جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "biological warfare" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Bioterrorism is the deliberate release of highly pathogenic biological agents including a variety of microorganisms or biological toxins that kill a large number of people. By training self-care programs about bioterrorism, the severe effects and consequences of bioterrorism actions can be reduced to some extent. The present study outlines the importance and role of self-care programs in bioterrorism attacks.

In this review, published papers related to self-care programs in bioterrorism attacks were searched in the library resources and databases of Google, SID, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Civilica and the CDC website from 2015 to 2020. Keywords of microbial agents, bioterrorism, biological warfare, self-care and self-rescue, bioluminescence, nanosensor and detector and training were used. The retrieved papers were critically reviewed and evaluated in line with the objectives of the study.

A total of 186 papers were found in the search. After excluding the papers without full text, 91 articles remained. In the screening stage, 34 papers were removed due to the non-relevance of the title and abstracts. Then 23 papers were removed due to invalid methodology, inconsistency of title and text, and finally, 34 papers were critically evaluated.

Considering the effective role of training in self-care programs to deal with bioterrorism agents; it is recommended that in addition to the national media, these programs be included in the curriculum of all academic disciplines

Biological events are one of the threats in today’s world. Recent advances in the life sciences and the misuse of scientific research by terrorist groups have led to biological agents becoming a deadly weapon that poses a serious threat to both national security and public health. Because in biological disasters, emergency personnel and health care providers, including nurses, are considered as the first line of treatment in the face of patients, it is essential to have sufficient knowledge of the risks of biological disasters to help and treat casualties. This requires continuous training. Experts believe that the most important point in managing a crisis is to create awareness and continuous and dynamic education in people to transfer their knowledge to other people to create a safe environment for society. The purpose of this study was to investigate the need for nurses’ awareness to deal with biological attacks.

This article is a review study that examines and collects information by searching the library resources and electronic databases of PubMed, Scienec Direct and SID in the years 2000-2019 using keywords. Bioterrorism, biological attacks, biological weapons, awareness and nursing were performed.

The results indicate that the knowledge of medical staff and nurses about crisis management of biological events and related factors, biological attacks and methods of treatment of infections caused by it is low. Low level of knowledge and awareness leads to poor performance in the face of disasters and inefficiency of the crisis response and management system. Therefore, in order to ensure the health and safety of the society in order to manage all kinds of man-made disasters, training an experienced and skilled nursing staff is an obvious thing that is necessary to improve the knowledge and awareness of nurses.

Discussion and Conclusion:

Hospitals have an important role in crisis management of various disasters, especially biological disasters, and in this regard, the role of nurses as the majority of community health care providers is very important. In a proper health care system, promoting knowledge and awareness about the causes and effects of biological events and crisis management is a necessity. Therefore, it seems necessary to discuss biological disaster education and develop various training programs to improve the level of knowledge and skills of nurses.

The use of blood-sucking insects is one of the most important methods for pathogen prevalence in biological warfare. Fleas are one of the most important insects in transmitting microbial agents. Developing and updating new and specific methods of insect control is essential for passive defense and preparation of biological attacks as well as unexpected disease epidemics. For successful flea management, the used strategies must be selective and have minimal impact on the environment and humans. In the current study, effects of hormone-like compounds and IGRs on fleas control have been reviewed. Databases including EMBASE, PubMed, Scopus, Science direct, Citation Index, and Google Scholar were used as authentic sources. To retrieve the data, the search strategy and selection of articles was based on the keywords including Control, Fleas, Siphonaptera, Insect growth regulator, Insect hormone mimics, with different possible combinations were performed. We also used the keywords mainly mentioned in the titles of the articles without time limit but limited to 2020. The results of the study demonstrated that among the commercial growth regulators including juvenile hormone analogues, ecdysteroid agonists, and chitin synthesis inhibitors, the juvenile hormone analogues and chitin synthesis inhibitors have been most effective against fleas. In addition to their specificity, the growth regulators apart their safety are also considered persistant then their counterparts. These compounds can suppress flea populations and prevent the continued use of chemical pesticides. On the other hand, they impair resistance development in fleas. When fleas are used in biological warfare, growth regulators such as pyriproxyfen and lufenuron can disrupt flea survival and reproduction and control flea populations in a short while without harming own forces.

The present study tries to study and analyze the Quranic arguments and jurisprudential rules of precautionary measures against biological warfare in order to clarify this issue through these studies of Quranic and jurisprudential rulings.

This research has been carried out by the method of library studies and in a descriptive-analytical manner, which has been obtained and analyzed by referring to Quranic, narrative and scientific texts.

In the past, without sufficient knowledge in the field of medicine, biological agents were used in some wars. With the advancement of medical science, newer and more advanced weapons have been developed, and despite the claims of human rights protection, some countries use these weapons. Although the International Microbial Weapons Association passed a treaty banning these weapons in 1972, one of the weaknesses of the treaty is that it only prohibits the production and possession of these weapons, but does not mention the use of these weapons. Has not brought. Another weakness is that the development of biological sciences, on the one hand, leads to the provision of human health and hygiene, and on the other hand, can itself become a tool to use it as a biological weapon. On the other hand, only one third of the treaty countries agreed to the inspection request. The combination of these shortcomings and the lack of explanation of the principles of the Qur'anic and jurisprudential arguments for precautionary measures against biological warfare necessitate the need for the present study. Therefore, the question before the present study is: "What is the need for Quranic and jurisprudential arguments and principles regarding precautionary measures against biological warfare?" Our main hypothesis is that the Quranic verses such as verse 60 of Surah Al-Anfal that Allah Almighty says: و اعدوا لهم ما استطعتم من قوه و من رباط الخیل ترهبون به عدو الله و عدوکم و خ رین من دونهم ال تعلمونهم الله یعلمهم " Allah Baqara Sura of 190 verse and "و ما تنفقوا من شیء فی سبیل الله یوف إلیکم و انتم ال تظلمون و قاتلوا فی سبیل الله الذین یقاتلونکم و ال تعتدوا إن الله ال یحب المعتدین « و » و إذا تولی سعی فی الارض لیفسد ":says یا ایها الذین خمنوا ذوا حذرکم "and) 205: Baqarah-Al"(فیها و یهلک الحرث و النسل و الله ال یحب الفساد the protecting as such rules legal the and) 71 ': Nisa-An "(فانفروا ثبات او انفروا جمیعا Islamic territory, cut off the roots Infidelity, denial of mustache, retaliation, expediency and theories of experts and physicians based on the numerous harms of using these weapons and the need to deal with them and other principles and rules Immediate and jurisprudential proof of the legitimacy of preemptive action against biological warfare.

With reference to the holy verses of the Holy Quran and the principles and rules of jurisprudence and the opinions of experts and specialized physicians who have legal authority, the necessity of planning, planning and preemptive operational measures against biological warfare is used. In this regard, doctors, specialists, experts and the Islamic government have duties and responsibilities.

Aims: Bioterrorism is an invasive attack that can cause disease or death in humans, using viruses, bacteria or toxic substances. In recent years, due to an increase in the number of online articles in databases, much attention has been paid to the application of text mining and information extraction strategies from biomedical articles. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the importance of toxins as biological weapons by searching in medical texts and medical databases.
Information & This text mining and data research study was carried out in 2015-2016. The Carrot 2 software was used to cluster the keyword search results into the network and especially the biomedical databases. When searching for keywords, the search engine was set up on PubMed and the cluster type was based on K-means, and at the end of the results, the results were considered as foam trees.
Findings: The highest neurotoxins record was related to tetrodotoxin with a total record of 18970, The highest cytotoxins record was related to Pertussis toxin with a total record of 14390, The highest dermally hazardous cytotoxins record was related to Zearalenone with a total record of 2656.
Priorities of Bioterrorism Tracking and Biological Warfare Tracking are early detection, public health and control of these agents, So the micro and macro policies should focus on these.

today’s the wars to be changed biological weapons. That in addition to military persons, threats civilian persons. The statistics showed that application of biological weapons increased in wars irregularly, so the number of people who was killed due to biological attacks during 1970-1983(14 years) been 28110 person and during 1990-1996 who was killed 50070 person(duplicate). This weapons is simple, inexpensive, colorless and easily used in large-scale. These weapons between of non-biological weapons have following many casualties and damage. One of the important consequences in this kind of war is fear and various psychological symptoms that create in public person, especially in military. What is certain is that, this preparedness against accidents Bioterrorist is integral part of a health management in crisis time and every country. In such circumstances, management cans effective deal with these side effects. In this article has been tried, introduced psychological symptoms after the Bioterrorist accident and will be referred to the role of managers and effective solutions in this field.

This research is an overview study, that based on collected information from Internet resources and related research that have been correlate to this topic.

Undoubtedly, the main pillar of combat forces to maintain power is physical and mental health. Under such conditions, health care team should provide the necessary preparedness for giving care professional and may have capable response to these events.

not only these peoples need to gain knowledge and skills in dealing with this crisis, but should be able to have preserved mental status and can judge correctively in serious situation. This situation caused that health planners have attention to importance of proper planning in these accidents.