo application of the magnetic nanobeads. The current minireview put forth the pros and cons of chemical and biological synthesis of magnetic nanobeads. We critically focus on chemical and biological methods of synthesis of the magnetic nanobeads along with their biomedical applications and subsequently suggest a suitable synthetic approach for potential biocompatible nanobeads. Biogenic synthesis is proposed to be the best option which generates biocompatible nanobeads. Reducing enzymes present in plants, plant materials or microbes reduce precursor inorganic salts to nano sized materials. These nanomaterials exhibit biomolecules on their surface. The use of biologically synthesized magnetic nanobeads in diagnostics and therapeutics would be safe for human and ecosystem.Keywords: Bio, synthesis, Biomedical application, Chemical synthesis, Magnetic nanobeads, Nanobiotechnology}
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مجله بولتن پژوهش در علوم پزشکی، سال بیست و یکم شماره 1 (پیاپی 109، فروردین و اردیبهشت 1395)، صص 40 -51سابقه و هدفمواجهه ی دراز مدت با غلظت های بالای سلنیت می تواند به بروز ناراحتی های پوستی، از دست رفتن مو، تغییر شکل ناخن ها، نکروز کبد و کلیه، اشکالات تنفسی و در نهایت مرگ سلولی منجر شود. در این راستا، جداسازی و تعیین هویت ملکولی مخمرهای بومی مقاوم به سلنیت، بعنوان کاتالیست های ایمن طبیعی و مناسب در آزمایشات زیست پالایی اکسی آنیون سمی سلنیت مورد توجه قرار گرفت.مواد و روش هادر این مطالعه ی تجربی، پس از نمونه برداری از حوضچه های جمع آوری پساب و لجن فعال، غربال گری اولیه براساس جداسازی در محیط کشت انتخابی کلرامفنیکل رزبنگال آگار غنی شده با سلنیت انجام شد. ارزیابی الگوی تحمل پذیری ذاتی سویه های غربال گری شده نسبت به سلنیت با استفاده از روش های رقت در آگار و دیسک دیفیوژن آگار انجام شد. زمان دو برابر شدن سلول ها و تعیین درصد بازدارندگی رشد سویه های مخمری مقاوم با ترسیم منحنی های استاندارد رشد در حضور سلنیت مورد سنجش قرار گرفت. برای ارزیابی حذف میکروبی سلنیت از تکنیک کالریمتری با کمک معرف 3و3- دی آمینو بنزیدین هیدروکلراید استفاده شد. تعیین هویت سویه مخمری کارآمد بر مبنای آنالیزهای فنوتیپی و فیلوژنتیکی انجام شد.یافته هادر مجموع 32 جدایه مخمری مقاوم به سلنیت از نمونه های پساب و لجن فعال جدا گردید. براساس نتایج الگوی تحمل پذیری و تایید نتایج به کمک کدورت به دست آمده از رسم منحنی های رشد، سویه se29w (جدا شده از پساب کارخانه تولید لاستیک) با ماکزیمم تحمل پذیری 18 گرم در لیتر نسبت به یون سمی سلنیت، به عنوان سویه ی کارآمد تحت نام کاندیدا تروپیکالیس مورد شناسایی ملکولی قرار گرفت و در بانک ژنی با شماره شناسایی KR150680 ثبت شد. همچنین در این پژوهش مشخص شد مخمر بومی مذکور قادر است سلنیت سمی را به سلنیوم احیا کند. در ادامه ی این پژوهش، از سلول های در حال استراحت مخمر مذکور به عنوان کاتالیست زیستی جهت آزمایشات سلنیت زدایی استفاده شد که براساس نتایج پس از 60 ساعت گرماگذاری، کاهش 5/92 درصدی از سلنیت موجود در محیط زیست تبدیلی با غلظت اولیه یک گرم در لیتر تحت شرایط دمایی 30 درجه سانتی گراد، pH برابر 2/7 و غلظت 20 گرم در لیتر وزن تر توده سلولی مشاهده شد.نتیجه گیریدر این مقاله برای نحستین بار حذف و احیای سلنیت در گونه ی مخمری کاندیدا تروپیکالیس گزارش شد. روش های غربال گری پیشنهاد شده در پژوهش اخیر، می تواند ما را در انتخاب هدفمند کاتالیست های میکروبی کارآمد برای آزمایشات زیست پالایی سلنیت، در جهت ارتقای سلامت و حفظ محیط زیست یاری کند.کلید واژگان: سلنیت, زیست پالایی, رقت در آگار, دیسک دیفیوژن آگار, سلول در حال استراحت, کاندیدا تروپیکالیس}Background And AimContamination of soil and water resources with selenium oxyanions is a serious public health and environmental threat. Long-term exposure to high selenite concentrations can result in skin disorders, hair loss, liver and kidney necrosis, breathing problems, deformed nails and cell death. In this regard, isolation and identification of indigenous selenite-resistant yeast strains can be used as safe and natural catalysts in the bio-remediation of the toxic selenite (SeO3-2).Materials And MethodsIn this experimental study, collected wastewater effluent and activated sludge samples are cultured into the selective Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol Agar medium containing selenite for selective screening of target strains of yeast. Agar dilution method and disk diffusion testing was performed to determine the intrinsic tolerance isolated yeast strains to selenite. The doubling time and the percentage of growth inhibition of the resistant isolated yeast strains in the presence of selenite were determined from standard growth curves. A colorimetric method using 3, 3-Diaminobenzidine hydrochloride has been developed for the microbial selenite removal. Phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses were used in the characterization of the potent yeast strain.ResultsConfirmation of the results from selenite tolerance pattern was performed on turbidity growth curves of the isolated yeast strains. The results showed that the strain se29w, isolated from waste rubber plant, exhibited maximum tolerance of 18 g/l to selenite. The strain se29w was classified as Candida tropicalis (GenBank accession number KR150680). Reduction of selenite to elemental red selenium was also observed in the strain se29w. Based on the results of selenite removal experiments, the resting cells of C. tropicalis se29w is capable remove 92.5% of selenite with initial concentration of 1 g/l at 30 C, pH 7.2, agitation 180 rpm, 20 g/l of wet biomass and after 60h incubation.
ConclusionThe present research is the first report on the removal and reduction of selenite with C. tropicalis. The current project have proposed a variety of screening methods for identifying targeted microbial catalysts for bio-remediation of selenite and to improve environmental and human health.Keywords: Selenite, Bio, remediation, Agar dilution method, Disk diffusion test, Resting cell, C. tropicalis strain se29w} -
مقدمهفرمالدوئید یکی از ترکیبات آلاینده سمی، جهش زا و احتمالا سرطانزا می باشد که از صنایع مختلف دنیا به میزان زیاد به هوا تخلیه می گردد. هدف اصلی از این مطالعه بررسی پارامترهای کینتیکی یک بیوفیلتر چکنده و در کنار آن ارائه مدلی ساده رگرسیونی می باشد.روش بررسیدر این مطالعه با کمک داده های حاصل از یک بیوفیلتر صافی چکنده در مقیاس آزمایشگاهی که در حذف بخار فرمالدوئید از هوا مورد استفاده قرار گرفته بود جهت تعیین ضرایب کینتیکی Km و rmax اقدام گردید. همچنین به کمک این داده ها یک مدل رگرسیونی ساده نیز محاسبه شد.یافته هادر نهایت با کمک این معادلات نسبت به پیش بینی راندمان سیستم در غلظت های مختلف ورودی به بیوفیلتر اقدام گردید و داده های حاصل با اندازه گیری های واقعی در پایلوت مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت.نتیجه گیرینتایج حاصل از این مطالعه مشخص نمود که مدل رگرسیونی از دقت بالایی بر خوردار است لیکن فقط قادر به پیش بینی متوسط راندمان بیوفیلتر در حذف بخار فرمالدوئید بود. ولیکن مدل کینتیکی دارای مقداری خطا در پیش بینی ها بود لیکن نتایج این مدل اتطباق زیادی با نتایج ورودی داشته و تقریبا فراز و فرودهای دوره راهبری سیستم را پیش بینی نمود.کلید واژگان: فرمالدوئید, ضرایب کینتیکی, مدلسازی, بیوفیلتر, تجزیه بیولوژیکی}Tolooe Behdasht, Volume:15 Issue: 1, 2016, PP 198 -207IntroductionFormaldehyde is a toxic, mutagen and probably carcinogen compound that can be released to air by world different industries. The present study aimed to investigate the kinetic parameters of a trickling bio-filter as well as to present a simple regression model.MethodsThe data of previous studies on formaldehyde vapor removal by bio-trickling filter in a laboratory scale was used to determine rmax and Km. Moreover, the data were applied to develop a simple regression model.ResultsFormaldehyde removal efficiency in different input concentrations was predicted by both regression and kinetic models. All results were compared with actual data in the pilot study.ConclusionThe results of the present study revealed that although regression model has a high precision, it only could predict the mean of bio-filter efficiency in formaldehyde removal. Kinetic model demonstrated some extent of error in predicting, though it has a good alignment with the actual data, and thus, the results of this model can approximately predict ups and downs of system navigation.Keywords: Biodegradation, Bio, filter, Formaldehyde, Kinetic coefficient, Modelin}
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Use of natural antimicrobial compounds extracted from plants such as cinnamon as preservative to extend the shelf life has gain much attention. In this study, we evaluated the antimicrobial activity and bio- preservative potential of the methanolic extract of Cinnamomum verum bark and its oil against Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosae and Escherichia coli in ketchup sauce. In order to evaluate the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of essential oil and methanolic extract from the bark of C. verum, agar dilution method was performed. Then the effective inhibitory concentrations were evaluated on growth of test bacteria in ketchup sauce at 4 °C and room temperature in different storage times (1, 7, 14 and 30 days). In addition, the sensory quality of treated ketchups was assessed. This study showed bacteriostatic effect of the essential oils and methanolic extract on all tested bacteria. The best treatment in ketchup sauce was obtained on days 14 at 4 °C in concentrations of 1500 µg/ml essential oil. In sensory evaluation, the sample containing 1000 µg/ml essential oil had higher score in odor, taste and overall acceptability than other treated samples (PKeywords: Cinnamomum verum, Bio, preservative, Antimicrobial activity, Essential oil, Methanolic extract}
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Background andPurposeIn the process of rapid urbanization and industrialization in developing countries, environmental pollution is a major concern. One of the fastest growing problems of environmental pollution is an excessive intake of lead in urban soils. Lead concentrations in urban soil may result from human activities such as vehicle emissions and industrial activities. This study aimed to determine of lead contents in roadside soil samples in Tehran city, Iran.Materials And MethodsOne of Tehran municipality’s subsections was selected for the collection of 21 samples from seven stations along a main urban highway. In this study, samples were taken over a period of 3-month in the dry season. Sampling was performed in the order of 100 m long, perpendicular to the roadside at 0, 50, and 100 m from the road. Lab measurements were performed on the physical and chemical properties of samples. The extraction was performed using four kinds of acids (HCL, HNO3, HF, and HCLO4).ResultsLead concentrations were measured by a spectrophotometer with an average concentration of lead in soil samples of roadsides standing at 112.21 part a million (PPM), and the average lead bio-accessibility at 14.19 PPM.ConclusionLead concentrations showed a linear decrement in proportion to the distance from center line of the road. Human cultural activities were sources of lead pollution by examine soil contamination indexes.Keywords: Bio, Accessibility, Lead, Pollution Indexes, Soil Contamination, Urban Roadside}
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BackgroundThis research studies the effects of activation and inhibition of Wnt3A signaling pathway in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) embryonic stem (ES) cell-like cells.Materials And MethodsTo carry on this experimental study, the effects of activation and inhibition of Wnt3A signaling in buffalo ES cell-like cells were examined using Bio (0.5 mM) combined with WNT3A (200 ng/ml), as an activator, and Dickkopf-1 (Dkk1, 250 ng/ml), as an inhibitor, of the pathway. ES cells were cultured up to three weeks in ES cell medium without fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), but in the presence of Bio, WNT3A, Bio+WNT3A and Dkk1. The effects of these supplements were measured on the mean area of ES cell colonies and on the expression levels of a number of important genes related to pluripotency (Oct4, Nanog, Sox2 and c-Myc) and the Wnt pathway (β-catenin). ES cell colonies cultured in ES cell medium that contained optimized quantities of LIF and FGF-2 were used as the control. Data were collected for week-1 and week-3 treated cultures. In addition, WNT3A-transfected ES cells were compared with the respective mock-transfected colonies, either alone or in combination with Dkk1 for expression of β-catenin and the pluripotency-related genes. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, and statistical significance was accepted at P<0.05.ResultsAmong various examined concentrations of Bio (0.5-5 mM), the optimum effect was observed at the 0.5 mM dose as indicated by colony area and expressions of pluripotency- related genes at both weeks-1 and -3 culture periods. At this concentration,the expressions of Nanog, Oct3/4, Sox2, c-Myc and β-catenin genes were nonsignificantly higher compared to the controls. Expressions of these genes were highest in the Bio+WNT3A treated group, followed by the WNT3A and Bio-supplemented groups, and lowest in the Dkk1-treated group. The WNT-transfected colonies showed higher expressions compared to both mock and Dkk1-treated mock transfected colonies.ConclusionWNT3A functions to maintain the pluripotency of ES cell-like cells both as an exogenous growth factor as well as an endogenously expressed gene. It complements the absence of FGF-2 and LIF, otherwise propounded essential for buffalo ES cell culture. WNT3A antagonizes the inhibitory effects of Dkk1 and acts in combination with its activator, Bio, to activate the Wnt signaling pathway.Keywords: WNT3A, Buffalo, Embryonic Stem Cells, Bio, Dkk1}
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BackgroundRosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) as a member of the Lamiaceae family is a valuable aromatic and medicinal plant which is cultivated in large scale in Iran. Therefore, it is necessary to determine influence of factors affecting plant growth and drug metabolite production.ObjectivesThis experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of bio-stimulators compounds on growth and phytochemical traits of rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.).MethodsThis experiment was conducted on the basis of randomized complete blocks design with three replications at Medicinal Plants Institute (MPI) of ACECR in 2013. The treatments included commercial formulations of aminolforte, kadostim, fosnutren, humiforte (each of them at 0.75 and 1.5 L.ha-1), 120 kg.ha-1 chemical fertilizers (N.P.K, 15:8:15%), and control treatment (without any bio-stimulators and chemical fertilizer applications).ResultsThe effects of treatments were significant (p≤0.01) on all of the traits in a way that the maximum value of plant height (42.94 cm), leaf length (34.92 mm), leaf width (4.2 mm), number of leaves per plant (465 leaves.plant-1), leaf SPAD value (56.1 SPAD), total dry weight (246.78 kg.ha-1) essential oil (1.4%), α-pinene (27.35%), was obtained by foliar application of 1.5 L.ha-1 fosnutren. Also, the highest of collar diameter of stem (10.77 mm) and number of branches per plant (24.63 branches.plant-1) and camphor (9.87%) was observed in chemical fertilizers treatment, 1.5 L.ha-1 aminolforte and humiforte, respectively. In contrast, the least amounts of traits were observed in control treatment.ConclusionThe growth and phytochemical traits of rosemary increased due to foliar application of bio-stimulators compounds.Keywords: Rosmarinus officinalis L., Bio, stimulators, Camphor, Essential oil content, ?, pinene}
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ObjectiveThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of two types of bone substitutes, Bio-Oss and NuOss, for repair of bone defects.Materials And MethodsThis study was performed on the calvaria of 14 New Zealand rabbits. The 6mm critical size defect (CSD) models of bone regeneration were used. Three CSDs were created in each surgical site. The first defect was filled with NuOss, the second one with Bio-Oss and the third one remained unfilled as the control. After healing periods of one and two months (seven animal for each time point), histological and histomorphometric analyses were carried out to assess the amount of new bone formation, presence of inflammation, foreign body reaction and type of new bone. Qualitative variables were analyzed by multiple comparisons, Wilcoxon, Friedman and Mann Whitney tests. Quantitative variables were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. Level of statistical significance was set at 0.05.ResultsThe level of inflammation was not significantly different at four and eight weeks in the Bio-Oss (P=0.944), NuOss (P=1.000) and control groups (P=0.71). At four weeks, foreign body reaction was not observed in Bio-Oss, NuOss and control groups.There was no significant difference in the type of the newly formed bone at four and eight weeks in any group (P=0.141 for Bio-Oss, P=0.06 for NuOss and P=0.389 for the control group).ConclusionDeproteinized bovine bone mineral can be used as a scaffold in bone defects to induce bone regeneration.Keywords: Bone regeneration, Deproteinized, Bovine bone, Bio, Oss, Adequate}
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مقدمهتهویه در کاهش میزان پاتوژن های هوابرد در اتاق های ایزوله به ویژه اتاق هایی که بیماران مسلول در آن بستری هستند، نقش قابل توجهی دارد. این مطالعه به بررسی تاثیر تهویه بر میزان تراکم بیوآئروسول های هوابرد در یک اتاق بیمار مسلول می پردازد.روش بررسیدر این مطالعه تجربی به یک اتاق تک تخته بیمارستانی که در آن یک بیمار مبتلا به سل بستری بود 5 حالت تهویه که هر یک دارای 3 ظرفیت تهویه مختلف بود اعمال گردید. در ضمن در هر حالت تهویه، تخت بیمار در 2 وضعیت مختلف و مجسمه یک نفر پرستار در کنار تخت قرار داده شد. در هر یک از این حالات، از بیوآئروسل های موجود در هوای اتاق نمونه برداری محیطی به عمل آمد. بدین منظور برای هر حالت، 3 نمونه محیطی از هوای اتاق گرفته شد. نمونه برداری محیطی توسط دستگاه باکتری سمپلر و محیط کشت آگار خونی انجام و در آزمایشگاه پاتولوژی شمارش گردید.یافته هامیزان تراکم بیوآئروسول های کل در هوای اتاق بیمار با اعمال حالت های مختلف تهویه به طور معنی داری (001/0 P<) تغییر کرد. حتی با اعمال کمترین ظرفیت تهویه در بدترین شرایط هوادهی و هواکشی نیز میزان تراکم بیوآئروسول های موجود در هوای اتاق نسبت به حالتی که در اتاق از سیستم تهویه استفاده نمی شد به طور معنی داری (001/0 P<) کاهش یافت. در بهترین حالت با ورود هوای تمیز از طریق یک دریچه گرد سقفی و خروج آن از طریق یک مکنده خطی نصب شده بر روی دیوار (با 12 بار تعویض هوا در ساعت) میانگین تراکم بیوآئروسول های کل به 25 کلنی در هر متر مکعب کاهش یافت. در موثرترین حالت تهویه در صورت ثابت بودن نوع و ظرفیت تهویه اتاق، چیدمان تخت باعث کاهش 75/17% در میزان تراکم آلاینده های نمونه برداری شده از هوای کل شد.نتیجه گیرینصب سیستم تهویه مناسب تعیین شده در این مطالعه برای اتاق های ایزوله توصیه می شود.
کلید واژگان: بیوآئروسل, اتاق ایزوله, باکتری, سل, تهویه}BackgroundVentilation plays a crucial role in reducing the number of air transmitted pathogens in isolated rooms. Determination of the suitable type of ventilation system and the proper ventilating rate has always been a challenge. Patients’ bed arrangement and the location of the staff are also expected to influence the occupational exposure of the staffs’ to harmful airborne particles. The purpose of this project was to determine the state of ventilation systems, patient’s bed and the location of the healthcare staff in these rooms, upon the risk to the staff being exposed to the airborne pollution in these places.MethodsThroughout this practical study, a single-bed hospital room, where a tuberculosis patient had been admitted, was chosen. Thereafter, 5 types of ventilation systems were applied for the experiment. Whilst applying various ventilating scenarios, a patient’s bed and a statue of a hypothetical healthcare staff were positioned in 2 different locations. During each of these experiments, 3 occupational samples were taken from the bio-aerosols in the room.ResultsThe total density of the bio-aerosols in the patient’s room changes significantly (P<0.001) within different plans. The least amount of capacity and the worst aeration and the concentration of indoor air bio-aerosols meaningfully decreased (p<0.001) in comparison with the air of a room within which no ventilation system is utilized. When air is supplied via a vent on the ceiling and it is exhausted from a vent situated on a wall at the southern part of the room, the total density of the bio-aerosols reduced to 25cfu/m3 (application of 12 air changes per hour). The arrangement of patients’ bed caused 17.75% reduction in total density of the sampled pollutions from the air.ConclusionApplication of a system as determined in this study is recommended for isolated roomsKeywords: Bio, aerosols, Isolated rooms, Tuberculosis bacteria, Ventilation} -
تجمع زیستی برخی از عناصر فلزی در پوست و بافت خوراکی میگوی ببری سبز صید شده از آب های سواحل خلیج فارسزمینهامروزه پیامدهای دریافت یون های فلزی و به ویژه فلزات سنگین بر سلامت انسان و محیط زیست و همچنین مخاطرات ناشی از مصرف فراورده های دریایی که این قبیل یون ها را به صورت تجمع یافته در خود دارند، بسیار مورد توجه است. هدف از این مطالعه کاربردی- تحقیقی تعیین غلظت برخی از عناصر فلزی (شامل نیکل، آهن، وانادیم، کبالت، کروم، نقره، کادمیم، لیتیم و باریم) در میگوی ببری سبز صید شده از آب های خلیج فارس بوده است.مواد و روش هادر این پژوهش 21 نمونه میگوی ببری سبز از 7 منطقه صیادی در بندر بوشهر، بندر ماهشهر و بندرعباس جمع آوری و بلافاصله در کنار یخ به آزمایشگاه منتقل گردید. پس از آماده سازی نمونه ها مطابق روش مرجع AOAC، جهت تعیین غلظت یون های فلزی از روش طیف بینی نشر اتمی پلاسمای جفت شده القایی استفاده شد.یافته هانتایج حاصل از این بررسی نشان می دهد به جز در مورد وانادیم، میانگین غلظت تمامی عناصر در عضله میگو بیش از پوست آن ها بود. همچنین در میانگین غلظت کبالت و لیتیم موجود در پوست و عضله میگو اختلاف معنی داری وجودداشت (05/0>P). میانگین غلظت کلیه عناصر اندازه گیری شده هم در عضله و هم در پوست میگو در بندر بوشهر در مقایسه با دو بندر دیگر بیشتر بودکه نمایانگر آلودگی بالقوه بیشتر این بندر به فلزات مذکور می باشد.نتیجه گیریمقایسه میانگین غلظت یون های فلزی در عضله میگو با مقادیر خطوط راهنمای تعیین شده از سوی سازمان بهداشت جهانی نشان می دهد که غلظت تمامی عناصر مورد بررسی کمتر از حد مجاز بوده و برای سلامت مصرف کننده مخاطره ای ندارد.
کلید واژگان: فلزات سنگین, تجمع زیستی, میگوی ببری سبز, خلیج فارس}BackgroundToday the consequences of taking metal ions especially heavy metals on human health and the environment is of great interest, especially for aquatic food products. The main aim of this scientific and applied research was to measure, some ionic metals’ concentration (i.e. Ni, Fe, V, Co, Cr, Ag, Cd, Li and Ba) in Shrimp Penaeus semisulcatus collected from Persian Gulf.Materials And MethodsIn this research twenty one samples of Shrimp Penaeus semisulcatus from seven regional fishing ports in Bandar Bushehr, Bandar Mahshahr and Bandar Abbass were collected and transferred to the laboratory in an ice box immediately. After sample preparation according to the AOAC method, each sample was introduced into the inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) for determination of the metallic elements’ concentration.ResultsThe results showed that the average concentration of all elements except of vanadium in the muscle of shrimp was higher than the skin. Statistical analysis showed significant differences in the mean of cobalt and lithium accumulation in the skin and muscle of shrimp (P <0/05). Also mean concentration of metals measured in the muscle and skin of shrimps collected from Bushehr have the highest amount of metallic pollution compared to the other two fishing regions which could be a sign of potential contamination of this aquatic area.ConclusionThe comparison of mean concentration in muscle of collected shrimps from Persian Gulf with the WHO recommended guidlines showed that the concentration of metallic elements are lower than the WHO allowable limits and there is no concern regarding consumption of these products.Keywords: Heavy Metals, Bio, accumulation, Shrimp Penaeus semisulcatus, Persian Gulf}
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