جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « campylobacter » در نشریات گروه « پزشکی »

The purpose of this study was comparison study on antibiotic resistance profile and multiple antibiotic resistance index (MAR Index) in the Campylobacter spp. isolates from domestic animals and water. To performing the study, 392 fecal and water samples were collected from poultry (182), cow (141), sheep and goat (41) and tap water (28). All samples were subjected for isolation of Campylobacter spp. using pre-treatment-Kapandis Baseri (prêt KB) method and the isolates were confirmed by sequencing of 16srRNA genes. Furthermore, Campylobacter isolates were assessed for antibiotic resistance profile and multiple antibiotic resistance index (MAR Index) by using disk diffusion method. The results indicated that Campylobacter spp.  isolated from 50 samples. The isolation rate was highest in poultry (37/50) and lowest in goat (2/50). 36 isolates were identified as Campylobacter jejuni and the rest (14 isolates) were identified as Campylobacter coli. All of C. jejuni and C. coli isolates found resistant to amoxicillin/clavulanic, erythromycin and chloramphenicol and all sensitive to ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, tobramycin, tetracycline and imipenem. 36% of C. jejuni  and 14% of C. coli had multiple antibiotic resistance index 0.2 and upper. Therefore, based on foregoing evidence, all of the isolates were resistant to antibiotics, therefore, human infection with Campylobacter spp. via utilization of animal origin products is possible.

Today, food-borne diseases are known as one of the most important public health concerns in many countries. Campylobacter is one of the most prevalent food-borne pathogens. Raw chicken meat has been reported as the main source of human campylobacteriosis. The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of Campylobacter species among broiler carcasses at industrial slaughterhouses in Hamedan province, west of Iran.

Totally, 100 samples were collected using sterile swabs from chicken skin at the post-scalding stage. The samples were enriched in Brucella broth containing Campylobacter selective supplement and incubated at 42ºC for 48-72 hours under microaerophilic conditions. The molecular detection and identification of Campylobacter species were performed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using cadF and Hip primers for detecting Campylobacter species and Campylobacter jejuni, respectively.

The results of this study revealed that 81% and 31% of broiler carcasses were positive for the presence of Campylobacter species and C. jejuni, respectively.

Due to the high contamination rate of chicken meat with this pathogen, precise hygienic control of poultry meat and an increase in consumer awareness seem necessary to decrease human campylobacteriosis.

Source tracking of antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter is useful for control measures. In this study, Campylobacter-associated diarrhea and homology in antimicrobial resistance of humans and poultry meat isolates were investigated.

A total of 400 stools of patients and 100 poultry meat samples were analyzed. Susceptibility of the isolates was detected by disk diffusion, Etest, and agar dilution methods. Mismatch amplification mutation assay was used for the detection of mutations in the gyrA quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR).

Campylobacter spp., including C. jejuni, C. coli, and C. lari, were detected in 35% of the chicken meat and 6.75% of the stool samples, respectively. The QRDR mutation was detected in most of the stool and chicken meat samples. Although the frequency of resistance to tetracycline (53.5% and 62.8%), erythromycin (39.2% and 37.1%), and gentamicin (32.1% and 31.4%) was relatively similar, higher frequency of resistance to ciprofloxacin (51.4% vs 28.6%) and nalidixic acid (42.15% vs 28.6%) among the chicken meat, and ampicillin (50% and 17.1%) among the human stool was detected.

High percentage of poultry meat samples is contaminated with different Campylobacter species, which shows homology with the patients’ isolates in Tehran.

Recently, the rate of antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter has been reported to be increasing and the mechanism of this resistance has been reported to be related to the activity of efflux pumps. The purpose of this study was to isolate Campylobacter strains from domestic animals such as poultry and cows and evaluate the role of efflux pumps in antibiotic resistance property of them.

A total of 300 fecal samples were collected from poultry and cows and subjected to isolation of Campylobacter by preT-KB method. The isolates were identified and confirmed by phenotypic and genotypic methods and their antibiotic susceptibility was evaluated using the disk diffusion method. Efflux pump activity in the isolates was assessed by EtBr-agar cartwheel method and the presence of efflux pump cmeABC was evaluated in all isolates. Finally, the correlation between efflux pump activity and antibiotic resistance was evaluated in the isolates using inhibition of efflux pump activity of Phe-Arg β-naphthylamide.

Of all samples, 10 (3.3%) Campylobacter strains were isolated. Seven (70%) and three (30%) strains were isolated from poultry and cows, respectively. Of all isolates, 9 belonged to Campylobacter jejuni and 1 belonged to Campylobacter coli. The isolates were resistant to three antibiotics, namely Ciprofloxacin, Ceftriaxone, and Cefotaxime. Efflux pump activity was observed in all isolates; however, cmeABC genes were not present in all of them. In addition, resistance to Erythromycin and Ciprofloxacin was associated with efflux pump activity.

All Campylobacter isolates in the current study showed antibiotic resistance and the activity of efflux pumps could induce antibiotic resistance and decrease the antibacterial activity of many drug families in Campylobacter. In addition, the activity of efflux pumps can be considered a mechanism of antibiotic resistance and elimination of this activity might increase the effectiveness of antibiotics.

We aimed to determine the susceptibility of Campylobacterisolates obtained from patients to vari-ous antimicrobial agents and to investigate some related antimicrobial resistance genes.

Fifty-six Campylobacterisolates obtained from fecal specimens by conventional methods at the Trakya University Health Center for Medical Research and Practice, Department of Medical Microbiology in Edirne, Turkey, from 2017-2017 were included. Antimicrobial susceptibilities were investigated by the gradient strip test method, and species determination was made by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR). The presence of the erm(B)gene and tet(O) gene was investigated in all isolates by PCR. DNA sequence analysis was performed to detect the presence of mutations in the 23S rRNA positions 2074 and 2075 in five isolates, including two erythromycin resistant isolates. The gyrAgene mutation was investigated by the mismatch amplification mutation assay (MAMA)-PCR.

In 54 C. jejuniisolates, resistance to erythromycin was 3.7%; to tetracycline, 59.3%; and to ciprofloxacin, 74.1%. Phenotypically, the tet(O) gene was detected in 33 tetracycline-resistant isolates, but no erm(B) gene was found in any of the Campylobacterisolates. As a result of the DNA sequencing, it was found no mutations in the 23S rRNA gene at the 2074 and 2075 positions. The gyrAmutation was observed in all 41 ciprofloxacin resistant Campylobacterisolates.

Among the antimicrobial agents tested, ciprofloxacin had the highest resistance rate, and erythro-mycin had the lowest. Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacterincreased significantly compared with previously studies in our region as well as in the entire world. Monitoring the resistance to antimicrobial agents used to treat Campylobacterinfections is important in determining empiric antimicrobial treatment.

Campylobacter is an organism that is usually associated with diarrhea in pet animals and humans, as well as other domestic, wild, and laboratory animals.

The aim of the present survey was the isolation, molecular detection, and risk factors of Campylobacter infection from companion dogs referred to the Veterinary Hospital of Ahvaz district, the South-West of Iran.

Rectal swabs were examined by culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods from 122 companion dogs (52 diarrheic and 70 clinically healthy). Several risk factors were reviewed, including age, gender, breed, nutrition status, and lifestyle.

The results showed that only five samples (4.1%) were positive for Campylobacter spp. in the culture method. Campylobacter spp. was detected in 18 out of 122 dogs by the PCR, yielding an overall prevalence of 14.8%. The most prevalent species of Campylobacter among the referred dogs were C. coli (38.89%) and C. jejuni (33.33%). A lower prevalence was found for C. upsaliensis (11.11%) and C. lari (5.55%). Concurrent infections were observed in two cases of C. upsaliensis + C. lari (5.55%) and C. coli + C. lari (5.55%). No significant difference was noted between healthy (11.43%) and diarrheic (19.23%) dogs (P>0.05). Eventually, age, gender, breed, nutrition status, and lifestyle had no significant effect on Campylobacter infection (P>0.05).

Although the prevalence of Campylobacter was moderate in the dog population of Ahvaz district, these bacteria can constitute a public health hazard because of the frequent presence of Campylobacter species in the feces.

Campylobacter spp. are the main cause of human gastroenteritis. The 16SrRNA sequencing is one of fast molecualr method to detect this fastidious. In this study, we compared the sequencing of 16srRNA genewith four housekeeping genestodetect Campylobacter spp. in patients with diarrhea and healthy people.

60 samples of Campylobacter DNA extracted from stool samples of 30 patients with diarrhea and 30 healthy people were used. In order to detect Campylobacter, we designed primers for proliferation of 16SrRNA, cadF, dnaJ, slyD, and rpoA genes using Primer 3, Mega 4.0 and Blast software. Then the PCR products were sequenced using ABI system.

The sequencing showed concordance of PCR-products with deposited sequences in the Gene Bank. Among diarrhea patients, 53.3% of samples were significantly (p< 0.05) positive for slyD and cadF genes and 50% of samples were positive using 16SrRNA, rpoA, and dnaJ genes by PCR assay. The average of sensitivity and specificity were found 53.33% and 83.33%, respectively.

Due to various copies of repeated sequences of 16SrRNA gene, analyzing its amplicons on electrophoresis may be more difficult than the slyD and cadF genes. According to our results, among the 5 studied genes; the highest detection rate was related to slyD and cadF genes. Although, dnaJ and rpoA genes, instead of 16SrRNA gene, can be considered as appropriate genes for molecular detection of Campylobacter bacteria.

The campylobacter genus of bacteria is important in public health as it comprises many species causing diarrhea in humans. Poultry and its products are recognized as vital causes of campylobacteriosis in humans. For bacterial food-borne diseases, campylobacter is considered as the leading cause. Higher prevalence has been reported in developed countries. Our study was a cross-sectional study directed to determine the prevalence of campylobacter species in retail broiler meat in the Bannu district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, from January 2018 to June 2018. A total of 200 poultry meat samples were collected from four different areas of district Bannu Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan that includes lakki gate, tanchi bazar, Bannu Township and mangal milla. Mueller-Hinton medium was used for the disc diffusion method to determine antibiotic resistance of campylobacter species. Amongst 200 broiler meat samples, 60 (30%) samples were found positive for campylobacter species. The highest prevalence was observed in samples from Bannu Township (50%) while the lowest prevalence (12%) was observed in samples from Mangal milla broiler meat samples. Amongst different types of meat samples, the highest prevalence was found in thigh meat (46%), while the lowest prevalence was observed in the cloacal swab (20%). The highest resistance was observed against Amoxicillin (AMX) 80% while the resistance observed against other antibiotics were Ampicillin (AMP) 70%, Tetracycline (TET) 65%, Sulphamethoxazole + Trimethoprim (SXT) 60%, Chloramphenicol (CHL) 56.66%, Clarithromycin (CLR) 50%, Streptomycin (STR) 40%, Gentamycin (GEN) 36.66%, Ofloxacin (OFX) 20%, Ciprofloxacin (CIP) 15%, Levofloxacin (LEV) 15% and Azithromycin (AZM) 10%. The lowest resistance was observed against Ceftriaxone (CRO) 5%. Our Study concludes that campylobacter species are prevalent highly in district Bannu, and it might be a hazard to public health.

Foodborne illness has been determined to be one of the major limitations to the advancement of world health. Bacterial pathogens among the leading causes of foodborne illness are Escherichia coli (E. coli), Campylobacter, Salmonella, and Listeria. The risk of these pathogens was investigated among gastroenteritis cases in the diverse population of the state of Qatar. Fecal samples from patients admitted to Hamad Medical Corporation (HMC) with complaints of gastroenteritis were screened for the targeted pathogens using a combination of bacterial enrichments and molecular detection. Salmonella was the most common pathogen (42.9%), followed by E. coli (35.3%), and Campylobacter (21.0%). C. jejuni was the most common species of Campylobacter (67.4%). The probability of detection of E. coli decreased with age. Meanwhile, both probabilities of detection of Campylobacter and Salmonella increased with age. Listeria monocytogenes was much less common among gastroenteritis cases compared to the other pathogens.

The role of Bacterial infections as one major cause of occurrence of gallstones has been admitted. Campylobacteraceae family consists of Helicobacter, Campylobacter and Arcobacter genus have been identified as significant bacteria in the appearance of gastric disorders. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of Campylobacteriaceae family bacteria in the gallstones of patients hospitalized in the surgery ward of Shahid Rajaei hospital in Tonekabon. Sample of gallbladder stone was collected form 36 patients. After culture in the BHI medium for the primary enrichment, DNA extraction was carried out and then, the presence of the desired bacteria was examined by PCR technique. The obtained data was analyzed by SPSS software (21) and Chi-square (x2) test. Of total 36 samples of the studied gallstone, 3 samples (8.33%) were positive from viewpoint of presence of Helicobacter, 5 samples (13.88%) were positive in terms of presence of Campylobacter and only 1 sample (2.77%) was positive with respect to the presence of Arcobacter. No significant relationship was observed between type of stone and presence of these bacteria. The results achieved from this research show the presence of DNA belonging to the Campylobacteraceae family in the gallbladder stone, using PCR technique. These bacteria have an etiological significance in the formation of the gallstones. Therefore, more studies are required to determine the role of these bacteria in the formation of gallbladder stone.

Thermophilic Campylobacter is the first cause of gastroenteritis infection in human. Nowadays, the prevalence of Campylobacter spp. is higher than other bacteria causing intestinal infection such as Salmonella and Shigella. This study was designed to compare the frequency of Campylobacter species in poultry slaughterhouse workers and poultry meat sellers (exposed group) and in healthy people (non-exposed group) in Arak city. Among the 104 samples, 52 samples were collected from the slaughterhouse workers and poultry meat sellers, and 52 samples were collected from the control group. The stool samples were taken from the slaughterhouse workers, poultry meat seller, and healthy people who had not received antibiotics for the last two weeks. For enrichment, the samples were enriched in Preston broth medium at 37℃ for 48 hrs under the microaerophilic conditions. Then they were sub cultured using a passive filtration method on Brucella agar at 37℃ for 72 hrs under the microaerophilic conditions. Finally, the samples were directly tested using genus- and species specific PCR primers. Of 52 samples collected from the slaughterhouse workers and poultry meat sellers, 11 (21.1%) samples were positive for the presence of Campylobacter spp. by PCR, and of 52 samples collected from the healthy people, 2 (3.8%) samples were reported as positive. The most frequent species isolated from the 2 groups were C.jejuni (53.84%) and C.coli (23.07%), respectively. Chicken is identified as one of the important sources of Campylobacter infections in humans, which may contaminate poultry Slaughterhouse workers and chicken meat sellers, which in turn, they could potentially transmit Campylobacter strains to healthy people and chicken meat.

Diarrhea is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. Enteric gram-negative bacteria, especially Shigella, Salmonella, Escherichia, and Campylobacter plays a key role in the occurrence of diarrhea. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence and importance of four bacterial genera in the incidence of diarrhea in Shahid Beheshti Hospital in Kashan, Iran. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 528 diarrheal stool samples during March 2015-February 2017. The samples were collected for the isolation of the bacterial agents to appropriate selective and differential culture media. Laboratory diagnosis was performed using proper bacteriological and serological tests. Among 528 stool samples, 38.6% of the specimens belonged to women, and 61.4% belonged to men. In total, 233 specimens (44.1%) were positive for the mentioned bacteria. In 98 (18.5%) and 15 cases (2.8%), Shigella spp. and Campylobacter spp. had the highest and lowest frequency, respectively. Shigellosis has been reported to be more prevalent in developing and industrialized countries. Our findings and similar studies in this regard have denoted the epidemiological patterns of shigellosis in some regions in Iran toward the epidemiological pattern of the disease in industrialized countries.

Several genetic mechanisms are used by Campylobacter spp. to achieve pathogenesis. One of the involved virulence factors is lipooligosacharide-associated genes, which are related to ganglioside mimicry by Campylobacter species.
The current study was conducted to determine the genetic diversity of 3 LOS-associated genes among Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli isolated from animal fecal samples.
One hundred broiler, cattle, and sheep fecal C. jejuni and C. coli isolates, which had been collected previously from Shiraz slaughterhouses and had been formerly identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reactions, were used in the present study. Campylobacter species were subjected to detect wlaN, cgtB, and waaC genes. The PCR products of three LOS-genes were subjected for restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) using HindIII and AluI restriction enzymes in separate reactions. The most prevalent RFLP patterns in the combination of 2 enzymes were subjected for sequencing and sequence analysis software.
Results and Patterns of RFLP for PCR products of all 69 wlaN and 29 cgtB genes were similar yet among 86 waaC gene PCR products, 6 different RFLP patterns were obtained. In conclusion, PCR-RFLP analysis demonstrated considerable variation in gene content and overall sequence heterogeneity in the animal-associated C. jejuni and C. coli LOS biosynthesis genes.

Although, many genes are involved in pathogenesis of Campylobacter, racR gene considered the main gene for Campylobacter pathogenicity in humans. The purpose of this study was determined the prevalence of recR gene in Campylobacter spp. isolated from domestic animals and water.
To perform the study 392 fecal and water samples were collected from poultry(182), cow(141), sheep and goat(41) and water(28). All samples were subjected for isolation of Campylobacter spp. using prêt KB method and the presumptive isolates authenticated by DNA sequencing of 16srRNA genes. Finally, Campylobacter isolates assessed for detection of racR gene. The results obtained indicated that 50 strains of Campylobacter spp. were isolated. High isolate frequency (37/50) was for Poultry and low frequency (2/50) was for sheep and goat. Of All isolates thirty six strains were identified as Campylobacter jejuni and the rest (14 isolates) was Campylobacter coli. The genome of 30(83.3%) C.jejuni and 14(100%) C.coli were contained racR gene. Hence based on foregoing evidence racR gene existed approximately in all isolates. Therefore, Campylobacter strains isolated from different sources could be considered infectious agent for human. It is because phenotypical character inducted by racR gene (colonization and heat tolerance) helps them to survive and cause infection.

The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of virulence and Cytolethal Distending Toxin (CDT) genes in the Campylobacter isolates from intestinal contents and gall bladders of broilers and, to evalute their cytotoxic effects on HeLa cell cultures. These genes play important roles in bacterial adherence to intestinal mucosa, flagella-mediated motility, invasive capability and the ability to produce toxins in Campylobacter pathogenesis. A total of 121 Campylobacter isolates (106 C. jejuni, 11 C. coli, 2 C. lanienae, and 2 C. lari) were used in this study. The frequency of virulence genes in all the isolates were detected in different proportions ranging from 34-93% using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) assay. Cytolethal Distending Toxin A (CDTA), Cytolethal Distending Toxin B (CDTB) and Cytolethal Distending Toxin C (CDTC) genes were found in 66.1%, 65.3% and 66.9% of the Campylobacter isolates tested, respectively (P> 0.05). Of the 19 isolates, only two (one C. jejuni, one C. coli) showed morphological changes such as cell swelling, expansion, growth, and cell shape change in HeLa cell cultures. CDT and virulence genes were detected at low frequencies in C. jejuni, C. coli and C. lari isolates that were obtained from clinically healthy broilers.
Although valuable information was attained about the pathogenicity of C. lanienae, additional studies using animal models are necessary for clarification.