جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « buildings » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

While many national-level governments have worked to tighten atmospheric air quality standard, the Authors observe, Indoor Air Quality (IAQ) control as part of building-codes have remained understudied and not yet enforced in many national-level regulations. The COVID-19 pandemic seemed to trigger an immediate response worldwide for IAQ control. Indoor air pollutants need to be tightly regulated. International agencies have produced recommendations to cope with the pandemic, however, national level IAQ standards and building codes have been slow to adapt.

IAQ regulations from various nations worldwide were studied along with the international standards: The American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), and World Health Organization (WHO). A comprehensive review was conducted comparing the national-level building codes and regulations as legal implementation instruments. Focus group discussions were also conducted to complement preliminary findings and further analysis.

Except for Indonesia, bacteria and fungi have been categorized as infectious aerosols in many national-level regulations that fare up to the international standards as indoor air pollutants with their acceptable levels. However, while they set thresholds for pollutants, their effectiveness regulating IAQ in public buildings remain unknown. It also found that there is a significant lack of national building codes in Indonesia.

The COVID-19 epidemic raises awareness of IAQ. The health aspect is currently being prioritized, particularly in Indonesia, where the majority of related regulations are still fragmented and prioritize energy conservation over health. This study can inform policymakers with evidence of IAQ control and practices worldwide for applicable regulatory building and implementation, as well as for health emergency and disaster risk management.

Worldwide, indoor radon exposure is considered to be the second leading cause of lung cancer, particularly among people who stay indoors for a long time as the children and the elderly. The goal of this study is to get a better understanding of indoor radon levels in the houses of the Gaza governorate.

One hundred eighty passive diffusion radon dosimeters containing CR-39 solid state nuclear track detectors (SSNTD) were distributed in the rooms of the Gaza governorates houses following a cluster random sampling. Only 154 dosimeters were found in the places and collected, while the remaining 26 dosimeters were lost. The detectors were left for two months during the period from March to June of 2006. Variability between dwellings neighborhoods, floors, rooms at the same floor, ventilation status, smoking, dwelling age were assessed.

The indoor radon concentrations in the houses of Gaza governorate were lower than the EPA and ICRP recommended limits (150 Bq/m3), with a mean indoor radon concentration (mean±SD) of 40±14 Bq/m3 and a range from 3 to 105 Bq/m3. The house ventilation status was the key variable which affects the indoor radon level, since badly ventilated houses had higher indoor radon concentrations, particularly in the basement floors rather than the higher floors.

Despite fulfilling the international limits, we strongly recommend conducting a wider national survey for natural radiation measurements and mapping radon-borne areas throughout the country. Moreover, well ventilation of the house indoor environment is highly recommended.

Background and Elevated CO2 rate in a building affect the health of occupant. This document presents results of an experimental analysis conducted in 50 offices located in 12 buildings with different layer in Cameroon (Yaounde). This study took place in 2012, during the dry and the rainy seasons. The main goal is to show the influence of the building structure, the ventilation and the number of occupants on the CO2 concentration in buildings. The areas chosen were ventilated at 60%. A questionnaire was distributed to occupants. The different values in terms of temperature, air speed, humidity, CO2 concentration and luminosity rate were measured simultaneously during working hours and without the occupants. The measurement took place while offices were naturally ventilated. Values obtained were analyzed and integrated. Painted buildings with glasses were more pollutant than those made with soil and wood. A mechanically controlled area was more comfortable but more pollutant than a naturally ventilated area. The CO2 concentration changes exponentially when the number of people in a hall increased especially when there are smokers. For temperature ranged from 20.5°C to 28.8°C and the CO2 from 350ppm to 1450ppm, the average consumption of O2 by person varied between 0.0097cfm and 0.0162 cfm.