جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "body dysmorphic disorder" در نشریات گروه "پزشکی"

Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is a psychiatric disorder that is known as the most painful disorder among the psychological disorders associated with cosmetic and appearance surgeries. This is accompanied by intense and disturbing intellectual preoccupation with a partial or imaginary defect in appearance, which creates a feeling of insecurity and inadequacy in people.The present study aimed to examine the effectiveness of paradox therapy on body image and negative emotions in women with BDD.

This study employed semi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test, including a follow-up with a control group. The statistical population consisted of all women diagnosed with BDD who sought cosmetic surgery at beauty clinics in Tehran in the second half of 2023. Thirty participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. Paradoxical therapy(PTC) was conducted over 8 sessions of 90 minutes for the intervention group, while the control group received no training. Data were collected using the Body Dysmorphic Disorder Metacognitive Questionnaire (Rabiei et al., 2020), Body Image Satisfaction Scale (Sweto et al., 2002), and Negative Emotions Scale (Lovibond & Lovibond, 1995). Data analysis was performed using analysis of variance with repeated measures with SPSS22 at a significance level of 0.05.

The results showed that paradox therapy compared to the control group affected satisfaction with body image (F=33.72, P=33.00>1), stress (F=21.683, P>0.001), anxiety (F=10.280, P>0.001) and depression (F=9.935, P>0.001). The scores of stress, anxiety and depression in the paradox therapy group decreased compared to the control group and in the follow-up stage it was still significantly different from the pre-test stage.

Considering the effectiveness of paradox therapy on increasing satisfaction with body image and reducing stress, anxiety and depression of women with body deformity disorder, mental health professionals can use paradox techniques to reduce psychological distress and increase satisfaction with body image in Women with body deformity disorders should use it.

Examining the traumatic experiences and personality characteristics of cosmetic surgery applicants is particularly important in explaining their psychological problems. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between childhood trauma experience with anxiety symptoms and body dysmorphic disorder in cosmetic surgery applicants with the mediating role of rejection sensitivity.

The present research was correlation based on structural equations. The statistical population of the research included all women referring to cosmetic surgery clinics in Tehran. Considering the criteria of inclusion and exclusion, 210 people were selected by convenience sampling method. The research tools are: Childhood Trauma Questionnaire, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Body Dysmorphic Disorder questionnaire, and Rejection Sensitivity Questionnaire. Pearson correlation, structural equation modeling and SPSS and AMOS version 23 software were used for data analysis.

The results showed that the direct path coefficients of childhood trauma experience on anxiety symptoms (β=0.318 and P=0.001) and sensitivity to rejection (β=0.510 and P=0.001) were positively significant, but the path of childhood trauma experience on body dysmorphic disorder was not significant. Also, the direct path coefficients of rejection sensitivity on anxiety symptoms (β=0.464 and P=0.001) and body dysmorphic disorder (β=0.464 and P=0.001) were positively significant. In addition to sensitivity to rejection, it had a mediating role in the relationship between childhood trauma experience and anxiety symptoms and body dysmorphic disorder.

Based on the findings of the research, it can be concluded that targeted interventions that are used to reduce the sensitivity to rejection can probably be effective in improving the psychological problems and attitudes of cosmetic surgery applicants.

There is almost no accurate information about the causes of body dysmorphic disorder. Many patients with body dysmorphic disorder who apply for plastic surgery show a negative response to these treatments and sometimes the symptoms get worse. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the causes of body dysmorphic disorder in women.

The present research was a qualitative study with a content analysis type. Variables and categories were obtained by interviewing 15 experts and eight people with body dysmorphic disorder and reviewing 71 articles. Also, to diagnose body dysmorphic disorder, Yale Brown’s Practical Obsession Questionnaire was used in addition to the interviews. The sampling method in this research was purposive sampling. Data analysis was done in three stages: open, central, and selective coding. The validity of the components was checked by calculating the content analysis index.

In the research, before the interview, written consent was received regarding the specificity and confidentiality of the research (Code: IR.UM.REC.1401.105).

The influential factors in body dysmorphic disorder were: a. Cultural and social factors b. Psychological factors, and c. Biological factors.

According to the obtained results, several factors play a role in the occurrence of body dysmorphic disorder, and their identification in different environments, cultures, and societies provides the possibility of developing preventive measures, and designing and developing a suitable treatment model. However, to increase the external validity of the research, it is suggested to conduct similar research in other societies.

Negative body image and its adverse behavioral consequences are important public health concerns, and studying effective psychological factors in its formation is very important.

The present research aimed to compare Self-compassion and Cognitive flexibility in people with and without body dysmorphic disorder syndrome.

The present study had a descriptive and causal-comparative design. The research population consisted of all women and men aged 18 to 40 of Tehran in 2022, from which a sample of 62 people was selected by available and purposeful sampling method (31 people as a sample group with symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder and 31 people as a sample group without symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder). Participants answered the Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale modified for Body Dysmorphic Disorder: BDD-YBOCS (1997), Self-compassion Scale-Short Form (2011), and Cognitive Flexibility Inventory (2010). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance, by SPSS-25 software.

The results showed that the mean scores of self-compassion (F=31.16, P=0.001, Eta=0.34) and cognitive flexibility (F=31.24, P=0.001, Eta=0.18) were significantly lower in the group with symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder than the group without symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder and there was a statistically significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01).

The present study highlighted the importance of psychological mechanisms in the symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder. These findings indicated that psychotherapists should pay essential attention to the special psychological attributes of people with symptoms of body dysmorphic disorder at the time of prevention and treatment.

There is almost no accurate information about the causes of body dysmorphic disorder. Many patients with body dysmorphic disorder who apply for plastic surgery show a negative response to these treatments and sometimes the symptoms get worse. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the causes of body dysmorphic disorder in women.

The present research was a qualitative study with a content analysis type. Variables and categories were obtained by interviewing 15 experts and eight people with body dysmorphic disorder and reviewing 71 articles. Also, to diagnose body dysmorphic disorder, Yale Brown’s Practical Obsession Questionnaire was used in addition to the interviews. The sampling method in this research was purposive sampling. Data analysis was done in three stages: open, central, and selective coding. The validity of the components was checked by calculating the content analysis index.

In the research, before the interview, written consent was received regarding the specificity and confidentiality of the research (Code: IR.UM.REC.1401.105).

The influential factors in body dysmorphic disorder were: a. Cultural and social factors b. Psychological factors, and c. Biological factors.

According to the obtained results, several factors play a role in the occurrence of body dysmorphic disorder, and their identification in different environments, cultures, and societies provides the possibility of developing preventive measures, and designing and developing a suitable treatment model. However, to increase the external validity of the research, it is suggested to conduct similar research in other societies.

 Body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) and perfectionism are the main mental concerns of adolescent students who are the future makers of the country. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) on perfectionism and BDD in students with these concerns.

 The quasi-experimental research design was pretest-posttest with a control group. From 360 high school female students from 4 high schools in the 14th district of Tehran (2016), 34 people with high scores on the cut line (score 93) were selected regarding the BDD scale and as a research sample were randomly divided into two groups of 17 cases per group. Due to the lack of collaboration and sample attrition, 11 and 13 cases in the experimental and control groups completed the perfectionism questionnaire, respectively. The experimental group participated in eight CBT sessions based on the treatment guide of Wright et al. in cyberspace; however, the control group did not receive any intervention. Finally, the post-test was administered. The research instruments were the Physical Appearance Perfectionism Scale and Body Dysmorphic Disorder Symptom Scale. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 26) using ANCOVA, MANCOVA, and multivariate covariance analysis.

 The effectiveness of CBT in BDD was not significant at P≤0.01 and the perfectionism variable. The CBT explained 39.9% of the variance of predictor variables.

 Considering the effectiveness and efficiency of CBT to reduce students' mental concerns, prevent related disorders, and improve their quality of life, this piece of training can be included in the school curriculum.

Vitiligo is the most common depigmenting skin disorder. The present study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on body dysmorphic disorder and rumination in people with vitiligo.

This applied research was conducted based on a Pre-test/Post-test/ follow-up design with the control group. The statistical population of the study included all patients with vitiligo referred to dermatologists in dermatology and cosmetic clinics in Ahvaz in 2019. Among them, 30 patients were selected by purposeful sampling method and assigned to two groups of cased and control. In order to collect data, the following questionnaires were used: Body Dysmorphic Disorder of Littleton, Aksom and Puri (2005), as well as Rumination of Nolen, Hoxma and Marv (1991). The experimental group received acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) (10 90-minute sessions), while the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22) using repeated measure analysis of variance using.

The results pointed out that the ACT was effective in the reduction of body dysmorphic disorder (P<0.001) and rumination (P<0.001) in people with vitiligo, and this result continued until the follow-up phase.

As evidenced by the obtained results, the ACT can be used to reduce body dysmorphic disorder, rumination, and tensions in people with vitiligo.

The most common comorbid disorder with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) is depression. Masochistic aggression and suicide are the main concerns about individuals with BDD who suffer from depression and have impaired function. Present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and metacognitive therapy (MCT) on depression, suicide ideation, and masochistic aggression among individuals with subclinical symptoms of BDD. 

This study was a quasi-experimental study with a control group pretest-posttest design. The sample included 51 girls with subclinical symptoms of BDD who had been selected with purposive sampling from a public secondary school in Tehran in the academic year 2018-2019. After being evaluated and giving the informed consent, the participants were randomly assigned to one of the two experimental groups of CBT and MCT or waiting list. The participants completed the Body Image Concern Inventory (Littleton, 2005), Beck Depression Inventory-II (Beck et al., 1996), Beck Scale for Suicide Ideation (Beck et al., 1979), and masochistic aggression subscale of Aggression Styles Inventory (Alavizadeh & et al., 2016) at the pre-test, post-test and 3 months follow-up stages. Data were analyzed by repeated-measures ANOVA in SPSS-26. 

Results showed that although CBT and MCT were effective in alleviating the symptoms of depression (p<0.01), suicide ideation (p<0.01) and masochistic aggression (P<0.05), CBT was more effective in decreasing depression (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between CBT and MCT in terms of their effect on suicide ideation and masochistic aggression (P<0.05).

According to these findings, it can be concluded that CBT and MCT are effective in alleviating the mood-related symptoms in individuals with subclinical symptoms of BDD. Furthermore, the behavioral activation session can be the reason of the higher effectiveness of CBT.

Body dysmorphic disorder is a disabling illness with a high worldwide prevalence. The present study aimed at investigating the relationship between self-concept, cognitive fusion and social well-being with body dysmorphic disorder among female teenagers.

Methods and Materials: 

The research method was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included all female high school students in Damghan during 2018-2019 Of the population, 310 subjects were selected by multi-stage random cluster sampling. Then by using purposive sampling method 110 students were selected as the final sample. In order to collect data, the instruments of self-concept (self-concept scale), cognitive fusion (cognitive fusion scale), social well-being (social well-being scale) and body dysmorphic disorder (body dysmorphic disorder scale) were used. Data analysis was conducted by Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression tests. The data were entered into SPSS software.

The results showed a significant relationship between self-concept (r=-0.55), cognitive fusion (r=0.59) and social well-being (r=-0.62) the body dysmorphic disorder of female teenagers (p<0.05). In addition, the results of multiple regression showed that self-concept (-0.28), cognitive fusion (0.32) and social well-being (-0.39) significantly predict the body dysmorphic disorder of female teenagers (p<0.05).

Female teenagers' body dysmorphic disorder is predictable by the self-concept, cognitive fusion and social well-being. Therefore, it is suggested that psychologists and counselors consider the role of self-concept, cognitive fusion and social well-being to decrease the level of teenagers' body dysmorphic disorder. Also, the researchers conduct further studies on the teenagers' body dysmorphic disorder.

Body dysmorphic disorder is one of the most common adolescent disorders, which is defined as preoccupation with imaginary defect or exaggerated distortion of a minor physical defect. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the relationship of body image-related cognitive fusion, body image psychological inflexibility, meaning of life and mindfulness with body dysmorphic disorder in a group of female students in Khoramabad city.

This is a correlation study and the population comprised of all second-grade female students in Khoramabad city in 2016-17 academic year. Of these, n=364 were selected using random cluster sampling. The data collection instruments were the modified Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale for Body Dysmorphic Disorder, Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire- Body Image (CFQ-BI), Body Image Psychological Inflexibility Scale (BIPIS), Engaged Living Scale (ELS) and Mindfulness Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS). The collected data were analyzed using SPSS-v22.0, Pearson correlation coefficient and multivariate regression analysis using a step-wise method.

The results showed that body image-related cognitive fusion, body image psychological inflexibility, meaning of life and mindfulness were significantly correlated with body dysmorphic disorder in female students (p<0.05). Body image-related cognitive fusion, body image psychological inflexibility, meaning of life and mindfulness played a significant role in anticipating the body dysmorphic disorder in female students. These four variables predicted 85.7% of variation in body dysmorphic disorder.

According to the results, body image-related cognitive fusion, body image psychological inflexibility, meaning of life and mindfulness can predict body dysmorphic disorder. Hence, they need to be considered in the treatment of body dysmorphic disorder.

Body dysmorphic disorder is one of the common adolescence disorders which is characterized by mental occupation with bodily deficits. The overall aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral art therapy on the self-concept, body image in adolescent girls suffering from body dysmorphic disorder in Ahvaz city. The sample consisted of 30 students (15 in the experimental group and 15 in the control group) from the students who were selected by convenience sampling. The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up and with the control group. For data collection, Yale-Brown obssesive compulsive scale and Self-concept questionnaire, multidimensional body- self relashionship questionnaire were used. To analyze data, multivariate covariance analysis and SPSS16 software were used.  Data results analysis indicated that cognitive-behavioral  based art therapy in the experimental group compared with the control increased self-concept and body image and this effect continued during the follow-up phase. Therefore, it can be concluded that principles of art therapy based on cognitive-behavioral therapy can be used in the treatment of people with abdominal disorder.

Considering the cultural and social changes of the society and the attitudes of people towards beauty and the attention of people to appearances and tendency to make changes in order to achieve beauty, concern with appearances and distorted physical image could be preoccupy people with their body and make them prone to body dysmorphic disorder. The purpose of this study was to determine structural relationships between early maladaptive schemas and body dysmorphic disorder mediated by anxiety and over-concern. In this descriptive-correlational study, 300 women at dermatology clinic in Qaemshahr during a 6-month period were selected by convenience sampling method. Data were collected via practical obsessive-compulsive questionnaire, initial maladaptive schema, anxiety inventory, and anxiety test. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS-22 and Lisrel 8.80 software by structural equations. The mean (SD) age of participants was 22 (2.4). Increased scandal score with mean (SD) of 3.5 (0.5) was associated with increased physical deformity score with mean (SD) of 3.7 (0.5) (P<0.001). Increased anxiety score with mean (SD) of 3.5 (0.5) and over-concern score with a mean (SD) of 3.6 (0.6) as intermediary variables, the effect of early maladaptive schemas on body dysmorphic disorder was increased compared to their direct relationship (P<0.001). The study showed that increasing score of maladaptive scales resulted in increased score of deformity disorder. In addition, increased score of anxiety and anxiety thoughts as intermediary variables, resulted in increased effect of early maladaptive schema on dysmorphic body disorder compared to the direct relationship between them.